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Babaei F, Mirzababaei M, Tavakkoli A, Nassiri-Asl M, Hosseinzadeh H. Can nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) be repurposed for fungal infection? NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:59-75. [PMID: 37589736 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are an important class of anti-inflammatory drugs widely used for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders, mild-to-moderate pain, and fever. This review aimed to explain the functional role and possible mechanisms of the antifungal effects of NSAIDs alone or in combination with antifungal drugs in vitro and in vivo. Several studies reported that NSAIDs such as aspirin, ibuprofen, diclofenac, indomethacin, ketorolac, celecoxib, flurbiprofen, and nimesulide had antifungal activities in vitro, either fungistatic or fungicidal, against different strains of Candida, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Microsporum, and Trichophyton species. These drugs inhibited biofilm adhesion and development, and yeast-to-hypha conversion which may be related to a prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)/PGEx-dependent mechanism. Modulating PGE2 levels by NSAIDs during fungal infection can be introduced as a possible mechanism to overcome. In addition, some important mechanisms of the antifungal activities of NSAIDs and their new derivatives on fungi and host immune responses are summarized. Overall, we believe that using NSAIDs along with classical antifungal drugs has the potential to be investigated as a novel therapeutic strategy in clinical studies. Furthermore, combination therapy can help manage resistant strains, increase the efficacy of antifungal drugs, and reduce toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Babaei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19839-63113, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Mirzababaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19839-63113, Tehran, Iran.
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 9177948954, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Di Bella S, Luzzati R, Principe L, Zerbato V, Meroni E, Giuffrè M, Crocè LS, Merlo M, Perotto M, Dolso E, Maurel C, Lovecchio A, Dal Bo E, Lagatolla C, Marini B, Ippodrino R, Sanson G. Aspirin and Infection: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020263. [PMID: 35203473 PMCID: PMC8868581 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. It derives from the extract of white willow bark, whose therapeutic potential was known in Egypt since 1534 BC. ASA’s pharmacological effects are historically considered secondary to its anti-inflammatory, platelet-inhibiting properties; however, human studies demonstrating a pro-inflammatory effect of ASA exist. It is likely that we are aware of only part of ASA’s mechanisms of action; moreover, the clinical effect is largely dependent on dosages. During the past few decades, evidence of the anti-infective properties of ASA has emerged. We performed a review of such research in order to provide a comprehensive overview of ASA and viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections, as well as ASA’s antibiofilm properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Di Bella
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.D.B.); (R.L.); (L.S.C.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Roberto Luzzati
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.D.B.); (R.L.); (L.S.C.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Luigi Principe
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, “S. Giovanni di Dio” Hospital, 88900 Crotone, Italy;
| | - Verena Zerbato
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (V.Z.); (E.D.); (C.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Elisa Meroni
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, “A. Manzoni” Hospital, 23900 Lecco, Italy;
| | - Mauro Giuffrè
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.D.B.); (R.L.); (L.S.C.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-040-3994-305
| | - Lory Saveria Crocè
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.D.B.); (R.L.); (L.S.C.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Marco Merlo
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.D.B.); (R.L.); (L.S.C.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Maria Perotto
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.D.B.); (R.L.); (L.S.C.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Elisabetta Dolso
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (V.Z.); (E.D.); (C.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Cristina Maurel
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (V.Z.); (E.D.); (C.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Antonio Lovecchio
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (V.Z.); (E.D.); (C.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Eugenia Dal Bo
- Cardiothoracic-Vascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Cattinara University Hospital, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Cristina Lagatolla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Bruna Marini
- Ulisse BioMed Labs, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (B.M.); (R.I.)
| | - Rudy Ippodrino
- Ulisse BioMed Labs, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (B.M.); (R.I.)
| | - Gianfranco Sanson
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.D.B.); (R.L.); (L.S.C.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (G.S.)
