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Sokale IO, Montealegre JR, Oluyomi AO, Thrift AP. Trends and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Predictors of Cervical Cancer Screening among US Women Ages 30-64 Years. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:82-90. [PMID: 36306382 PMCID: PMC9839647 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer screening (CCS) participation has decreased in the United States over the last several decades, contributing to cervical cancer's sustained incidence and mortality. This study examined recent trends and racial/ethnic differences in predictors of CCS uptake among US women. METHODS We analyzed combined data from the 2016 to 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and included 235,713 women ages 30 to 64 years without a hysterectomy. We used simple linear regression to assess trends over time and multivariable logistic regression models to evaluate racial/ethnic differences in predictors of up-to-date CCS. RESULTS We found little change in CCS over the 5-year interval and screening rates disparities among racial minority women. The overall population showed stable CCS completion rates from 2016 to 2018 (84.2% vs. 84.6%), and then a small dip from 2018 to 2020 (from 84.6% to 83.3%). Despite a slight decline in 2020, HPV-based testing increased significantly among all subgroups and overall, from 2016 to 2020 (from 43.4% to 52.7%). Multivariable regression models showed racial/ethnic differences in predictors of CCS. Across all racial/ethnic subgroups, older women were less likely to receive timely screening. Women who had routine check-ups had higher odds of being up to date. However, the link between CCS and socioeconomic status varied. CONCLUSIONS Age and racial/ethnic disparities persist in CCS, and predictors of screening vary. Notwithstanding, routine health examinations was positively associated with screening regardless of race/ethnicity. IMPACT Our analyses suggest that leveraging primary care to optimize CCS uptake may reduce gaps in screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itunu O. Sokale
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jane R. Montealegre
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Abiodun O. Oluyomi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aaron P. Thrift
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Yurtçu E, Doğan RA, Karaaslan B, Mutlu S. Relationship between awareness of cervical cancer and HPV infection and attitudes towards HPV vaccine among women aged 15-49 years: a cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2022; 140:349-355. [PMID: 35507990 PMCID: PMC9671255 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0145.27072021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is a type of cancer caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between awareness of cervical cancer and HPV infection and attitudes towards HPV vaccine among women aged 15-49 years. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional study conducted at Karabük Training and Research Hospital, Turkey. METHODS 500 women who visited the gynecology outpatient clinic of a public hospital between July 15 and December 31, 2019, were selected through random sampling. Data were collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire comprising nine questions (created by the researchers), the HPV and Cervical Cancer Awareness Questionnaire and the Carolina HPV Immunization Attitudes and Beliefs Scale. RESULTS The relationship between the awareness questionnaire and the beliefs scale was explained through simple effect modeling of a structural equation. The women's knowledge score regarding cervical cancer and HPV infection was 4.69 ± 4.02 out of 15. Women were afraid of being diagnosed with cervical cancer and HPV infection, but they did not have sufficient information. They had poor information about the HPV vaccine, did not know how to obtain the vaccine and did not have enough information about its benefits and harmful effects. Women who were afraid of getting cervical cancer, and who thought that they were at risk, had more information about the HPV vaccine. CONCLUSION Women need information about cervical cancer, HPV infection and the HPV vaccine. Midwives, nurses and physicians who provide healthcare services in gynecological follow-ups should provide information to women about the HPV vaccine and cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Yurtçu
- PhD. Assistant Professor, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Karabük University, Karabük, Turkey.
| | - Reyhan Aydın Doğan
- PhD. Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karabük University, Karabük, Turkey.
| | - Büşra Karaaslan
- BSc. Midwife, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Sibel Mutlu
- PhD. Gynecology and Obstetrics Specialist, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Private Yüzyıl Hospitals, Pendik, Istanbul.
