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Klingberg G, Benchimol D, Berlin H, Bring J, Gornitzki C, Odeberg J, Tranæus S, Twetman S, Wernersson E, Östlund P, Domeij H. How old are you? A systematic review investigating the relationship between age and mandibular third molar maturity. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285252. [PMID: 37200251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Radiographic evaluation of the maturity of mandibular third molars is a common method used for age estimation of adolescents and young adults. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the scientific base for the relationship between a fully matured mandibular third molar based on Demirjian's method and chronological age, in order to assess whether an individual is above or below the age of 18 years. METHODS The literature search was conducted in six databases until February 2022 for studies reporting data evaluating the tooth maturity using Demirjian´s method (specifically stage H) within populations ranging from 8 to 30 years (chronological age). Two reviewers screened the titles and abstracts identified through the search strategy independently. All studies of potential relevance according to the inclusion criteria were obtained in full text, after which they were assessed for inclusion by two independent reviewers. Any disagreement was resolved by a discussion. Two reviewers independently evaluated the risk of bias using the assessment tool QUADAS-2 and extracted the data from the studies with low or moderate risk of bias. Logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between chronological age and proportion of subjects with a fully matured mandibular third molar (Demirjian´s tooth stage H). RESULTS A total of 15 studies with low or moderate risk of bias were included in the review. The studies were conducted in 13 countries and the chronological age of the investigated participants ranged from 3 to 27 years and the number of participants ranged between 208 and 5,769. Ten of the studies presented the results as mean age per Demirjian´s tooth stage H, but only five studies showed the distribution of developmental stages according to validated age. The proportion of subjects with a mandibular tooth in Demirjian´s tooth stage H at 18 years ranged from 0% to 22% among males and 0 to 16% in females. Since the studies were too heterogenous to perform a meta-analysis or a meaningful narrative review, we decided to refrain from a GRADE assessment. CONCLUSION The identified literature does not provide scientific evidence for the relationship between Demirjian´s stage H of a mandibular third molar and chronologic age in order to assess if an individual is under or above the age of 18 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunilla Klingberg
- Faculty of Odontology, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Daniel Benchimol
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Henrik Berlin
- Faculty of Odontology, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Carl Gornitzki
- Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Odeberg
- Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia Tranæus
- Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Odontology, Health Technology Assessment-Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Svante Twetman
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emma Wernersson
- Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Östlund
- Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Odontology, Health Technology Assessment-Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Helena Domeij
- Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Odontology, Health Technology Assessment-Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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Giannitto N, Militi A, Sapienza D, Scurria S, Gualniera P, Mondello C, Spagnolo EV, Terranova A, Portelli M, Cervino G, Fiorillo L, Meto A, Alibrandi A, Asmundo A. Application of Third Molar Maturity Index (I3M) for Assessing Adult Age of 18 Years in a Southern Italian Population Sample. Eur J Dent 2022; 17:200-209. [PMID: 35760359 PMCID: PMC9949984 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Age estimation of living or dead individuals has a strategic importance in medicine, anthropology, and forensic science, in the context of mass disasters and in civil or criminal matters such as adoption or asylum. Teeth play a major role in this context in particular, the third molars are useful for determining whether an individual has reached the legal age of 18 years because they are still in development from the age of 14. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, a sample of 307 panoramic radiographs performed on healthy subjects aged between 13 and 23 was analyzed to consider the correlation between the maturity index of the third molar (I3M) and age to verify the reliability of the cutoff 0.08 indicated by Cameriere et al in a sample of Italian subjects living in the Province of Messina (Sicily, South Italy) to discern the adult subjects from the minors. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The analysis of 307 panoramic radiographs resulted in a sensitivity of 89.2% with a confidence interval of 95%, a specificity of 96.5% with a confidence interval of 95%, and a positive predictive value of 96.7%. RESULTS The method proved itself reliable in estimating adulthood in the population of the Messina- Sicily, but the I3M should not be used as the sole indicator to determine whether a person is younger or older than 18 years because age estimation based on dental methods alone has limitations as the third molars suffer from many variations related to their morphology, their location, and their development. CONCLUSION We recommend a combination of several methods that are available to increase accuracy of age estimation, depending on the different legal requirements in civil or criminal cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Giannitto
- School of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Militi
- School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Sapienza
- School of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, Messina, Italy
| | - Serena Scurria
- School of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, Messina, Italy
| | - Patrizia Gualniera
- School of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Mondello
- School of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, Messina, Italy
| | - Elvira Ventura Spagnolo
- School of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Terranova
- School of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Portelli
- School of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cervino
- School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, Messina, Italy,Gabriele Cervino School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messinavia Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 MessinaItaly
| | - Luca Fiorillo