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Abd-El-Aziz AS, Benaaisha MR, Abdelghani AA, Bissessur R, Abdel-Rahman LH, Fayez AM, El-ezz DA. Aspirin-Based Organoiron Dendrimers as Promising Anti-Inflammatory, Anticancer, and Antimicrobial Drugs. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111568. [PMID: 34827566 PMCID: PMC8615929 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing nanocarriers with actions directed at a specific organ or tissue is a very promising strategy since it can significantly reduce the toxicity of a bioactive drug. In this study, an organometallic dendrimer was used to synthesize a biocompatible drug delivery system by attaching aspirin to the periphery of the dendrimer. Our goal is to enhance the bioavailability and anticancer activity of aspirin and reduce its toxicity through successive generations of organoiron dendrimers. The biological activity of aspirin-based dendrimer complexes was evaluated. The result of antimicrobial activity of the synthesized dendrimers also demonstrated an increase in their antimicrobial activity with increased generation of the dendrimers for most types of microorganisms. This study reveals for the first time that organoiron dendrimers linked with aspirin exhibit an excellent Gram-negative activity comparable to the reference drug Gentamicin. All synthesized dendrimers were tested for their anticancer activity against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7), hepatocellular cell lines (Hep-G2), and a non-cancer cell line, Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK293), using the MTT cell viability assay and compared against a standard anticancer drug, Doxorubicin. Compounds G3-D9-Asp and G4-D12-Asp exhibited noticeable activity against both cell lines, both of which were more effective than aspirin itself. In addition, the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity and histopathology of swollen paws showed that the designed aspirin-based dendrimers displayed significant anti-inflammatory activity; however, G2-D6-Asp showed the best anti-inflammatory activity, which was more potent than the reference drug aspirin during the same period. Moreover, the coupling of aspirin to the periphery of organoiron dendrimers showed a significant reduction in the toxicity of aspirin on the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa S. Abd-El-Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada; (M.R.B.); (A.A.A.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maysun R. Benaaisha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada; (M.R.B.); (A.A.A.); (R.B.)
| | - Amani A. Abdelghani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada; (M.R.B.); (A.A.A.); (R.B.)
| | - Rabin Bissessur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada; (M.R.B.); (A.A.A.); (R.B.)
| | | | - Ahmed M. Fayez
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Doaa Abou El-ezz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA University), Giza 8655, Egypt;
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The Repurposing of Acetylsalicylic Acid as a Photosensitiser to Inactivate the Growth of Cryptococcal Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050404. [PMID: 33922831 PMCID: PMC8146328 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic treatment (PDT) is often successful when used against aerobic microbes, given their natural susceptibility to oxidative damage. To this end, the current study aimed to explore the photodynamic action of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA; aspirin, which is commonly used to treat non-infectious ailments), when administered to respiring cryptococcal cells. The treatment of cryptococcal cells, i.e., exposure to 0.5 or 1 mM of ASA in the presence of ultraviolet light (UVL) for 10 min, resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the growth of tested cells when compared to non-treated (non-Rx) cells, i.e., no ASA and no UVL. The treated cells were also characterised by diseased mitochondria, which is crucial for the survival of respiring cells, as observed by a significant (p < 0.05) loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM) and significant (p < 0.05) accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when compared to non-Rx cells. Moreover, the photolytic products of acetylsalicylic acid altered the ultrastructural appearance of treated cells as well as limited the expression levels of the capsular-associated gene, CAP64, when compared to non-Rx cells. The results of the study highlight the potential use of ASA as a photosensitiser that is effective for controlling the growth of cryptococcal cells. Potentially, this treatment can also be used as an adjuvant, to complement and support the usage of current anti-microbial agents.