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Başer E, Onat T, Aydoğan Kırmızı D, Demir Çaltekin M, Kara M, Yalvaç ES. Awareness of women about cervical smear, human papilloma virus and human papilloma virus vaccine. Turk J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 16:193-198. [PMID: 31673473 PMCID: PMC6792053 DOI: 10.4274/tjod.galenos.2019.29795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the awareness level of women about cervical smears, human papilloma virus (HPV), and HPV vaccine in a rural city in the central part of Anatolia. Materials and Methods: A total of 553 patients were included in the study. A 16 item questionnaire developed by our group was completed by all participants. The first part of the questionnaire collected the demographic and socioeconomic information of the participants. In the second part, it was questioned whether this information had a relationship with HPV, HPV vaccine awareness, and cervical screening tests. In the third part, the participants were asked questions related to the acceptance of an HPV vaccine for themselves and their willingness to give consent to have their children vaccinated. Results: In our study, it was found that HPV awareness significantly increased with the level of education, occupational status and total monthly family income (p<0.001). There was a significant increase in HPV vaccine awareness as the parity (p=0.016), level of education (p=0.025), and occupational status (p=0.001) increased. Having a Pap smear significantly increased with age, income, and number of parity (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our study revealed that only 9.8% of the women had knowledge about HPV, the majority of the women reported that they would accept vaccination for themselves and for their children. These results indicate that physicians should pay attention to increasing the awareness about HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Başer
- Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Taylan Onat
- Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Demet Aydoğan Kırmızı
- Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Melike Demir Çaltekin
- Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kara
- Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Ethem Serdar Yalvaç
- Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yozgat, Turkey
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Lim MT, Lim YMF, Tong SF, Sivasampu S. Age, sex and primary care setting differences in patients' perception of community healthcare seeking behaviour towards health services. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224260. [PMID: 31634373 PMCID: PMC6802842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the potential determinants of community healthcare seeking behaviour helps in improving healthcare utilisation and health outcomes within different populations. This in turn will aid the development of healthcare policies and planning for prevention, early diagnosis and management of health conditions. OBJECTIVE To evaluate patients' perception of community healthcare seeking behaviour towards both acute and preventive physical and psychosocial health concerns by sex, age and type of primary care setting (as a proxy for affordability of healthcare). METHODS A total of 3979 patients from 221 public and 239 private clinics in Malaysia were interviewed between June 2015 and February 2016 using a patient experience survey questionnaire from the Quality and Cost of Primary Care cross-sectional study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for the complex survey design was used. RESULTS After adjusting for covariates, more women than men perceived that most people would see their general practitioners for commonly consulted acute and preventive physical and some psychosocial health concerns such as stomach pain (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 1.64; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.22-2.21), sprained ankle (AOR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.06-1.56), anxiety (AOR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.12-1.55), domestic violence (AOR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.13-1.62) and relationship problems (AOR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.02-1.51). There were no significant differences in perceived healthcare seeking behaviour by age groups except for the removal of a wart (AOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.12-1.76). Patients who visited the public clinics had generally higher perception of community healthcare seeking behaviour for both acute and preventive physical and psychosocial health concerns compared to those who went to private clinics. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that sex and healthcare affordability differences were present in perceived community healthcare seeking behaviour towards primary care services. Also perceived healthcare seeking behaviour were consistently lower for psychosocial health concerns compared to physical health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tsuey Lim
- Centre for Clinical Outcomes Research, Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Bandar Setia Alam, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Yvonne Mei Fong Lim
- Centre for Clinical Outcomes Research, Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Bandar Setia Alam, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seng Fah Tong
- Department of Family Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sheamini Sivasampu
- Centre for Clinical Outcomes Research, Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Bandar Setia Alam, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Pap Testing in a High-Income Country with Suboptimal Compliance Levels: A Survey on Acceptance Factors among Sicilian Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15091804. [PMID: 30131461 PMCID: PMC6165068 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer screening is uncommon, especially in low-income countries and among lower socioeconomic status people in high-income countries. The aims of this study were to examine the adherence of Sicilian women to Pap testing and to identify the determinants of this in a population with a secondary prevention attitude lower than high-income countries and the national average. A cross-sectional study called “Save Eva in Sicily” was conducted among all women aged 25–64 years, with a sample drawn by the list of general practitioners (GPs), using a proportional sampling scheme, stratified by age and resident population. The study outcome was performing a Pap test within the past three years. The association between the outcome and Pap test determinants was analyzed through a multivariable logistic regression. Among the 365 interviewed women, 66% (n = 243) had a Pap test during the last 3 years. On the other hand, 18% of the other women (n = 66) had performed at least one Pap test previously and 16% (n = 56) had never had a Pap test. In a multivariable model, GPs’ advice (adjusted OR 2.55; 95% CI 1.57–4.14) and perceived susceptibility (adjusted OR 3.24; 95% CI 1.92–5.48) increased the likelihood of the execution of a Pap test. The “Save Eva in Sicily” study identified GP advice and perceived cancer severity as the main correlates of Pap testing among Sicilian women, producing evidence regarding how policy makers can increase compliance. Interventions to increase Pap test adhesion should focus on stimulating GPs to identify patients who regularly do not undergo it and to recommend testing on a regular basis to their patients.
