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Carretero JM, Rodríguez L, García-González R, Arsuaga JL. Main morphological characteristics and sexual dimorphism of hominin adult femora from the Sima de los Huesos Middle Pleistocene site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:2575-2605. [PMID: 37794824 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The excellent fossil record from Sima de los Huesos (SH) includes three well-known complete adult femora and several partial specimens that have not yet been published in detail. This fossil record provides an opportunity to analyze the morphology of European pre-Neandertal adult femur and its variation with different evolution patterns. Currently, there are a minimum of five adult individuals (males or females). In this study, we compiled previously published basic anatomical and biometric characteristics of SH adult femora, emphasizing the most relevant features compared to other recent and fossil hominins. The SH femora exhibited a primitive morphological pattern common to all non-Homo sapiens femora, as well as most of the Neandertal traits. Therefore, the complete Upper Pleistocene Neandertal pattern was well-established in Middle Pleistocene ancestors long before the proper Neandertals appeared. Additionally, we highlight that the SH and Neandertal femora share some morphological traits and proportions with modern humans that hold sexual significance in our species, regardless of size. Keeping this in mind, we discussed the sex determination of the complete SH specimens and re-evaluated sex allocation in two of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Miguel Carretero
- Dpto. de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
- Unidad Asociada de I+D+i al CSIC, Vidrio y Materiales del Patrimonio Cultural (VIMPAC), Burgos, Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Dpto. de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
- Area de Antropología Física, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Rebeca García-González
- Dpto. de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Juan-Luis Arsuaga
- Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Departamento de Paleontología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Banyeh M, Bani SB, Pathak R, Yakubu DD, Amankwaah E, Ahmed L. Sex estimation from the percutaneous lengths of the femur and the ulna in a Ghanaian population using discriminant function analysis. CANADIAN SOCIETY OF FORENSIC SCIENCE JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2022.2028358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moses Banyeh
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Simon Bannison Bani
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Rahul Pathak
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dennis Dogara Yakubu
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Nasarawa State Polytechnic, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Amankwaah
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Lukeman Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
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Chatterjee PM, Krishan K, Singh RK, Kanchan T. Sex estimation from the femur using discriminant function analysis in a Central Indian population. MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND THE LAW 2020; 60:112-121. [PMID: 32050848 DOI: 10.1177/0025802419900576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism is one of the major factors responsible for apparent variations in human skeletal anatomy. Establishing the biological profile of the deceased is essential for personal identification in forensic and archaeological casework. To develop a reliable biological profile, sex allocation is an integral step required to determine age, race/ancestry and stature, given observable differences in aging and growth patterns and variations in morphological traits relating to ancestry. Sex estimation from long bones by visual examination is very difficult. However, metric observations are more objective and effective. This osteometric analysis focused on sex estimation from the femur using discriminant function analysis. Fourteen measurements were taken directly on 175 dry femora (117 males and 58 females), aged 20–60 years, from the Chhattisgarh region of Central India. Student’s t-test was applied to assess significant sex and size differences. Direct and stepwise discriminant function analyses were applied to derive discriminant function models for sex estimation. The three parameters that were selected for the discriminant function analysis included: transverse head diameter, bi-trochanteric distance and maximum shaft diameter. Males were more accurately classified than females. An overall accuracy of 80.6% was reported with direct discriminant function analysis and 76% with stepwise discriminant function analysis upon cross-validation. The transverse head diameter emerged to be the best predictor of sex. This study provides a database and standards for sex estimation from skeletal remains of an unknown nature based on discriminant function equations. This is one of the few studies conducted in India on dry bones, and we anticipate that it will guide forensic specialists in the identification of unknown skeletons from this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetika M Chatterjee
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh State, India
| | - Kewal Krishan
- Department of Anthropology (UGC Centre of Advanced Study), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - R K Singh