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Aquaresta F, Kawilarang AP, Endraswari PD. Gastric Perforation Associated with Candidiasis and NSAIDS. INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE 2020. [DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v8i3.16084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis is an important health-care-associated fungal infection. Candida is often described as an opportunistic pathogen. It is commensal flora in the gastrointestinal tract. Invasive candidiasis can happen usually because of a consequence of increased or abnormal colonization together with a local or generalized defect in host defenses. Candidiasis can occur in patients with HIV, therapy with a broad-spectrum antibiotic, transplant organ, and immunocompromised. Most cases of gastric perforation occur as complications of Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD), Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and gastric neoplasms, but candidiasis as a cause of gastric perforation is very rare. This study aims to reveal the correlation between gastric perforation with candidiasis and NSAIDs. It was reported that a 57-year-old East Java Indonesian female presented with severe epigastric pain, generalized peritonitis, fever, nausea also vomiting and had a history of NSAIDs used for five years. The patient was taken to the general surgery of Dr. Sutomo Surabaya Hospital and performed exploratory laparotomy. A gastric perforation was discovered in the antrum. Microbiology culture examination from biopsy gastric tissue revealed an intense fungal growth from sabouraudagar medium and there is no other microorganism that grew in aerobic culture. Candida albicans was identified by VITEK® 2 COMPACT. Histopathological examination from biopsy gastric tissue was performed by Olympus CX-21 microscope, showed invasive Candida albicans consisting of numerous fungal yeasts and pseudohyphae invading and destroying the gastric wall. The patient was subsequently treated with fluconazole anti-fungal and discharge home after nine days postoperative period in good condition. From this result, we suggest using an antifungal treatment for patients who use NSAIDs for long periods to prevent candidiasis.
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Compositional, ultrastructural and nanotechnological characterization of the SMA strain of Saccharomyces pastorianus: Towards a more complete fermentation yeast cell analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200552. [PMID: 29995965 PMCID: PMC6040772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano scanning Auger microscopy (NanoSAM) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) have been used in materials science research for some time, but NanoSAM, in particular, has only recently been applied to biological specimens. Here, the first concurrent utilization of NanoSAM, TOF-SIMS and microscopic techniques for the examination of a standard beverage fermentation strain of Saccharomyces pastorianus uncovered the presence of intracellular networks of CO2 in fermenting cells. Respiring cells produced few bubbles and instead had large internal vacuolar structures. Transmission electron microscopy analysis also showed osmiophilic layers at the cell exterior of fermenting cells that became more prevalent with fermentation duration, while osmiophilic layers were largely absent in respiring cells. TOF-SIMS analysis showed a compositional difference at the exterior and interior of SMA cells and between fermenting and respiring cells. Fermenting cells also appeared to have different 3-OH oxylipin profiles compared to respiring cells based upon examination with immunofluorescence microscopy. The results of this work and further study using these materials science techniques will substantially enhance our understanding of the chemical, ultrastructural and metabolic changes that occur in fermentation yeasts.
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Dalmont K, Biles CL, Konsure H, Dahal S, Rowsey T, Broge M, Poudyal S, Gurung T, Shrestha S, Biles CL, Cluck T, Howard A. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS) Inhibit the Growth and Reproduction of Chaetomium globosum and Other Fungi Associated with Water-Damaged Buildings. Mycopathologia 2017; 182:1025-1036. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-017-0188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Madu UL, Ogundeji AO, Pohl CH, Albertyn J, Sebolai OM. Elucidation of the Role of 3-Hydroxy Fatty Acids in Cryptococcus-amoeba Interactions. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:765. [PMID: 28491059 PMCID: PMC5405085 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that 3-hydroxy fatty acids promoted the survival of cryptococcal cells when acted upon by amoebae. To expand on this, the current study sought to explain how these molecules may protect cells. Our data suggest that 3-hydroxy fatty acids may subvert the internalization of cryptococcal cells via suppression of the levels of a fetuin A-like amoebal protein, which may be important for enhancing phagocytosis. Additionally, we show that an acapsular strain (that is devoid of 3-hydroxy fatty acids) was protected against the effects of hydrogen peroxide when exogenous 3-hydroxy fatty acids were present, but not in the absence of 3-hydroxy fatty acids. A similar response profile was noted when a strain with a capsule was challenged with hydrogen peroxide. We also show that cryptococcal cells that naturally produce 3-hydroxy fatty acids were more resistant to the effects of amoebapore (an amoeba-specific hydrolytic enzyme), compared to cells that do not produce these molecules. Taken together, our findings suggest that 3-hydroxy fatty acids possess an anti-phagocytic activity that may be expressed when cells interact with macrophages. This may allow the yeast cells to evade immuno-processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uju L Madu