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Larasati L, Afiyanti Y, Rahmah H, Milanti A. Women’s knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors toward the prevention of human papillomavirus transmission. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1130-8621(18)30065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hope KA, Moss E, Redman CWE, Sherman SM. Psycho-social influences upon older women's decision to attend cervical screening: A review of current evidence. Prev Med 2017; 101:60-66. [PMID: 28502577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide (WHO, 2016). In many developed countries the incidence of cervical cancer has been significantly reduced by the introduction of organised screening programmes however, in the UK, a fall in screening coverage is becoming a cause for concern. Much research attention has been afforded to younger women but age stratified mortality and incidence data suggest that older women's screening attendance is also worthy of study. This paper provides a review of current evidence concerning the psycho-social influences that older women experience when deciding whether to attend cervical screening. Few studies have focussed on older women and there are significant methodological issues with those that have included them in their samples. Findings from these studies indicate several barriers which may deter older women from screening, such as embarrassment and logistical issues. Drivers to screening include reassurance and a sense of obligation. Physical, social and emotional changes that occur as women age may also have an impact on attendance. This review concludes that there is a clear need for better understanding of the perceptions of older women specifically with regard to cervical cancer and screening. Future research should inform the design of targeted interventions and provision of information to enable informed decision-making regarding cervical screening among older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty A Hope
- School of Psychology, Keele University, Keele, Staffs ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Esther Moss
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Charles W E Redman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 6QG, UK
| | - Susan M Sherman
- School of Psychology, Keele University, Keele, Staffs ST5 5BG, UK.
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Gallagher S, Deal A, Ballard D, Mayer D. Oropharyngeal Cancer and HPV: Measuring Knowledge and Impact Among Survivors of Head and Neck Cancer. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2017. [DOI: 10.1188/17.cjon.321-330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lin YJ, Fan LW, Tu YC. Perceived Risk of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Cancer among Adolescent Women in Taiwan. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2016; 10:45-50. [PMID: 27021834 DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE High-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) are a critical etiologic factor behind cervical cancer. Adolescents are a vulnerable group for HPV infection. However, the literature on adolescent women for HPV infection and cervical cancer is limited. This study was to investigate HPV-related knowledge and perceived risk of HPV infection and cervical cancer among Taiwanese adolescent women in order to assess intervention strategies for prevention of cervical cancer and maintenance of reproductive health. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study design was implemented. There were 610 adolescent women from three colleges in Southern Taiwan who participated in this study. Data were collected using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey. RESULTS The results showed that the percentage of appropriate answers to HPV-related knowledge questions was only 36.8%, and smoking as the leading cause of cervical cancer received the lowest mean score for appropriate answers among the HPV-related knowledge items. The perceived risk of HPV infection and cervical cancer were moderate, with relatively lower susceptibility to infection with HPV than to cervical cancer (p < .001). Only 11.5% of the participants reported that they had received information about HPV vaccination from healthcare professionals. CONCLUSIONS Participants lacked a comprehensive understanding of cervical cancer prevention and were not aware of their susceptibility to HPV infection. Adolescent women rarely obtained HPV-related information from healthcare professionals. Appropriate education strategies should be developed and conducted by healthcare professionals to reduce the risk of cervical cancer threat from adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jung Lin
- Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lir-Wan Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Yu-Ching Tu
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Life Science, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a three-part framework of information engagement for situated gynecological cancers. These particular cancers intertwine with medicalization of sexuality and gender power dynamics, situating information behaviors and interactions in women’s socio-health perceptions. Using Kavanagh and Broom’s feminist risk framework, the framework establishes functional and temporal parameters for sense-making and information engagement.