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Pt. J.N.M. Medical College, Raipur, Government of Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Tanuj Kanchan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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Fliss B, Luethi M, Fuernstahl P, Christensen AM, Sibold K, Thali M, Ebert LC. CT-based sex estimation on human femora using statistical shape modeling. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 169:279-286. [PMID: 30927271 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Estimating the sex of decomposed corpses and skeletal remains of unknown individuals is one of the first steps in the identification process in forensic contexts. Although various studies have considered the femur for sex estimation, the focus has primarily been on a specific single or a handful of measurements rather than the entire shape of the bone. In this article, we use statistical shape modeling (SSM) for sex estimation. We hypothesize that the accuracy of sex estimation will be improved by using the entire shape. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this study, we acquired a total of 61 femora from routine postmortem CT scans at the Institute for Forensic Medicine of the University of Zurich. The femora were extracted using segmentation technique. After building a SSM, we used the linear regression and nonlinear support vector machine technique for classification. RESULTS Using linear logistic regression and only the first principal component of the SSM, 76% of the femora were correctly classified by sex. Using the first five principal components, this value could be increased to 80%. Using nonlinear support vector machines and the first 20 principal components increased the rate of correctly classified femora to 87%. DISCUSSION Despite some limitations, the results obtained by using SSM for sex estimation in femur were promising and confirm the findings of other studies. Sex estimation accuracy, however, is not significantly improved over single or multiple linear measurements. Further research might improve the sex determination process in forensic anthropology by using SSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Fliss
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Luethi
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Fuernstahl
- Universitätsklinik Balgrist, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ken Sibold
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Thali
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lars C Ebert
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,3D Center Zurich, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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Baryah N, Krishan K, Kanchan T. The development and status of forensic anthropology in India: A review of the literature and future directions. MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND THE LAW 2019; 59:61-69. [PMID: 30661453 DOI: 10.1177/0025802418824834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Forensic anthropology deals with the identification of human remains in a legal setting. The primary role of a forensic anthropologist is to evaluate human skeletal remains and ascertain the biological profile of the deceased. Forensic anthropologists thus use their expertise to assist medical examiners, as well as law enforcement agencies. Forensic anthropology was not recognised as a subject specialty of much significance in most parts of the world for a long time. However, now its status has changed, mostly in the USA and parts of Europe. The scope of the subject ranges from evaluation of human skeletal remains to the identification of the living. In the new millennium, the role of forensic anthropologists includes disaster victim identification, photographic superimposition, facial image reconstruction in CCTV footage, gait pattern analysis from video surveillance, ascertaining the age of an individual in absence of legal documents and paedo-pornographic materials. Despite its relevance in human identification, the development of forensic anthropology in India is not very encouraging. Only a few institutions in India include forensic anthropology as a part of the forensic science degree programme, and there are no certified courses in anthropology either. Likewise, there are limited employment opportunities for forensic anthropologists in medical institutes/organisations/universities. This comprehensive review focuses on the status and development of forensic anthropology in India and emphasises the need for its recognition as a specialty of significance. The article also throws light on the comparison of its status in the Indian context vis a vis developed nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Baryah
- 1 Department of Anthropology (UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Anthropology), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kewal Krishan
- 1 Department of Anthropology (UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Anthropology), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Tanuj Kanchan
- 2 Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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Gaya-Sancho B, Alemán Aguilera I, Navarro-Muñoz JJ, Botella López M. Sex determination in a Spanish population based on sacrum. J Forensic Leg Med 2018; 60:45-49. [PMID: 30312874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sex determination is one of the essential steps when it comes to establishing an individual's biological profile. It is important in both archaeology and forensic studies. The sacrum is not generally conserved, but in cases where it is, it can be used for determination of the sex of skeletal remains. Furthermore, the sacrum is not a commonly studied bone and has not been studied in a Spanish population. For this study, measurements of 170 sacra of individuals from the contemporary osteological collection of San José from Granada including only the adults were taken. Measurements based on the anatomical regions of the sacra were established in order to obtain some regression formulas to determine sex. Our results show that the Superior Transverse Line and Right Lateral Sacral Crest are the most dimorphic structures, achieving a 74% rate of correct classification of sex in a univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, when the mentioned variables were combined, an 81.41% rate of correct classification was achieved. Our results show that our method can be applied with other methods at the same time to determine the sex of individuals in forensic and archaeological contexts.