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free StateBloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Adepemi O Ogundeji
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free StateBloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Carolina H Pohl
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free StateBloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jacobus Albertyn
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free StateBloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Olihile M Sebolai
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free StateBloemfontein, South Africa
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Potter G, Xia W, Budge SM, Speers RA. Quantitative analysis of 3-OH oxylipins in fermentation yeast. Can J Microbiol 2016; 63:100-109. [PMID: 27929655 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2016-0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the ubiquitous distribution of oxylipins in plants, animals, and microbes, and the application of numerous analytical techniques to study these molecules, 3-OH oxylipins have never been quantitatively assayed in yeasts. The formation of heptafluorobutyrate methyl ester derivatives and subsequent analysis with gas chromatography - negative chemical ionization - mass spectrometry allowed for the first determination of yeast 3-OH oxylipins. The concentration of 3-OH 10:0 (0.68-4.82 ng/mg dry cell mass) in the SMA strain of Saccharomyces pastorianus grown in laboratory-scale beverage fermentations was elevated relative to oxylipin concentrations in plant tissues and macroalgae. In fermenting yeasts, the onset of 3-OH oxylipin formation has been related to fermentation progression and flocculation initiation. When the SMA strain was grown in laboratory-scale fermentations, the maximal sugar consumption rate preceded the lowest concentration of 3-OH 10:0 by ∼4.5 h and a distinct increase in 3-OH 10:0 concentration by ∼16.5 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Potter
- Process Engineering and Applied Science, Canadian Institute of Fermentation Technology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3J 2X4, Canada.,Process Engineering and Applied Science, Canadian Institute of Fermentation Technology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3J 2X4, Canada
| | - Wei Xia
- Process Engineering and Applied Science, Canadian Institute of Fermentation Technology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3J 2X4, Canada.,Process Engineering and Applied Science, Canadian Institute of Fermentation Technology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3J 2X4, Canada
| | - Suzanne M Budge
- Process Engineering and Applied Science, Canadian Institute of Fermentation Technology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3J 2X4, Canada.,Process Engineering and Applied Science, Canadian Institute of Fermentation Technology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3J 2X4, Canada
| | - R Alex Speers
- Process Engineering and Applied Science, Canadian Institute of Fermentation Technology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3J 2X4, Canada.,Process Engineering and Applied Science, Canadian Institute of Fermentation Technology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3J 2X4, Canada
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Swart CW, Pohl CH, Kock JLF. Auger-Architectomics: Introducing a New Nanotechnology to Infectious Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 807:1-8. [DOI: 10.1007/978-81-322-1777-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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The interplay between NSAIDs and Candida albicans on the gastrointestinal tract of guinea pigs. Mycopathologia 2013; 175:221-30. [PMID: 23334509 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-013-9613-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that Candida albicans colonization is associated with several gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders and is also responsible for the delay in ulcer healing. No data are reported about the effects of C. albicans on the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)-induced necroinflammatory lesions. On the other hand, beneficial effects of NSAIDs regarding the colonization potential with C. albicans have been reported. Our aim was to investigate whether the association between NSAIDs and C. albicans could potentially induce necroinflammatory lesions in the guinea pigs gastric and enteral mucosa. Three interventional groups of 11 guinea pigs each were investigated after 5 days of receiving indomethacin, C. albicans or the association of both. C. albicans and necroinflammatory lesions were graded based on histological examinations. Statistical analysis used Mann-Whitney nonparametric test. NSAIDs did not significantly decrease C. albicans colonization grades on gastrointestinal mucosa. Administration of indomethacin subsequent to C. albicans determined significantly more severe necroinflammatory lesions compared to group that only received C. albicans. The association of NSAIDs and C. albicans did not cause significantly more severe degenerative or inflammatory lesions compared to the administration of only NSAIDs in this experimental model. Associations between NSAIDs and C. albicans caused significantly more severe necroinflammatory injuries than the lesions produced by C. albicans, without enhancing the mucosal injury or inflammation caused by NSAIDs.
