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Kostygov AY, Chmelová Ľ, Reichl J, Jászayová A, Votýpka J, Fuehrer HP, Yurchenko V. Parasites of firebugs in Austria with focus on the "micro"-diversity of the cosmopolitan trypanosomatid Leptomonas pyrrhocoris. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:27. [PMID: 38072883 PMCID: PMC10710968 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated parasites of the firebug Pyrrhocoris apterus in Austria and demonstrated that in addition to the extensively studied Leptomonas pyrrhocoris, it can also be infected by Blastocrithidia sp. and by a mermithid, which for the first time has been characterized using molecular methods. This diversity can be explained by the gregarious lifestyle, as well as the coprophagous and cannibalistic behavior of the insect hosts that makes them susceptible to various parasites. In addition, we showed no tight association of the L. pyrrhocoris haplotypes and geographical locations (at least, considering the relatively small scale of locations in Austria) implying that the natural populations of L. pyrrhocoris are mixed due to the mobility of their firebug hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julia Reichl
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, AGES - Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jan Votýpka
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Hans-Peter Fuehrer
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Ademokoya B, Athey K, Ruberson J. Natural Enemies and Biological Control of Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in North America. INSECTS 2022; 13:932. [PMID: 36292880 PMCID: PMC9604258 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stink bugs comprise a significant and costly pest complex for numerous crops in the US, including row crops, vegetables, and tree fruits and nuts. Most management relies on the use of broad-spectrum and disruptive insecticides with high human and environmental risks associated with them. Growing concerns about pesticide resistance in stink bugs are forcing pest managers to explore safer and more sustainable options. Here, we review the diverse suite of natural enemies of stink bugs in the US, noting that the egg and the late nymphal and adult stages of stink bugs are the most commonly attacked by parasitoids, whereas eggs and young nymphs are the stages most commonly attacked by predators. The effectiveness of stink bugs' natural enemies varies widely with stink bug species and habitats, influencing the biological control of stink bugs across crops. Historically, biological control of stink bugs has focused on introduction of exotic natural enemies against exotic stink bugs. Conservation and augmentation methods of biological control have received less attention in the US, although there may be good opportunities to utilize these approaches. We identify some considerations for the current and future use of biological control for stink bugs, including the potential for area-wide management approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessing Ademokoya
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, West Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Jay, FL 32565, USA
| | - Kacie Athey
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - John Ruberson
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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Grodowitz MJ, Gundersen-Rindal DE, Elliott B, Evans R, Sparks ME, Reed DA, Miles GP, Allen ML, Perring TM. Trypanosomatids Associated in the Alimentary Canal of Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2022; 22:12. [PMID: 35134189 PMCID: PMC8824451 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieab110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) is an invasive pest of economically important crops in the United States. During physiological investigations of B. hilaris, a flagellated protozoan was discovered in the alimentary canal of many specimens. This manuscript characterizes the morphology and molecular identification of the trypanosomatid, which appears similar to trypanosomatids identified in other stink bug species. It has been identified as a species in the Blastocrithidia genus based on morphological characteristics and molecular analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Grodowitz
- USDA-ARS National Biological Control Laboratory, 59 Lee Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | | | - Brad Elliott
- USDA-ARS National Biological Control Laboratory, 59 Lee Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - Richard Evans
- USDA-ARS National Biological Control Laboratory, 59 Lee Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - Michael E Sparks
- USDA-ARS, Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Darcy A Reed
- Retired from Department of Entomology, University of California–Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Godfrey P Miles
- USDA-ARS National Biological Control Laboratory, 59 Lee Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - Margaret L Allen
- USDA-ARS National Biological Control Laboratory, 59 Lee Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - Thomas M Perring
- Department of Entomology, University of California–Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Martins MF, de Moraes SC, Cohen SC, Cárdenas MQ, Galvão C. First record of a mermithid worm (Nematoda, Mermithidae) parasitizing a third instar nymph of Triatoma sordida (Stål, 1859) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) from Mato Grosso, Brazil. Zookeys 2020; 980:79-91. [PMID: 33192139 PMCID: PMC7642169 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.980.55865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A juvenile specimen of a mermithid (Nematoda) was found parasitizing a third instar nymph of Triatomasordida from Mato Grosso, Brazil. This is the first record of mermithid parasitism in a triatomine species. The Mermithidae represents a family of nematodes that are specialized insect parasites. Entomonematodes are one of the highly influential agents regulating the population dynamics of insects. This report introduces the opportunity to think about mermithids as a possible candidate for use as triatomine biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian Francisca Martins
