1
|
Butovskaya M, Burkova V, Karelin D, Filatova V. The association between 2D:4D ratio and aggression in children and adolescents: Cross-cultural and gender differences. Early Hum Dev 2019; 137:104823. [PMID: 31330462 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two recent meta-analyses have suggested the association between digit ratio (2D:4D) and aggression is weak. This conclusion has been criticised because the meta-analyses conflate forms of aggression that show strong sex differences with those that do not, and most studies have considered post-pubertal participants. AIMS We test the influence of 2D:4D and ethnicity in the expression of aggression in children and adolescents in four ethnic groups of European and African origin. STUDY DESIGN Buss and Perry aggression questionnaire. Direct measurement of the 2nd and 4th digits. SUBJECTS 1296 children and adolescents from Tanzania and Russia from 4 ethnic groups - Datoga, Meru, Russians, Tatars. RESULTS There were ethnic and gender differences in ratings on aggression with boys consistently reporting more physical aggression. In all four samples right 2D:4D was significantly lower in boys, compared to girls. With regard to our total sample of boys, the right 2D:4D was significantly and negatively associated with self-ratings on physical aggression, but no association was found for left 2D:4D. No associations between 2D:4D and physical aggression were found for girls. Hostility was negatively correlated with 2D:4D for boys, and anger was positively correlated with 2D:4D in girls. CONCLUSION Sex differences were strongest for right 2D:4D (boys<girls), and for physical aggression (boys>girls). Right 2D:4D was negatively related to physical aggression in boys only, suggesting possible relationship to prenatal androgenization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Butovskaya
- Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.
| | - V Burkova
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Karelin
- Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Filatova
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tsorbatzoudis H. Psychometric Evaluation of the Greek Version of the Aggression Questionnaire. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 102:703-18. [PMID: 16916149 DOI: 10.2466/pms.102.3.703-718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The study assesses the psychometric properties of the Greek version of the Aggression Questionnaire by Buss and Perry in a sample of 760 Greek high school students. This questionnaire has been widely used to study Physical Aggression, Verbal Aggression, Anger, and Hostility. A confirmatory factor analysis of responses showed adequate fit for the original 4-factor model (total variance explained: 68.2%). The analysis also showed satisfactory internal consistency and temporal stability over 6 to 8 weeks. Also, the construct validity, extreme groups' validity, and predictive validity indices were adequate. Greek female students adopted more indirect forms of aggression (Hostility) than males, who applied more direct forms such as Physical Aggression. Findings supported the use of the Greek version of the questionnaire for assessment in high school students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haralambos Tsorbatzoudis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Sport Psychology Laboratory, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bartholow BD, Sestir MA, Davis EB. Correlates and Consequences of Exposure to Video Game Violence: Hostile Personality, Empathy, and Aggressive Behavior. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2016; 31:1573-86. [PMID: 16207775 DOI: 10.1177/0146167205277205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown that exposure to violent video games causes increases in aggression, but the mechanisms of this effect have remained elusive. Also, potential differences in short-term and long-term exposure are not well understood. An initial correlational study shows that video game violence exposure (VVE) is positively correlated with self-reports of aggressive behavior and that this relation is robust to controlling for multiple aspects of personality. A lab experiment showed that individuals low in VVE behave more aggressively after playing a violent video game than after a nonviolent game but that those high in VVE display relatively high levels of aggression regardless of game content. Mediational analyses show that trait hostility, empathy, and hostile perceptions partially account for the VVE effect on aggression. These findings suggest that repeated exposure to video game violence increases aggressive behavior in part via changes in cognitive and personality factors associated with desensitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce D Bartholow
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, MO 65503, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tsorbatzoudis H, Travlos AK, Rodafinos A. Gender and age differences in self-reported aggression of high school students. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2013; 28:1709-1725. [PMID: 23262821 DOI: 10.1177/0886260512468323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to (a) investigate gender and age differences in physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility, and (b) examine the discriminatory power of the Greek version of the Aggression Questionnaire (GAQ) with high school students. The sample of the study consisted of 658 high school students (321 boys and 337 girls), with an age range from 13 to 17 years (M = 15.3, SD = 1.5). The students completed the Aggression Questionnaire adapted to Greek. Regarding gender, the overall correct identification rate in the discriminant analysis showed that 73.3% of the cases were correctly classified. In addition, the results indicated that physical aggression declined with age and that, compared to boys, girls of higher grades apply more indirect forms of aggression, such as anger and hostility. The findings of the study provide important information regarding the expression of aggressive behavior during adolescence.