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Gessler NN, Filippovich SY, Bachurina GP, Groza NV, Dorodnikova EA, Belozerskaya TA. Effect of oxylipins on Neurospora crassa growth and differentiation. Microbiology (Reading) 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261712050074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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13
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Swart C, Olivier A, Dithebe K, Pohl C, van Wyk P, Swart H, Coetsee E, Kock L. Yeast sensors for novel drugs: chloroquine and others revealed. SENSORS 2012. [PMID: 23201985 PMCID: PMC3545556 DOI: 10.3390/s121013058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study the mitochondrion is regarded as a target to reveal compounds that may be used to combat various diseases. Consequently, the sexual structures of yeasts (with high mitochondrial activity) were identified as sensors to screen for various anti-mitochondrial drugs that may be toxic to humans and that are directed, amongst others, against fungal diseases and cancer. Strikingly, these sensors indicated that chloroquine is a potent pro-mitochondrial drug which stimulated yeast sexual reproduction. In addition, these sensors also showed that some Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), anti-malarial drugs, antifungal and anticancer drugs are anti-mitochondrial. These yeast sensor bio-assays may fast track studies aimed at discovering new drugs as well as their mechanisms and should now be further evaluated for selectivity towards anti-/ pro-mitochondrials, fertility drugs and contraceptives, using in vitro, in vivo, in silico and omics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantel Swart
- UNESCO MIRCEN: Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; E-Mails: (C.S.); (A.O.); (K.D.); (C.P.)
| | - Andries Olivier
- UNESCO MIRCEN: Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; E-Mails: (C.S.); (A.O.); (K.D.); (C.P.)
| | - Khumisho Dithebe
- UNESCO MIRCEN: Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; E-Mails: (C.S.); (A.O.); (K.D.); (C.P.)
| | - Carolina Pohl
- UNESCO MIRCEN: Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; E-Mails: (C.S.); (A.O.); (K.D.); (C.P.)
| | - Pieter van Wyk
- Centre for Microscopy, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; E-Mail:
| | - Hendrik Swart
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; E-Mails: (H.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Elizabeth Coetsee
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; E-Mails: (H.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Lodewyk Kock
- UNESCO MIRCEN: Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; E-Mails: (C.S.); (A.O.); (K.D.); (C.P.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +27-51-401-2249; Fax: +27-51-401-9376
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Arachidonic acid metabolites in pathogenic yeasts. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:100. [PMID: 22873782 PMCID: PMC3475069 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although most of what is known about the biology and function of arachidonic acid metabolites comes from the study of mammalian biology, these compounds can also be produced by lower eukaryotes, including yeasts and other fungi. It is also in this group of organisms that the least is known about the metabolic pathways leading to the production of these compounds as well as the functions of these compounds in the biology of fungi and yeasts. This review will deal with the discovery of oxylipins from polyunsaturated fatty acids, and more specifically the arachidonic acid derived eicosanoids, such as 3-hydroxy eicosatetraenoic acid, prostaglandin F2α and prostaglandin E2, in yeasts starting in the early 1990s. This review will also focus on what is known about the metabolic pathways and/or proteins involved in the production of these compounds in pathogenic yeasts. The possible roles of these compounds in the biology, including the pathology, of these organisms will be discussed.
