1
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Ryskov AP, Osipov FA, Omelchenko AV, Semyenova SK, Girnyk AE, Korchagin VI, Vergun AA, Murphy RW. The origin of multiple clones in the parthenogenetic lizard species Darevskia rostombekowi. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185161. [PMID: 28931071 PMCID: PMC5607197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The all-female Caucasian rock lizard Darevskia rostombekowi and other unisexual species of this genus reproduce normally via true parthenogenesis. Typically, diploid parthenogenetic reptiles exhibit some amount of clonal diversity. However, allozyme data from D. rostombekowi have suggested that this species consists of a single clone. Herein, we test this hypothesis by evaluating variation at three variable microsatellite loci for 42 specimens of D. rostombekowi from four populations in Armenia. Analyses based on single nucleotide polymorphisms of each locus reveal five genotypes or presumptive clones in this species. All individuals are heterozygous at the loci. The major clone occurs in 24 individuals and involves three populations. Four rare clones involve one or several individuals from one or two populations. Most variation owes to parent-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms, which occur as heterozygotes. This result fails to reject the hypothesis of a single hybridization founder event that resulted in the initial formation of one major clone. The other clones appear to have originated via post-formation microsatellite mutations of the major clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey P. Ryskov
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Fedor A. Osipov
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular biology and Genetics, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Omelchenko
- Group of Bioinformatics and Modeling Biological Process, Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Seraphima K. Semyenova
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya E. Girnyk
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly I. Korchagin
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Vergun
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular biology and Genetics, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Robert W. Murphy
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Eisenbrey AB, Moore WS. EVOLUTION OF HISTOCOMPATIBILITY DIVERSITY IN AN ASEXUAL VERTEBRATE,
POECILIOPSIS 2 MONACHA‐LUCIDA
(PISCES: POECILIIDAE). Evolution 2017; 35:1180-1191. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1981.tb04988.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/1980] [Revised: 02/04/1981] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - William S. Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences Wayne State University Detroit Michigan 48202
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3
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Honeycutt RL, Wilkinson P. ELECTROPHORETIC VARIATION IN THE PARTHENOGENETIC GRASSHOPPER
WARRAMABA VIRGO
AND ITS SEXUAL RELATIVES. Evolution 2017; 43:1027-1044. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02548.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/1988] [Accepted: 03/01/1989] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodney L. Honeycutt
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and the Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University 26 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138
| | - Pat Wilkinson
- Research School of Biological Sciences, The Australian National University Canberra City A.C.T. AUSTRALIA 2601
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lynch
- Department of Ecology, Ethology, and Evolution University of Illinois Champaign Illinois 61820
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5
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Parker ED. PHENOTYPIC CONSEQUENCES OF PARTHENOGENESIS IN
CNEMIDOPHORUS
LIZARDS. II. SIMILARITY OF
C. TESSELATUS
TO ITS SEXUAL PARENTAL SPECIES. Evolution 2017; 33:1167-1179. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1979.tb04770.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/1978] [Revised: 03/05/1979] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Davis Parker
- Department of Biology University of Rochester Rochester N.Y. 14627
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6
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Densmore LD, Wright JW, Brown WM. MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA ANALYSES AND THE ORIGIN AND RELATIVE AGE OF PARTHENOGENETIC LIZARDS (GENUS CNEMIDOPHORUS). II. C. NEOMEXICANUS AND THE C. TESSELATUS COMPLEX. Evolution 2017; 43:943-957. [PMID: 28564146 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02541.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/1987] [Accepted: 02/27/1989] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Restriction-endonuclease analyses of mitochondrial DNAs from all six color-pattern classes (A-F) of the parthenogenetic lizard Cnemidophorus tesselatus yield estimates of nucleotide divergence that are extremely low (π = 0.06%). In digests of 75 C. tesselatus mtDNAs with 20 different restriction enzymes, only four cleavage-site differences were noted, three of which were found only in pattern class F. The near-identity of these mitochondrial DNAs with those from C. tigris marmoratus shows unequivocally that C. t. marmoratus was the species to which the maternal parent(s) of all C. tesselatus belonged. Mitochondrial-DNA analyses of another unisexual species, C. neomexicanus, led to the same conclusion. Mitochondrial DNAs from 96 individuals of these three species were extensively analyzed for cleavage-site differences; only 13 were found. The low interspecific sequence diversity found within C. neomexicanus and the C. tesselatus complex suggests a recent origin for both. Based on diversity data for mitochondrial DNA and allozymes, we estimate that a minimum of two hybridizations were required to produce all diploid C. tesselatus (C-F), followed by at least two more to generate the triploids (A and B). These data and those presented in the two accompanying papers indicate that events leading to parthenogenesis in Cnemidophorus are rare and strengthen the hypothesis that interspecific hybridization is a necessary, causal event in its establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llewellyn D Densmore