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Li K, Cavaignac E, Xu W, Cheng Q, Telmon N, Huang W. Morphometric evaluation of the knee in Chinese population reveals sexual dimorphism and age-related differences. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2018; 42:2349-2356. [PMID: 29464370 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-018-3826-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Morphologic data of the knee is very important in the design of total knee prostheses. Generally, the designs of the total knee prostheses are based on the knee anatomy of Caucasian population. Moreover, in forensic medicine, a person's age and sex might be estimated by the shape of their knees. The aim of this study is to utilize three-dimensional morphometric analysis of the knee in Chinese population to reveal sexual dimorphism and age-related differences. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sexually dimorphic differences and age-related differences of the distal femur were studied by using geometric morphometric analysis of ten osteometric landmarks on three-dimensional reconstructions of 259 knees in Chinese population. General Procrustes analysis, PCA, and other discriminant analysis such as Mahalanobis and Goodall's F test were conducted for the knee to identify sexually dimorphism and age-related differences of the knee. RESULTS The shape of distal femur between the male and female is significantly different. A difference between males and females in distal femur shape was identified by PCA; PC1 and PC2 accounted for 61.63% of the variance measured. The correct sex was assigned in 84.9% of cases by CVA, and the cross-validation revealed a 81.1% rate of correct sex estimation. The osteometric analysis also showed significant differences between the three age-related subgroups (< 40, 40-60, > 60 years, p < 0.005). CONCLUSION This study showed both sex-related difference and age-related difference in the distal femur in Chinese population by 3D geometric morphometric analysis. Our bone measurements and geometric morphometric analysis suggest that population characteristics should be taken into account and may provide references for design of total knee prostheses in a Chinese population. Moreover, this reliable, accurate method could be used to perform diachronic and interethnic comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Etienne Cavaignac
- Institut de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allée Jules Guesdes, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nobert Telmon
- Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allée Jules Guesdes, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Sex determination from calcaneus in Gujarati population by discriminant function analysis. J ANAT SOC INDIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jasi.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Ubelaker DH, DeGaglia CM. Population variation in skeletal sexual dimorphism. Forensic Sci Int 2017; 278:407.e1-407.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cavaignac E, Savall F, Chantalat E, Faruch M, Reina N, Chiron P, Telmon N. Geometric morphometric analysis reveals age-related differences in the distal femur of Europeans. J Exp Orthop 2017; 4:21. [PMID: 28608283 PMCID: PMC5468359 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-017-0095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have looked into age-related variations in femur shape. We hypothesized that three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometric analysis of the distal femur would reveal age-related differences. The purpose of this study was to show that differences in distal femur shape related to age could be identified, visualized, and quantified using three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometric analysis. Methods Geometric morphometric analysis was carried out on CT scans of the distal femur of 256 subjects living in the south of France. Ten landmarks were defined on 3D reconstructions of the distal femur. Both traditional metric and geometric morphometric analyses were carried out on these bone reconstructions. These analyses were used to identify trends in bone shape in various age-based subgroups (<40, 40–60, >60). Results Only the average bone shape of the < 40-year subgroup was statistically different from that of the other two groups. When the population was divided into two subgroups using 40 years of age as a threshold, the subject's age was correctly assigned 80% of the time. Discussion Age-related differences are present in this bone segment. This reliable, accurate method could be used for virtual autopsy and to perform diachronic and interethnic comparisons. Moreover, this study provides updated morphometric data for a modern population in the south of France. Conclusion Manufacturers of knee replacement implants will have to adapt their prosthesis models as the population evolves over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Cavaignac
- Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allée Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France. .,Institut de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, CHU Toulouse, France.
| | - Frederic Savall
- Institut de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Elodie Chantalat
- Laboratoire d'anatomie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Faruch
- Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allée Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.,Institut de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Reina
- Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allée Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.,Institut de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Chiron
- Institut de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Norbert Telmon
- Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allée Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France
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Cavaignac E, Li K, Faruch M, Savall F, Chiron P, Huang W, Telmon N. Three-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis reveals ethnic dimorphism in the shape of the femur. J Exp Orthop 2017; 4:13. [PMID: 28466436 PMCID: PMC5413466 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-017-0088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ethnic dimorphism in the distal femur has never been studied in a three-dimensional analysis focused on shape instead of size. Yet, this dimorphism has direct implications in orthopedic surgery and in anthropology. The goal of this study was to show that differences in distal femur shape related to ethnic dimorphism could be identified, visualized, and quantified using 3D geometric morphometric analysis. Methods CT scans of the distal femur were taken from 482 patients who were free of any bone-related pathology: 240 patients were European (E) and 242 were Asian (A). Ten osteometric landmarks based on standard bone landmarks used in anthropometry were placed on these scans. Geometric morphometric analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), canonical variates analysis (CVA), and other discriminant analyses (Goodall’s F-test and Mahalanobis distance) were performed. A cross-validation analysis was carried out to determine the percentage of cases in which the ethnicity was correctly estimated. Results The shape of the E and A distal femur differed significantly (Goodall’s F = 94.43, P < 0.001 and Mahalanobis D2 distance = 1.85, P < 0.001). PCA identified a difference in distal femur shape between A and E. The CVA revealed that correct ethnicity was assigned in 82% of cases and the cross-validation revealed a 75% rate of correct ethnic group estimation. Conclusion The distal femur exhibits ethnic dimorphism. 3D geometric morphometric analysis made it possible to demonstrate these differences. The large number of subjects studied has helped modernize the references for certain bone measurements, with direct implication for orthopedic surgery and anthropology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Cavaignac
- Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allée Jules Guesdes, 31000, Toulouse, France. .,Institut de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Toulouse, CHU, France.
