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Papadopoulou M, Karavasilis E, Christidi F, Argyropoulos GD, Skitsa I, Makrydakis G, Efstathopoulos E, Zambelis T, Karandreas N. Multimodal Neurophysiological and Neuroimaging Evidence of Genetic Influence on Motor Control: A Case Report of Monozygotic Twins. Cogn Behav Neurol 2021; 34:53-62. [PMID: 33652469 DOI: 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Considering genetic influence on brain structure and function, including motor control, we report a case of right-handed monozygotic twins with atypical organization of fine motor movement control that might imply genetic influence. Structural and functional organization of the twins' motor function was assessed using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), fMRI with a motor-task paradigm, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography. TMS revealed that both twins presented the same unexpected activation and inhibition of both motor cortices during volitional unilateral fine hand movement. The right ipsilateral corticospinal tract was weaker than the left contralateral one. The motor-task fMRI identified activation in the left primary motor cortex and bilateral secondary motor areas during right-hand (dominant) movement and activation in the bilateral primary motor cortex and secondary motor areas during left-hand movement. Based on DTI tractography, both twins showed a significantly lower streamline count (number of fibers) in the right corticospinal tract compared with a control group, which was not the case for the left corticospinal tract. Neither twin reported any difficulty in conducting fine motor movements during their activities of daily living. The combination of TMS and advanced neuroimaging techniques identified an atypical motor control organization that might be influenced by genetic factors. This combination emphasizes that activation of the unilateral uncrossed pyramidal tract represents an alternative scheme to a "failure" of building a standard pattern but may not necessarily lead to disability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Efstratios Karavasilis
- Second Department of Radiology, Attikon University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Foteini Christidi
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Neurology, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios D Argyropoulos
- Second Department of Radiology, Attikon University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioulia Skitsa
- DNA Analysis Laboratory, Athens Legal Medicine Service Hellenic Ministry of Justice, Athens, Greece
| | - George Makrydakis
- First Department of Neurology, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Efstathopoulos
- Second Department of Radiology, Attikon University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Zambelis
- First Department of Neurology, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Karandreas
- First Department of Neurology, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Riska B. COMPOSITE TRAITS, SELECTION RESPONSE, AND EVOLUTION. Evolution 2017; 43:1172-1191. [PMID: 28564505 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/1989] [Accepted: 04/10/1989] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Riska
- Department of Genetics University of California Davis CA 95616
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Smith FA, Brown JH, Haskell JP, Lyons SK, Alroy J, Charnov EL, Dayan T, Enquist BJ, Ernest SKM, Hadly EA, Jones KE, Kaufman DM, Marquet PA, Maurer BA, Niklas KJ, Porter WP, Tiffney B, Willig MR. Similarity of Mammalian Body Size across the Taxonomic Hierarchy and across Space and Time. Am Nat 2004; 163:672-91. [PMID: 15122486 DOI: 10.1086/382898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2001] [Accepted: 12/16/2003] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Although it is commonly assumed that closely related animals are similar in body size, the degree of similarity has not been examined across the taxonomic hierarchy. Moreover, little is known about the variation or consistency of body size patterns across geographic space or evolutionary time. Here, we draw from a data set of terrestrial, nonvolant mammals to quantify and compare patterns across the body size spectrum, the taxonomic hierarchy, continental space, and evolutionary time. We employ a variety of statistical techniques including "sib-sib" regression, phylogenetic autocorrelation, and nested ANOVA. We find an extremely high resemblance (heritability) of size among congeneric species for mammals over approximately 18 g; the result is consistent across the size spectrum. However, there is no significant relationship among the body sizes of congeneric species for mammals under approximately 18 g. We suspect that life-history and ecological parameters are so tightly constrained by allometry at diminutive size that animals can only adapt to novel ecological conditions by modifying body size. The overall distributions of size for each continental fauna and for the most diverse orders are quantitatively similar for North America, South America, and Africa, despite virtually no overlap in species composition. Differences in ordinal composition appear to account for quantitative differences between continents. For most mammalian orders, body size is highly conserved, although there is extensive overlap at all levels of the taxonomic hierarchy. The body size distribution for terrestrial mammals apparently was established early in the Tertiary, and it has remained remarkably constant over the past 50 Ma and across the major continents. Lineages have diversified in size to exploit environmental opportunities but only within limits set by allometric, ecological, and evolutionary constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felisa A Smith
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Working Group on Body Size in Ecology and Paleoecology, Santa Barbara, California 93101-5504, USA.
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Bonan I, Argenti AM, Duyme M, Hasboun D, Dorion A, Marsault C, Zouaoui A. Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral central sulci: a study of monozygotic twins. ACTA GENETICAE MEDICAE ET GEMELLOLOGIAE 2000; 47:89-100. [PMID: 10783767 DOI: 10.1017/s000156600000026x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral central sulci, seat of the sensorimotor cortex, vary anatomically in form, length and depth among individuals and present a left/right asymmetry. The purpose of this work was to measure central sulcus's lengths, at the surface and in-depth, in each hemisphere of monozygotic twins in order to evaluate the influence of environmental factors on the morphometry and asymmetry of this structure. A measurement technique on MR images of the brains using 3 D software was developed. Two operators applied this technique to measure central sulcus lengths at the surface of the brain and in-depth in each hemisphere. Besides the fact that the technique developed gave high Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) for the surface lengths (mean value 0.94), and slightly less high for the in-depth length (mean value 0.87), we found a weak (from 0.57 to 0.73 for raw data) but significant ICC between homologous sulci in pairs of twins. In addition, the ICC for asymmetry indices were not significant. Hence, if central sulcus morphometry is in part genetically influenced, these results show that nongenetic factors are nonetheless important in their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bonan
- Department of Neuroradiology, INSERM U155, Paris, France
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Smith FA, Betancourt JL, Brown JH. Evolution of Body Size in the Woodrat over the Past 25,000 Years of Climate Change. Science 1995. [DOI: 10.1126/science.270.5244.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felisa A. Smith
- F. A. Smith and J. H. Brown, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Julio L. Betancourt
- J. L. Betancourt, U.S. Geological Survey Desert Laboratory, 1675 West Anklam Road, Tucson, AZ 85745, USA
| | - James H. Brown
- F. A. Smith and J. H. Brown, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Temporal and spatial variation in heritability and genetic correlations among floral traits in Raphanus sativus, wild radish. Heredity (Edinb) 1994. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1994.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Quantitative genetics of aerial dispersal behaviour and life-history traits in Tetranychus urticae. Heredity (Edinb) 1993. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1993.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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