Collapse
|
5
|
Henry DB, Dymnicki AB, Schoeny ME, Meyer AL, Martin NC. Middle school students overestimate normative support for aggression and underestimate normative support for nonviolent problem-solving strategies. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2013.01027.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
6
|
Muñoz‐Reyes JA, Gil‐Burmann C, Fink B, Turiegano E. Physical strength, fighting ability, and aggressiveness in adolescents. Am J Hum Biol 2012; 24:611-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Muñoz‐Reyes
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Gil‐Burmann
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernhard Fink
- Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Geramany
| | - Enrique Turiegano
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Neufeld E, Perlman CM, Hirdes JP. Predicting Inpatient Aggression Using the InterRAI Risk of Harm to Others Clinical Assessment Protocol. J Behav Health Serv Res 2012; 39:472-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s11414-011-9271-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
8
|
Wells S, Graham K, Tremblay PF, Magyarody N. Not just the booze talking: trait aggression and hypermasculinity distinguish perpetrators from victims of male barroom aggression. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2010; 35:613-20. [PMID: 21143254 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01375.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To our knowledge, no research has assessed whether young male victims and perpetrators of barroom aggression differ in terms of their drinking patterns and predisposing characteristics. This study assessed the extent that frequent heavy episodic drinking (HED) and bar-going, trait aggression, and hypermasculinity were differentially associated with victimization versus perpetration for aggression occurring among young adult men in the setting of the public drinking establishment. METHODS A random sample of 2,500 male students attending a local university and a local community college was invited to participate in an online survey. Participants were asked the number of times in the past 12 months they had experienced an incident of aggression at a bar in which (a) someone was physically aggressive toward them and (b) they were physically aggressive toward another person. Responses were coded as (i) any perpetration of aggression, (ii) victim only, (iii) no aggression. A composite variable of HED (5 or more drinks per occasion) and bar-going frequency was computed: (i) both HED and bar ≥ twice a month, (ii) only HED ≥ twice a month, (iii) only bar ≥ twice a month, and (iv) both < twice a month. Standard measures of trait aggression and hypermasculinity were used. RESULTS Multivariate multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that a combination of both frequent HED and frequent bar-going was associated with both perpetration and victimization at a bar (compared to no aggression). Trait aggression and hypermasculinity were associated with perpetration but not with victimization. Logistic regression analyses directly comparing perpetrators with victims indicated that perpetrators were more likely to both drink heavily and go to bars frequently and were more likely to have high levels of trait aggression and hypermasculinity. CONCLUSIONS While HED is an important target for prevention programming, additional efforts should be directed toward addressing the combination of frequent HED and frequent bar-going as well as underlying aggressive personalities and masculinity concerns among young men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Wells
- Social and Epidemiological Research Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Collip Circle, Suite 200, London, ON N6G4X8, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Culhane SE, Morera OF. Reliability and Validity of the Novaco Anger Scale and Provocation Inventory (NAS-PI) and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2) in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Student Samples. HISPANIC JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/0739986310381458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This project tested the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory—2 (STAXI-2) and the Novaco Anger Scale—Provocation Inventory (NAS-PI) in a sample of U.S. Hispanic ( n = 257) and U.S. non-Hispanic White ( n = 246) undergraduate students. Internal consistency, subscale correlations, convergent validity with the Multidimensional Anger Inventory (MAI), and predictive validity were all analyzed. Across ethnic groups, all major subscales demonstrated adequate internal consistency reliability. Correlations between the subscales were strong for both groups within each measure and with the subscales of the other measure. In predicting PI scores, there was no evidence of intercept invariance across the ethnic groups and no evidence of slope invariance when either measure was used as a predictor. Results suggest that both measures are valid for use in Hispanic samples.