- School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, Messina, Italy,Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Naples, Italy,Department of Dentistry, University of Aldent, Tirana, Albania,Address for correspondence Luca Fiorillo School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messinavia Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 MessinaItaly
| | - Aida Meto
- Endodontic Clinical Section, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economics, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Asmundo
- School of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, Messina, Italy
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Akman H, Surme K, Cimen T, Ayyildiz H. Accuracy of different dental age estimation methods for determining the legal majority of 18 years in the Turkish population. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4537-4547. [PMID: 35194681 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04417-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Radiographic evaluation of the third molar maturation is used to estimate dental age, especially in adolescence. This study aimed to assess the application of three age estimation methods (Cameriere's third molar maturity index (I3M), Demirjian's maturation stages, and The London Atlas) to determine whether an individual is 18 years or older (adult) or younger than 18 years (minor). MATERIALS AND METHODS The dental age was estimated using the I3M, Demirjian's maturation stages, and The London Atlas methods on panoramic radiograms of a total of 500 Turkish individuals aged 14-22 years. A logistic model was derived with an individual's adult or minor status as the dependent variable, and each method and sex as predictive variables. The adult status was determined using dental age estimation methods and the performance of these methods in differentiating adults from minors was evaluated. The three methods were compared case-wise for their accuracy in predicting adult status. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis showed that sex and each estimation method were statistically significant in discriminating adults and minors (p < 0.05). In the case-wise comparison for estimate adulthood, both Demirjian's stages and I3M methods tended to perform better than the London Atlas method, with this trend reaching statistical significance (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Cameriere's I3M and Demirjian's development stages are useful methods for adult age assessment in the tested population. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In forensic medicine and legal practices, Cameriere's I3M and Demirjian's maturation stage methods based on the development of the third molar teeth can be used to determine whether an individual is a minor or an adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayri Akman
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Koray Surme
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Tansu Cimen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Halil Ayyildiz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya, Turkey
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Deitos AR, Costa C, Michel-Crosato E, Galić I, Cameriere R, Biazevic MGH. Age estimation among Brazilians: Younger or older than 18? J Forensic Leg Med 2015; 33:111-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Karadayi B, Kaya A, Afsin H, Ozaslan A, Çetin G. The usage of third molars to determine legally relevant age thresholds in Turkey. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2014.957345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Halicioglu K, Celikoglu M, Buyuk SK, Sekerci AE, Ucar FI, Yavuz I. Three-dimensional evaluation of the mandibular third molars' development in unilateral crossbite patients: A cone beam computed tomography study. Eur J Dent 2014; 8:389-394. [PMID: 25202221 PMCID: PMC4144139 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.137653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim was to investigate mandibular third molar (3M)'s maturation in the crossbite and normal sides by two- and three-dimensional analyses using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed using CBCT of 25 patients (16 females and 9 males; mean age: 16.8 ± 2.9 years) with unilateral posterior crossbite. The formation stages and the volume of the mandibular 3Ms were evaluated by means of CBCT data of the patients without knowing the crossbite side of the patients. Results: Statistically no significant differences were found in the development of the 3Ms between the crossbite and the control sides, whereas the volume of 3M was found to be less in the crossbite side than in the normal side (P = 0.021). Conclusions: A volume of 3M was found to be less in the crossbite side than in the normal side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Halicioglu
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkiye
| | - Mevlut Celikoglu
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkiye
| | | | - Ahmet Ercan Sekerci
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Faruk Izzet Ucar
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkiye
| | - Ibrahim Yavuz
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkiye
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Karadayı B, Afşin H, Ozaslan A, Karadayı S. Development of dental charts according to tooth development and eruption for Turkish children and young adults. Imaging Sci Dent 2014; 44:103-13. [PMID: 24944959 PMCID: PMC4061293 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2014.44.2.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In this study, we aimed to develop dental charts for Turkish children and young adults of both genders within the age group of 4.5-22.5 years according to tooth mineralization and eruption in a format similar to that proposed by AlQahtani et al. Materials and Methods In total, 753 digital panoramic radiographs from 350 males and 403 females were assessed. The permanent teeth were evaluated according to the classification system described by Demirjian et al. The eruption stage was assessed with Bengston's system, which was modified by AlQahtani et al at four points. Results Teeth generally developed earlier in females than in males. This was particularly notable in the age group of 5-14 years. However, this difference was usually visible in only one stage, not in all teeth. It has been determined that the mixed dentition period ended with the shedding of the second deciduous molars in both genders. Conclusion The dental charts presented here included information that could be beneficial to dental clinicians in making appropriate diagnosis and planning orthodontic and surgical procedures. These charts also provided datasets for preliminary dental age estimation in Turkish children and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beytullah Karadayı
- University of Istanbul, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Abdi Ozaslan