Design/methodology/approach
– This paper employs a structured, reiterative literature review with emergent thematic analysis. Nine indices from medicine, information studies, and sociology were searched using combinations of five terms on cervical cancer (CC) and 14 terms on information engagement in the title, abstract, and subject fields. Results were examined on a reiterative basis to identify emergent themes pertaining to knowledge development and information interactions.
Findings
– Environmentally, social stigma and gender roles inhibit information seeking; normalizing CC helps integrate medical, moral, and sexual information. Internally, living with the dichotomy between “having” a body and “being” a body requires high-trust information resources that are presented gradually. Actively, choosing to make or cede medical decision-making requires personally relevant information delivered in the form of concrete facts and explanations.
Research limitations/implications
– The study covers only one country.
Originality/value
– This study’s information framework and suggestions for future research encourage consideration of gender power dynamics, medicalization of sexuality, and autonomy in women’s health information interactions.
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Choi SY. Development of an educational program to prevent cervical cancer among immigrants in Korea. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:5345-9. [PMID: 24175823 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.9.5345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study developed and measured the effects of a cervical cancer prevention program for married women immigrants. MATERIALS AND METHODS A nonequivalent control group pre-test/post-test design was used with a group of married women immigrants registered at the multi-cultural center in the city of "J. " Data on for 30 participants in the intervention group and 27 participants in the control group (N=57) were used for analysis. The intervention group attended a 4-session cervical cancer prevention program. RESULTS The knowledge of the intervention and control groups about cervical cancer post-intervention was significantly different (F=12.55, p<0.001). The perceived susceptibility score before and after the experiment, for the intervention group, and 29.4 and 28 for the control group, was significantly different (t=2.063, p=0.043). After the program, cancer prevention behavior was significantly different in the intervention group (t=2.646, p=0.010). CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in this study indicate that the cervical cancer preventive program was effective in increasing cervical cancer knowledge, perceived susceptibility, and cancer prevention behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Choi
- College of Nursing, Institute of Health Science, Gyeong-Sang National University, Chinju, Republic of Korea E-mail :
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Yoo MS. Knowledge Level of Human Papillomavirus, Cervical Cancer and Vaccination Status among Mothers with Daughters in High School. KOREAN JOURNAL OF WOMEN HEALTH NURSING 2014; 20:105-114. [PMID: 37684785 DOI: 10.4069/kjwhn.2014.20.1.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to examine knowledge level of human papillomavirus (HPV), cervical cancer, and vaccination status among Korean mothers' with a daughter in high school. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with a convenience sample of 234 Korean mothers. RESULTS The mean score of HPV knowledge level was 4.21 out of 20, and cervical cancer knowledge was 3.88 out of 7. There were low levels of daughters' who received HPV vaccination (3.8%) and high levels of mothers' intention to get their daughters' vaccinated with HPV (85.0%). The major barrier to HPV vaccination was the concern for side effect from the vaccination. The most effective recommendation for HPV vaccination came from health care providers. CONCLUSION HPV educational programs targeting mothers of daughters in high school is needed. Future studies need to determine actual HPV vaccination rates and factors related to high uptake using a larger sample from various socioeconomic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Sook Yoo
- College of Nursing, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
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Moore de Peralta A, Holaday B, McDonell JR. Factors Affecting Hispanic Women’s Participation in Screening for Cervical Cancer. J Immigr Minor Health 2014; 17:684-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s10903-014-9997-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tu YC, Wang HH. An exploration of human papillomavirus-related cervical cancer prevention experiences among college women: a descriptive qualitative approach. J Clin Nurs 2013; 22:3300-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Tu
- College of Nursing; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Nursing; Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hung Wang
- College of Nursing; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