Collapse
|
10
|
Brook JS, Balka EB, Crossman AM, Dermatis H, Galanter M, Brook DW. The Relationship between parental alcohol use, early and late adolescent alcohol use, and young adult psychological symptoms: a longitudinal study. Am J Addict 2010; 19:534-42. [PMID: 20958850 DOI: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2010.00083.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that there is a mediational pathway from parental alcohol use during the participants' adolescence to the participants' psychological symptoms in young adulthood. This pathway includes the participants' alcohol use and their psychological symptoms, both during adolescence. The participants are inner city African American and Puerto Rican early adolescents followed until young adulthood. They reported their own and their parents' behavior. Structural equation modeling showed that parental alcohol use was related to early adolescent alcohol use, which was associated with late adolescent alcohol use. Late adolescent alcohol use was related to psychological symptoms in late adolescence, which predicted young adult psychological symptoms. Males reported more alcohol use and more psychological symptoms than females in late adolescence and more psychological symptoms in young adulthood. Findings suggest that parents' and adolescents' alcohol use should be a focus in interventions designed to prevent or treat psychological symptoms in late adolescence and young adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith S Brook
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Surís AM, Lind LM, Kashner MT, Bernstein IH, Young K, Worchel J. Aggression and Impulsivity Instruments: An Examination in Veterans. MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1207/s15327876mp1704_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alina M. Surís
- Department of Veterans Affairs, North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas
| | - Lisa M. Lind
- Department of Veterans Affairs, North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas
| | - Michael T. Kashner
- Department of Veterans Affairs, North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Keith Young
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Central Texas Health Care System, Austin, Texas
| | - Jason Worchel
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Central Texas Health Care System, Austin, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Archer J, Thanzami V. The relation between mate value, entitlement, physical aggression, size and strength among a sample of young Indian men. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
13
|
Shechtman Z, Ifargan M. School-based integrated and segregated interventions to reduce aggression. Aggress Behav 2009; 35:342-56. [PMID: 19466744 DOI: 10.1002/ab.20311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the study was to assess two types of school-based interventions--a class intervention (integrated) and a small group counseling (segregated) intervention for highly aggressive children--and to determine which is more efficacious in reducing individual and classroom aggression, lessening internalizing and externalizing behavior, and increasing positive classroom relationships. The study, conducted in Israel, included 904 children from 13 schools. In each school, one age level was selected and divided randomly into three experimental conditions: psychoeducational class intervention, small group counseling, and control. In all classrooms, the highly aggressive children were identified a priori (n=166). Analyses were conducted separately for the aggressive children and their nonaggressive classmates, in a nested procedure (mixed models). Results showed similar positive outcomes on all variables in both treatment groups, and higher compared with the control group. The discussion focuses on the strengths of each type of intervention.