- University of Istanbul, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine Department, Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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Permanent first molar extraction in adolescents and young adults and its effect on the development of third molar. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:1489-94. [PMID: 24146200 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of permanent first molar (P1M) extraction among Turkish adolescents and young adult subpopulation, and to investigate the effects of P1M extraction on development of the third molars (3Ms) in the same quadrant. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study including 2,925 panoramic radiographs (PRs) taken from patients (aged 13-20 years) who were examined to identify cases of had at least one maxillary or mandibular P1Ms extracted was performed. Additionally, 294 PRs with the maxillary or mandibular unilateral loss of a P1M were used to assess the developmental grades of the 3Ms. Statistical analyses were performed by means of parametric tests after performing a Shapiro-Wilks normality test to the data. RESULT A total of 945 patients (32.3 %) presented with at least one P1M extraction with no gender difference (P = 0.297). There were more cases of mandibular P1Ms extracted (784 patients, 1,066 teeth) than maxillary P1Ms extracted (441 patients, 549 teeth) (P < 0.001). The development of the 3Ms on the extraction side, in the both maxilla and mandible, was significantly accelerated when compared with the contralateral teeth (P = 0.000, P = 0.000, respectively). No statistically significant differences were found in the differences in the developmental of the 3Ms between the maxilla and mandible (P = 0.718). CONCLUSIONS High prevalence of P1Ms extraction among Turkish adolescents and young adults shows a need for targeted dental actions, including prevention and treatment. The development of the 3Ms on the extraction side, in the both maxilla and mandible, was significantly accelerated. CLINICAL RELEVANCE To date, no information about prevalence of P1Ms extraction among Turkish adolescents and young adults is documented. In addition, the present study has a larger population and complementary information about 3Ms development than previous studies.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this case–control study were to (a) compare the caries experience and oral hygiene, and (b) quantify the persistence of a delay in the dental age in children with cardiac disease and a group of healthy children. METHODS AND MATERIALS The study population comprised a group of 268 3- to 16-year-old children and adolescents with a cardiac disease and a group of 268 age- and sex-matched healthy children and adolescents. Specifically, the decayed, missed, and filled teeth indices, simplified oral hygiene index, and the dental ages of the two groups of children were calculated and then compared. RESULTS Although the oral health of the children with either a congenital or an acquired heart disease was the same as that of the healthy children, there were significant differences in the decayed, missed, and filled teeth indices. Dental ages of the children with a congenital heart disease were significantly lower than those of healthy children. The findings showed that complex univentricular heart diseases had the highest negative impact on dental development (21.1), followed by complex biventricular (20.9), simple surgical (20.5), and mild (20.4) heart disease patients. CONCLUSION Once thorough knowledge of the child’s cardiac status is gained, a definitive dental treatment plan for the child with a cardiac disease can be established.
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Karadayi B, Kaya A, Kolusayın MO, Karadayi S, Afsin H, Ozaslan A. Radiological age estimation: based on third molar mineralization and eruption in Turkish children and young adults. Int J Legal Med 2012; 126:933-42. [PMID: 23010906 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-012-0773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Radiographic evaluation of mineralization and eruption stages of third molars using dental panoramic radiographies can be an efficient tool for chronological age estimation in both forensic sciences and legal medicine. The third molar tooth is utilized for dental age estimation about the age span of 15-23 years because it represents the only tooth still in development. The aim of this study is to obtain and analyze data regarding third molar development and eruption in Turkish population for dental age estimation. A total of 744 dental panoramic radiographies of 394 female and 350 male subjects aged between 8 and 22 years were examined. Third molar development was determined according to the Nolla classification system, and eruption was assessed relative to the alveolar bone level. Mandibular and maxillary third molars were generally found at similar stages of development on both sides. Nolla stage 6 (completed crown calcification) was reached at around the age of 15 in both maxillary and mandibular third molars in both sexes. Alveolar emergence was at around the age of 16 in males and around age of 17 in females. Although third molars' eruption shows greater variability than development of third molars, data which were obtained from this study about eruption of these teeth can be supportive to development data for age estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beytullah Karadayi
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine Department, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, 34303, Turkey
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Nur B, Kusgoz A, Bayram M, Celikoglu M, Nur M, Kayipmaz S, Yildirim S. Validity of demirjian and nolla methods for dental age estimation for Northeastern Turkish children aged 5-16 years old. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012; 17:e871-7. [PMID: 22549686 PMCID: PMC3482536 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.18034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the applicability of Demirjian and Nolla methods for northeastern Turkish population.
Material and Method: A retrospective study was performed on panoramic radiographs of 673 subjects aged 5–15.9 years. The mean dental age (DA) according to the Demirjian and Nolla methods were compared to the mean chronological age (CA).
Results: The mean CA of the study sample was 10.37±2.90 and 10.03±2.81 years for females and males, respectively. Using the Demirjian method, the mean estimated DA was 11.26±3.02 years for females and 10.87±2.96 years for males. For Nolla method, the mean estimated DA was 9.80±3.41 and 9.53±3.14 years for females and males, respectively. The mean differences between the CA and DA according to the Demirjian and Nolla methods were 0.86 and -0.54 years for total study sample.
Conclusion: Nolla method was found to be a more accurate method for estimating DA in northeastern Turkish population.
Key words:Dental age, demirjian method, nolla method, chronological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Nur
- Department of Pedodontics, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Dentistry, Trabzon, Turkey
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