- Laboratory of Molecular Systematics, Museum of Zoology, and Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1079
| | - John W Wright
- Section of Herpetology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA, 90007
| | - Wesley M Brown
- Laboratory of Molecular Systematics, Museum of Zoology, and Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1079
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7
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Araya-Donoso R, Véliz D, Vidal M, Lamborot M. Relationships of the morphological variation in diploids, triploids and mosaics of Liolaemus chiliensis (Sauria: Liolaemidae). AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1163/15685381-00003132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Liolaemus chiliensis, a widely distributed species in Chile, is unique in vertebrates because it presents populations with diploid (2n), triploid (3n) and mosaic (2n/3n) females, and with diploid and mosaic males whose meiosis produces reduced (n) and unreduced (2n) euploid gametes. With the aim of evaluating evolutionary consequences of polyploidy, we analyzed the morphological variability of 103 adults ofL. chiliensisfrom separated geographic areas using both traditional and geometric morphometry in order to visualize shape and size differences in individuals with different ploidy. The results indicated thatLiolaemus chiliensisis morphologically variable; a significant effect was observed for the interaction term of the three factors tested: sex, ploidy and locality. From the analysis, females exhibited higher values of axilla groin distance than males. There were also morphological differences in mosaic and triploid organisms with respect to the sympatric and allopatric diploids in the dorsal shape of the head, and the presence of intermediate phenotypes of triploids and mosaic lizards with sympatric males and females associated with the axilla groin distance. Results showed that there are morphological differences between polyploid and diploid organisms with both traditional and geometric approaches, suggesting evolutionary trend to differentiation; future research is needed to assess the underlying ecological and genetic mechanisms related to this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Araya-Donoso
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio de Ecología y Manejo Sustentable de Islas Oceánicas (ESMOI), Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - David Véliz
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio de Ecología y Manejo Sustentable de Islas Oceánicas (ESMOI), Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Marcela Vidal
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Biobío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Madeleine Lamborot
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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8
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Ryskov AP, Martirosyan IA, Vergun AA, Malysheva DN, Badaeva TN, Tokarskaya ON, Vassetzky NS, Korchagin VI. Molecular structure of allelic variants of microsatellite loci Du281 and Du47 in unisexual and bisexual lizard species of the genus Darevskia. BIOL BULL+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359009020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Badaeva TN, Malysheva DN, Korchagin VI, Ryskov AP. Genetic variation and de novo mutations in the parthenogenetic Caucasian rock lizard Darevskia unisexualis. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2730. [PMID: 18648496 PMCID: PMC2447159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 06/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unisexual all-female lizards of the genus Darevskia that are well adapted to various habitats are known to reproduce normally by true parthenogenesis. Although they consist of unisexual lineages and lack effective genetic recombination, they are characterized by some level of genetic polymorphism. To reveal the mutational contribution to overall genetic variability, the most straightforward and conclusive way is the direct detection of mutation events in pedigree genotyping. Earlier we selected from genomic library of D. unisexualis two polymorphic microsatellite containing loci Du281 and Du215. In this study, these two loci were analyzed to detect possible de novo mutations in 168 parthenogenetic offspring of 49 D. unisexualis mothers and in 147 offspring of 50 D. armeniaca mothers. No mutant alleles were detected in D. armeniaca offspring at both loci, and in D. unisexualis offspring at the Du215 locus. There were a total of seven mutational events in the germ lines of four of the 49 D. unisexualis mothers at the Du281 locus, yielding the mutation rate of 0.1428 events per germ line tissue. Sequencing of the mutant alleles has shown that most mutations occur via deletion or insertion of single microsatellite repeat being identical in all offspring of the family. This indicates that such mutations emerge at the early stages of embryogenesis. In this study we characterized single highly unstable (GATA)(n) containing locus in parthenogenetic lizard species D. unisexualis. Besides, we characterized various types of mutant alleles of this locus found in the D. unisexualis offspring of the first generation. Our data has shown that microsatellite mutations at highly unstable loci can make a significant contribution to population variability of parthenogenetic lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana N Badaeva
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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10
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KORPELAINEN HELENA. Ecological genetics of the cyclic parthenogens, Daphnia longispina and Daphnia pulex. Hereditas 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1986.tb00634.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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11