Collapse
|
14
|
Archer J, Southall N. Does cost-benefit analysis or self-control predict involvement in bullying behavior by male prisoners? Aggress Behav 2009; 35:31-40. [PMID: 18942112 DOI: 10.1002/ab.20283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this study is to assess whether lack of self-control or the perceived costs and benefits of aggression provide the better predictors of bullying behavior and victimization, and direct aggression perpetration, in a sample of 122 male British prisoners. We also assessed whether bullying was associated with height and weight. Zero-order correlations showed that perceived benefits, self-control, and perceived costs were most closely associated with perpetration of bullying, and that lack of self-control was weakly associated with victimization. Height and weight were unrelated to bullying or victimization. In a standard regression analyses, perceived benefits was the strongest predictor of bullying perpetration, with lack of self-control contributing further; all three variables made a significant contribution when direct aggression was the criterion. Mediation analysis showed that a combined cost-benefit measure partially mediated the association between self-control and both bullying and direct aggression. The findings are discussed in relation to explanations of aggression based on impulse control or a cost-benefit analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Archer
- School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Reidy DE, Sloan CA, Zeichner A. Gender role conformity and aggression: Influence of perpetrator and victim conformity on direct physical aggression in women. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2008.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
16
|
Chan KL, Brownridge DA. Personality characteristics of Chinese male batterers: an exploratory study of women's reports from a refuge sample of battered women in Hong Kong. Am J Mens Health 2008; 2:218-28. [PMID: 19477785 DOI: 10.1177/1557988307308000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the personality characteristics of Chinese male batterers in a cohort of 210 Chinese battered women drawn from a refuge in Hong Kong. Participants were interviewed using a standard questionnaire to examine the prevalence and incidence of violence they experienced. The incidence of battering in the preceding year was compared against the characteristics of male batterers using independent t tests. Logistic regression was preformed with the personality characteristics and battering. The results showed that a number of personality characteristics, in particular poor anger management and approval of the use of violence, were more frequent among batterers who were physically assaultive toward their partners. The findings of this study suggested the possibility of an association between child abuse and battering. The results have important implications for interventions with batterers in terms of the assessment and provision of batterer intervention programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ko Ling Chan
- Department of Social Work & Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
The relation between physical aggression, size and strength, among a sample of young Indian men. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
18
|
Bartholow BD, Bushman BJ, Sestir MA. Chronic violent video game exposure and desensitization to violence: Behavioral and event-related brain potential data. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2005.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
19
|
Archer J. Sex Differences in Aggression in Real-World Settings: A Meta-Analytic Review. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2004. [DOI: 10.1037/1089-2680.8.4.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1150] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Meta-analytic reviews of sex differences in aggression from real-world settings are described. They cover self-reports, observations, peer reports, and teacher reports of overall direct, physical, verbal, and indirect forms of aggression, as well as (for self-reports) trait anger. Findings are related to sexual selection theory and social role theory. Direct, especially physical, aggression was more common in males and females at all ages sampled, was consistent across cultures, and occurred from early childhood on, showing a peak between 20 and 30 years. Anger showed no sex differences. Higher female indirect aggression was limited to later childhood and adolescence and varied with method of measurement. The overall pattern indicated males’ greater use of costly methods of aggression rather than a threshold difference in anger.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire,
Preston, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Muris P, Meesters C, Morren M, Moorman L. Anger and hostility in adolescents: relationships with self-reported attachment style and perceived parental rearing styles. J Psychosom Res 2004; 57:257-64. [PMID: 15507252 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3999(03)00616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2003] [Accepted: 10/13/2003] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine relationships between self-reported attachment style and parental rearing behaviors, on the one hand, and anger/hostility, on the other hand, in a sample of nonclinical adolescents (N=441). METHOD Participants completed (a) a single-item measure of attachment style; (b) a questionnaire measuring perceptions of parental rearing behaviors; and (c) two scales assessing anger and hostility. RESULTS Self-reported attachment style was related to anger/hostility. That is, adolescents who defined themselves as avoidantly or ambivalently attached displayed higher levels of anger/hostility than adolescents who classified themselves as securely attached. Furthermore, perceived parental rearing was also related to anger/hostility. More specifically, low levels of emotional warmth and high levels of rejection, control, and inconsistency were accompanied by high levels of anger/hostility. Finally, regression analyses showed that both attachment status and parental rearing behaviors accounted for a unique and significant proportion of the variance in anger/hostility. CONCLUSION These findings are in keeping with the notion that family environment factors such as attachment style and parental rearing are involved in the development of anger/hostility in youths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Muris
