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Holditch Z, Smith AD. Priority determines Tribolium competitive outcome in a food-limited environment. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235289. [PMID: 32645709 PMCID: PMC7347400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flour beetles are a classic model system for studying competitive dynamics between species occupying the same ecological niche. Competitive performance is often interpreted in terms of biological species traits such as fecundity, resource use, and predation. However, many studies only measure competitive ability when species enter an environment simultaneously, and thus do not consider how the relative timing of species' arrival may determine competitive outcome (i.e., priority effects). Whether priority effects may influence competition in Tribolium remains to be tested. The present study examined the importance of priority effects in competitions between two common species of flour beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): Tribolium castaneum and T. confusum. To investigate whether priority effects confer competitive advantages to Tribolium beetles, relative introduction times of T. castaneum and T. confusum to competitive arenas were manipulated, and adult populations were measured for seven months. Four important patterns were noted: (1) Tribolium species given two-weeks priority access to experimental arenas attained larger populations than their late-arriving competitor, (2) when founding adults were introduced simultaneously, T. castaneum was competitively dominant, (3) T. castaneum benefited more from priority arrival than T. confusum, and (4) available bran resources largely predicted population decline in adult beetles toward the end of the experiment. These results suggest competitive outcome in Tribolium is not always predicted by species' identity, and that performance could instead be determined by the timing of species' arrivals and available resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zane Holditch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States of America
| | - Aaron D. Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States of America
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
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Endriss SB, Vahsen ML, Bitume EV, Grey Monroe J, Turner KG, Norton AP, Hufbauer RA. The importance of growing up: juvenile environment influences dispersal of individuals and their neighbours. Ecol Lett 2018; 22:45-55. [PMID: 30450720 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal is a key ecological process that is strongly influenced by both phenotype and environment. Here, we show that juvenile environment influences dispersal not only by shaping individual phenotypes, but also by changing the phenotypes of neighbouring conspecifics, which influence how individuals disperse. We used a model system (Tribolium castaneum, red flour beetles) to test how the past environment of dispersing individuals and their neighbours influences how they disperse in their current environment. We found that individuals dispersed especially far when exposed to a poor environment as adults if their phenotype, or even one-third of their neighbours' phenotypes, were shaped by a poor environment as juveniles. Juvenile environment therefore shapes dispersal both directly, by influencing phenotype, as well as indirectly, by influencing the external social environment. Thus, the juvenile environment of even a minority of individuals in a group can influence the dispersal of the entire group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy B Endriss
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Megan L Vahsen
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Ellyn V Bitume
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Exotic and Invasive Weeds Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, USA
| | - J Grey Monroe
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kathryn G Turner
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Andrew P Norton
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ruth A Hufbauer
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Khan I, Prakash A, Issar S, Umarani M, Sasidharan R, Masagalli JN, Lama P, Venkatesan R, Agashe D. Female Density-Dependent Chemical Warfare Underlies Fitness Effects of Group Sex Ratio in Flour Beetles. Am Nat 2018. [DOI: 10.1086/695806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kawatsu K, Kishi S. Identifying critical interactions in complex competition dynamics between bean beetles. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Kawatsu
- Dept of Environmental Solution Technology; Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku Univ., 1-5, Yokotani, Seta-Oe cho, Otsu; JP-520-2194 Shiga Japan
| | - Shigeki Kishi
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Inst. for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba; Ibaraki Japan
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Kishi S, Nishida T, Tsubaki Y. Reproductive interference determines persistence and exclusion in species interactions. J Anim Ecol 2009; 78:1043-9. [PMID: 19457018 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01560.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1. Reproductive interference is a negative interspecific sexual interaction that adversely affects the fitness of males and females during reproductive process. Theoretical studies suggest that because reproductive interference is characterized by positive frequency dependence it is far more likely to cause species exclusion than the density dependence of resource competition. However, the respective contributions of resource competition and reproductive interference to species exclusion, which have been frequently observed in many competition studies, remain unclear. 2. We show that reproductive interference is a far more critical cause of species exclusion than resource competition in the competition between Callosobruchus bean weevil species. In competition experiments over several generations, we manipulated the initial relative abundance of the adzuki bean beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis, and the southern cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus. When the initial adult ratio of C. chinensis : C. maculatus were 6 : 2 and 4 : 4, C. chinensis excluded C. maculatus. However, when C. maculatus was four times more abundant than C. chinensis at the start, we observed the opposite outcome. 3. A behavioural experiment using adults of the two species revealed asymmetric reproductive interference. The fecundity and longevity of C. maculatus females, but not those of C. chinensis females, decreased when the females were kept with heterospecific males. Fecundities of females of both species decreased as the number of heterospecific males increased. In contrast, resource competition at the larval stage resulted in higher survival of C. maculatus than of C. chinensis. 4. These results suggest that the positive frequency-dependent effect of reproductive interference resulted in species exclusion, depending on the initial population ratio of the two species, and the asymmetry of the interference resulted in C. chinensis being dominant in this study, as in previous studies. Classical competition studies should be reviewed in light of this evidence for reproductive interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Kishi
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
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