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Reis N, Bebis H, Kose S, Sis A, Engin R, Yavan T. Knowledge, behavior and beliefs related to cervical cancer and screening among Turkish women. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:1463-70. [PMID: 22799349 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.4.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to explore Turkish women's knowledge, behavior and beliefs related to cervical cancer and screening. METHODS The study was performed in two cities in the East of Turkey between September 2009 and April 2010, with a sampling group of 387 women. Data were collected by means of an interview form with the Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test - Turkish Version. RESULTS Women in the research group were found to have poor knowledge, inadequate health behavior and low/medium level false beliefs regarding cervical cancer screening. There was relation between health beliefs and characteristics of women and particularly education (F = 10.80, p = 0.01). Similarly, it was found that Pap smear barriers were influenced by demographic characteristics and that women with low-level education (p = 0.001), divorced women (p = 0.05), women with low-income(p = 0.05), women who gave their first birth when they were 18 or younger (p = 0.05) and women not applying any contraceptive method at all (p = 0.01) were determined to have negative Pap smear barriers. CONCLUSIONS Primarily the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of women in the target group should be evaluated to increase their participation in cervical cancer screening and to prepare effective education strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin Reis
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Montgomery K, Smith-Glasgow ME. Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer knowledge, health beliefs, and preventive practices in 2 age cohorts: a comparison study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 9:S55-66. [PMID: 22340641 DOI: 10.1016/j.genm.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States and a known precursor of cervical cancer. Recent studies suggest a bimodal HPV prevalence for women in 2 age groups: 19 to 26 and 40 to 70. HPV and cervical cancer knowledge has yet to be investigated in the older population of women. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the HPV and cervical cancer knowledge, health beliefs, and preventive practices in women in these 2 age groups. METHODS This study used a cross-sectional, descriptive design. A convenience sample of 300 women in 2 age groups was recruited from 3 ambulatory obstetrics and gynecology practices in Philadelphia, Pa. Participants completed the Awareness of HPV and Cervical Cancer Questionnaire to determine their HPV and cervical cancer knowledge, health beliefs, and preventive practices. RESULTS A total of 280 responses (131 for the age group 19-26 years and 149 for the age group 40-70 years) were received. Significant differences were found between the 2 groups in knowledge (P = 0.010) only, but not health beliefs (perceived susceptibility [P = 0.111] and perceived seriousness [P = 0.266]). Significant differences in select preventive practices were also noted between these 2 groups. These included Pap smear (P = 0.05), use of condoms (P = 0.002), and use of oral contraception (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There is a remarkable need for age-appropriate HPV and cervical cancer awareness and education for women older than the age of 40. Women's health care providers are perfectly positioned to act as a catalyst to improve HPV and cervical cancer knowledge, health beliefs, and preventive practice to ensure optimal health promotion for all women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kymberlee Montgomery
- Drexel University College of Medicine and College of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA.
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Kessler TA. Increasing mammography and cervical cancer knowledge and screening behaviors with an educational program. Oncol Nurs Forum 2012; 39:61-8. [PMID: 22201656 DOI: 10.1188/12.onf.61-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of using an educational program based on self-efficacy to increase knowledge and create behavior change regarding recommended mammography and Papanicolaou (Pap) test screening guidelines. DESIGN Pretest and post-test, prospective. SETTING An urban county in northern Indiana. SAMPLE 56 women who attended one of four educational programs and 47 women who responded 15 months later. METHODS The one-hour educational programs based on self-efficacy included vicarious experiences and verbal persuasion regarding breast and cervical screening practices. Two programs were offered to local church groups as part of a health fair, and two were offered through health promotion initiatives sponsored by private businesses. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Demographics, knowledge of breast and cervical cancer, and screening behaviors. FINDINGS Knowledge of risk and screening guidelines increased significantly immediately following the educational program (p < 0.001) and did not decrease significantly 15 months later (p = 0.57). Family history and history of human papillomavirus and sexually transmitted diseases were the top known risk factors for breast and cervical cancers, respectively. Participant-reported rates of screening behaviors increased 15 months later for mammography (100%) and Pap test (84%). CONCLUSIONS Educational interventions based on self-efficacy increased knowledge of breast and cervical health and helped increase the rate of mammography and Pap tests. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Preparing women with strategies to complete a mammogram and Pap test is an important approach to enhancing self-efficacy and increasing screening behaviors.
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