- Departamento de Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Mato Grosso - SESMT. Amaro Leite, 474, Barra do Garças, MT, 78600-000, Brazil Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Mato Grosso Barra do Garças Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Sinara Cristina de Moraes
- Departamento de Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Mato Grosso - SESMT. Amaro Leite, 474, Barra do Garças, MT, 78600-000, Brazil Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Mato Grosso Barra do Garças Brazil
| | - Simone Chinicz Cohen
- Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Peixes, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, sala 45, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Mato Grosso Barra do Garças Brazil
| | - Melissa Querido Cárdenas
- Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Peixes, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, sala 45, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Mato Grosso Barra do Garças Brazil
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, sala 505, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Stubbins FL, Agudelo P, Reay-Jones FPF, Greene JK. Agamermis (Nematoda: Mermithidae) Infection in South Carolina Agricultural Pests. J Nematol 2017; 48:290-296. [PMID: 28154435 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2017-037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Native and invasive stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and the closely related invasive Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) are agricultural pests in the southeastern United States. Natural enemies, from various phyla, parasitize these pests and contribute to population regulation. We specifically investigated Nematoda infections in pentatomid and plataspid pests in one soybean field in South Carolina in 2015. Nematodes were identified through molecular and morphological methods and assigned to family Mermithidae, genus Agamermis. This study reports mermithid nematode infection in immature M. cribraria for the first time and provides the first mermithid host record for the stink bugs Chinavia hilaris, Euschistus servus, and another Euschistus species, and a grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in South Carolina. The same Agamermis species infected all hosts. The broad host range and prevalence suggests that Agamermis may be an important contributor to natural mortality of pentatomid and plataspid pests. Previous mermithid host records for the Pentatomidae and Plataspidae worldwide are summarized. Further work is needed to assess the impact of infection on populations over a broader range of agricultural fields and geographic localities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca L Stubbins
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Edisto Research and Education Center, Clemson University, 64 Research Road, Blackville, SC 29817
| | - Paula Agudelo
- Plant Nematology Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - Francis P F Reay-Jones
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Clemson University, 2200 Pocket Road, Florence, SC 29506
| | - Jeremy K Greene
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Edisto Research and Education Center, Clemson University, 64 Research Road, Blackville, SC 29817
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Stubbins F, Agudelo P, Reay-Jones F, Greene J. First report of a mermithid nematode infecting the invasive Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) in the United States. J Invertebr Pathol 2015; 127:35-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Dollet M, Sturm NR, Campbell DA. The internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal RNA genes in plant trypanosomes (Phytomonas spp.) resolves 10 groups. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2012; 12:299-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gurski KC, Ebbert MA. Host age, but not host location within a stream, is correlated with the prevalence of gut parasites in water striders. J Parasitol 2003; 89:529-34. [PMID: 12880253 DOI: 10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0529:habnhl]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested for correlations between the geographic, demographic, and temporal distribution of an aquatic insect host and the prevalence of its gut parasites in southwestern Ohio. Trypanosomatids were present in Aquarius remigis collected from all 4 streams surveyed in the watershed. Prevalence declined dramatically from May to July and remained low through the fall. This pattern was consistent over all sites of our study, with no effect of stream, stream site (upstream vs. downstream), or host sex on prevalence. Stage, however, was strongly correlated with prevalence; adults were more likely to be infected than were nymphs. We argue that behavioral differences between the 2 age classes may account for the decline in prevalence; opportunities for transmission are highest in the spring, when mating activities increase adult host contact rates, and decline in the summer, when contact rates decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kata C Gurski
- Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, USA.
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