- Department of Medical, Clinical, and Experimental Psychology, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
The objective of this study was the risk factors of wife assault in Hong Kong Chinese families. The sample included 107 battered women from a refuge for battered women. Factor analysis revealed risk factors like dominance, stress, poor anger management, aggressive personality, conflict, lack of empathy, masculine gender role stress, sense of insecurity, relationship distress, and violent socialization. Correlation analysis indicated that dominance, spousal conflict, and sense of insecurity increase the likelihood of carrying out minor physical assault and using psychological aggression, while aggressive personality predicts severe physical assault and injury. The risk factors were explained in terms of traditional Chinese concepts of gender role expectations of men and women and face orientations. The present study provides some evidence relating to the risk factors of wife assault in Chinese families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ko Ling Chan
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Abstract
Greater male than female variability is found in behavioral and morphological traits in animals. A theory that greater male variability is associated with variability in parental investment is described and contrasted with sexual strategies theory, which posits no sex differences in variability. Predictions from the theories were tested through meta-analyses of variance ratios for data sets involving sexually selected characteristics (physical aggression and 5 aspects of mate choice) and 2 unlikely to have resulted from sexual selection (anger and self-esteem). Variation was significantly greater among men than women in 5 of the 6 former data sets and was similar for men and women in the latter 2 data sets, broadly supporting the predictions. A further analysis extends the theory to intellectual abilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Archer
- University of Central Lancashire, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Mani Mehdikhani
- University of Central Lancashire, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
J. Martin R, Carmen S, Takehiro F, Stephanie VG. Differences between experience of anger and readiness to angry action: A study of Japanese and Spanish students. Aggress Behav 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/ab.80014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
25
|
Landau SF, Björkqvist K, Lagerspetz KM, Österman K, Gideon L. The effect of religiosity and ethnic origin on direct and indirect aggression among males and females: Some Israeli findings. Aggress Behav 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/ab.80006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
26
|
von der Pahlen B, Lindman R, Sarkola T, Mäkisalo H, Eriksson CP. An exploratory study on self-evaluated aggression and androgens in women. Aggress Behav 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/ab.80005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
27
|
Morren M, Meesters C. Validation of the Dutch version of the aggression questionnaire in adolescent male offenders. Aggress Behav 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/ab.90010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
28
|
O?Connor DB, Archer J, Wu FW. Measuring aggression: Self-reports, partner reports, and responses to provoking scenarios. Aggress Behav 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/ab.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
29
|
Ramirez JM, Andreu JM, Fujihara T. Cultural and sex differences in aggression: A comparison between Japanese and Spanish students using two different inventories. Aggress Behav 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/ab.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
30
|
Abstract
Meta-analyses of sex differences in physical aggression to heterosexual partners and in its physical consequences are reported. Women were slightly more likely (d = -.05) than men to use one or more act of physical aggression and to use such acts more frequently. Men were more likely (d = .15) to inflict an injury, and overall, 62% of those injured by a partner were women. The findings partially support previous claims that different methods of measurement produce conflicting results, but there was also evidence that the sample was an important moderator of effect size. Continuous models showed that younger aged dating samples and a lower proportion of physically aggressive males predicted effect sizes in the female direction. Analyses were limited by the available database, which is biased toward young dating samples in the United States. Wider variations are discussed in terms of two conflicting norms about physical aggression to partners that operate to different degrees in different cultures.
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Harris JA. A further evaluation of the Aggression Questionnaire: issues of validity and reliability. Behav Res Ther 1997; 35:1047-53. [PMID: 9431736 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-7967(97)00064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An analysis of the four scales from Buss and Perry's (1992, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 452-459) Aggression Questionnaire was conducted. Examined was the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, the influence of social desirability, and the interrelationships with other measures of aggression. The results suggest that the four scales of The Aggression Questionnaire have moderate to high internal consistencies and are stable over seven months of testing. Social desirability was found to have a moderately high negative relationship with the aggression scales suggesting that social desirability may influence responses provided on The Aggression Questionnaire. In addition, the four aggression scales were found to be positively related to other measures of aggression including scales assessing affect instability and aggressive attitudes, as well as scales designed for clinical use, suggesting some degree of construct validity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Harris
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
|
35
|
A guide to the literature on aggressive behavior. Aggress Behav 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/1098-2337(1996)22:6<469::aid-ab2480220602>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|