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Malysheva DN, Tokarskaya ON, Petrosyan VG, Danielyan FD, Darevskii IS, Ryskov AP. Genetic differentiation of parthenogenetic lizards Darevskia rostombekowi (family Lacertidae) as determined using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2007; 410:304-7. [PMID: 17286109 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672906050140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D N Malysheva
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 34/5, Moscow, 119334 Russia
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12
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Neiman M, Linksvayer TA. The conversion of variance and the evolutionary potential of restricted recombination. Heredity (Edinb) 2005; 96:111-21. [PMID: 16333302 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic recombination is usually considered to facilitate adaptive evolution. However, recombination prevents the reliable cotransmission of interacting gene combinations and can disrupt complexes of coadapted genes. If interactions between genes have important fitness effects, restricted recombination may lead to evolutionary responses that are different from those predicted from a purely additive model and could even aid adaptation. Theory and data have demonstrated that phenomena that limit the effectiveness of recombination via increasing homozygosity, such as inbreeding and population subdivision and bottlenecks, can temporarily increase the additive genetic variance available to these populations. This effect has been attributed to the conversion of nonadditive to additive genetic variance. Analogously, phenomena such as chromosomal inversions and apomictic parthenogenesis that physically restrict recombination in part or all of the genome may also result in a release of additive variance. Here, we review and synthesize literature concerning the evolutionary potential of populations with effectively or physically restricted recombination. Our goal is to emphasize the common theme of increased short-term access to additive genetic variance in all of these situations and to motivate research directed towards a more complete characterization of the relevance of the conversion of variance to the evolutionary process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Neiman
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
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13
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Doeringsfeld MR, Schlosser IJ, Elder JF, Evenson DP. PHENOTYPIC CONSEQUENCES OF GENETIC VARIATION IN A GYNOGENETIC COMPLEX OF PHOXINUS EOS-NEOGAEUS CLONAL FISH (PISCES: CYPRINIDAE) INHABITING A HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENT. Evolution 2004; 58:1261-73. [PMID: 15266975 DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb01705.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We examined the genetic composition, habitat use, and morphological variation of a Phoxinus eos-neogaeus unisexual hybrid complex and its sexually reproducing progenitor species inhabiting beaver-modified drainages of Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota. In addition to the single diploid P. eos-neogaeus gynogenetic clone, triploid and diploid-triploid mosaic biotypes were present at our study sites. Both P. eos and P. neogaeus, and all three hybrid biotypes were ubiquitous throughout one intensively surveyed drainage, but abundances and relative frequencies of the parental species and hybrids varied considerably within and among successional environments. Data from a large number of additional sites indicated that the proportion of polyploid hybrids within an environment was negatively related to hybrid relative frequency, implying that the genomic constitution of hybrids is an important determinant of clonal fitness among successional environments. Statistical comparisons of variation along size-free multivariate body shape axes indicated that despite its genetic uniformity, the P. eos-neogaeus clone is no less variable than its sexual progenitors, suggesting that a single genotype may actually respond to environmental variation with as much phenotypic variation as a genetically variable sexual population. The incorporation and expression of a third genome in triploid and diploid-triploid mosaic biotypes derived from the gynogenetic clone significantly expanded phenotypic variation of the clone. This additional variation results in greater similarities in habitat use and morphological overlap with the parental species, primarily P. eos, the predominant sperm donor for gynogenetic hybrid females in this complex. Polyploid augmentation of a diploid gynogenetic clone appears to be typical in the P. eos-neogaeus complex, and the additional genetic and phenotypic variation that it generates has potentially significant ecological and evolutionary consequences for the success and persistence of a single genotype in highly variable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Doeringsfeld
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202-9019, USA.
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14
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Doeringsfeld MR, Schlosser IJ, Elder JF, Evenson DP. PHENOTYPIC CONSEQUENCES OF GENETIC VARIATION IN A GYNOGENETIC COMPLEX OF PHOXINUS EOS-NEOGAEUS CLONAL FISH (PISCES: CYPRINIDAE) INHABITING A HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENT. Evolution 2004. [DOI: 10.1554/03-668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Wayne RK, Forman L, Newman AK, Simonson JM, O'Brien SJ. Genetic monitors of zoo populations: Morphological and electrophoretic assays. Zoo Biol 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.1430050215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Hardy LM, Cole CJ. Parthenogenetic reproduction in lizards: Histological evidence. J Morphol 1981; 170:215-237. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1051700208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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