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Marie Faruch
- Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allée Jules Guesdes, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Frederic Savall
- Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allée Jules Guesdes, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Chiron
- Institut de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Toulouse, CHU, France
| | - W Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Norbert Telmon
- Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allée Jules Guesdes, 31000, Toulouse, France
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Impact of secular trends on sex assessment evaluated through femoral dimensions of the Czech population. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 262:284.e1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cavaignac E, Savall F, Faruch M, Reina N, Chiron P, Telmon N. Geometric morphometric analysis reveals sexual dimorphism in the distal femur. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 259:246.e1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Alunni V, Jardin PD, Nogueira L, Buchet L, Quatrehomme G. Comparing discriminant analysis and neural network for the determination of sex using femur head measurements. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 253:81-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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A new computer-tomography-based method of sex estimation: Development of Turkish population-specific standards. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 255:2-8. [PMID: 26250530 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The identification of victims involved in mass fatality incidents has become an increasingly important issue nowadays, and identification of unknown individuals is an important aspect in criminal cases and Disaster Victim Identification scenarios. Therefore, the sex estimation is one of the most important biological attributes towards establishing personal identity. In addition, several studies have demonstrated that metric sex determination methods of the skeleton are population-specific due to variation in size and patterns of sexual dimorphism. Unfortunately, the modern Turkish population still lacks wide and representative population standards for identification. Previous research has shown that modern technologies, such as CT scanning appear to offer promising means for the establishment of new standards for contemporary populations. The main aim of this project is to examine the application of measurements taken from the femur in order to assess sex, as well as to contribute to the establishment of discriminant function equations for the Turkish population for forensic applications. The sample population was composed of CT images taken from 200 adult hospital patients. The images of the femora were segmented from the surrounding bones to ensure correct usage of landmarks as accurately as possible. The 3D reconstructions were then created using the volume-rendering function in OsiriX (v.5.6.). Thirteen measurements were acquired using a 3D viewer and were located and marked on each of the CT reconstructed femora. Thirteen anthropometric parameters were measured and analysed by basic descriptive statistics and discriminant analysis methods using the SPSS 21.0 software package. The intra-observer variation was assessed by obtaining the inter-cross correlation coefficient in order to evaluate the accuracy of the linear measurements taken. The accuracy of sex prediction ranged from 63.5 to 88% with single variables. In stepwise analysis, Epicondylar Breadth, Femur Vertical Diameter of Neck and Medial Lateral Subtrochanteric Diameter were found to be the most discriminating variables providing an accuracy of 91%. Ultimately, it is envisaged that this research study will produce data and interpretations that will inform on and improve standards of sex estimation from postcranial osteometric landmarks. Additionally, this research will consider how this data provides value for a developing discipline of forensic anthropology and how it integrates within the existing systems of criminal investigation and Disaster Victim Identification practices in Turkey.
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Clavero A, Salicrú M, Turbón D. Sex prediction from the femur and hip bone using a sample of CT images from a Spanish population. Int J Legal Med 2014; 129:373-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-014-1069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Mitra A, Khadijeh B, Vida AP, Ali RN, Farzaneh M, Maryam VF, Vahid Y. Sexing based on measurements of the femoral head parameters on pelvic radiographs. J Forensic Leg Med 2014; 23:70-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Kim DI, Kwak DS, Han SH. Sex determination using discriminant analysis of the medial and lateral condyles of the femur in Koreans. Forensic Sci Int 2013; 233:121-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Estimation of sex from the upper limb measurements of Sudanese adults. J Forensic Leg Med 2013; 20:1041-7. [PMID: 24237816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2013.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kanchan T, Gupta A, Krishan K. Estimation of sex from mastoid triangle – A craniometric analysis. J Forensic Leg Med 2013; 20:855-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ahmed AA. Estimation of sex from the lower limb measurements of Sudanese adults. Forensic Sci Int 2013; 229:169.e1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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