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Sebolai OM, Pohl CH, Kock LJF, Chaturvedi V, del Poeta M. The presence of 3-hydroxy oxylipins in pathogenic microbes. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2011; 97:17-21. [PMID: 22108026 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
There is a sufficient body of work documenting the distribution of 3-hydroxy oxylipins in microbes. However, there is limited information on the role of these compounds in microbial pathogenesis. When derived from mammalian cells, these compounds regulate patho-biological processes, thus an understanding of 3-hydroxy oxylipin function and metabolism could prove important in shedding light on how these compounds mediate cellular pathology and physiology. This could present 3-hydroxy oxylipin biosynthetic pathways as targets for drug development. In this minireview, we interrogate the relevant yeast and bacterial 3-hydroxy oxylipin literature in order to appreciate how these compounds may influence the inflammatory response leading to disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olihile M Sebolai
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela Drive, Park West, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa.
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Kock JLF, Swart CW, Pohl CH. The anti-mitochondrial antifungal assay for the discovery and development of new drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2011; 6:671-81. [PMID: 22646155 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2011.575358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION New targets and drugs are constantly searched for to effectively combat fungal infections and diseases such as cancer. Mitochondria, as the main powerhouses of eukaryotic cells, must be regarded as important targets for the development of new therapies. This has lead to the development of a fungal assay that shows potential in the selection of new antifungal and anticancer drugs as well as the identification of compounds that are toxic to human mitochondria. AREAS COVERED In this review the authors discuss the development of a potential method of drug discovery that targets mitochondrial function. The authors cover the application of new nanotechnology as well as fungal systematic research where the link between fungal fruiting structures, cell growth, increased mitochondrial activity and susceptibility to a variety of anti-mitochondrial drugs is assessed. EXPERT OPINION This assay shows potential to select anti-mitochondrial drugs as a first screen. This should be followed up by more specific in vitro and in vivo tests to pinpoint the type of anti-mitochondrial activity exerted by these drugs, if any. This is because the possibility exists that compounds regarded as anti-mitochondrial may not inhibit mitochondrial function but other fruiting structure developmental stages and therefore yield false positives. To enhance our knowledge on how these drugs act at the structural level, the authors recommend Nano Scanning Auger Microscopy as the tool of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lodewyk F Kock
- University of the Free State, Department of Microbial , Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, Bloemfontein , South Africa +27514012249 ; +27514019376 ;
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Lin L, Tan RX. Cross-kingdom actions of phytohormones: a functional scaffold exploration. Chem Rev 2011; 111:2734-60. [PMID: 21250668 DOI: 10.1021/cr100061j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lin
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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Leeuw NJ, Swart CW, Ncango DM, Kriel WM, Pohl CH, van Wyk PW, Kock JL. Anti-inflammatory drugs selectively target sporangium development in Mucor. Can J Microbiol 2009; 55:1392-6. [DOI: 10.1139/w09-096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It is known that acetylsalicylic acid, an anti-inflammatory and anti-mitochondrial drug, targets structure development and functions of yeasts depending on elevated levels of mitochondrial activity. Using antibody probes, we previously reported that sporangia of Mucor circinelloides also contain increased mitochondrial activity, yielding high levels of 3-hydroxyoxylipins. This was, however, not found in Mortierella alpina (subgenus Mortierella ). In this study we report that acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) also targets sporangium development of Mucor circinelloides selectively, while hyphae with lower levels of mitochondrial activity are more resistant. Similar results were obtained when the anti-inflammatory compounds benzoic acid, ibuprofen, indomethacin, and salicylic acid were tested. The anti-inflammatory drugs exerted similar effects on this dimorphic fungus as found under oxygen-limited conditions. Interestingly, sporangium development of Mortierella alpina was found not to be selectively targeted by these drugs. Mortierella alpina, which could not exhibit dimorphic growth under oxygen-limited conditions, was also more sensitive to the anti-inflammatory drugs when compared with Mucor circinelloides. These results prompt further research to assess the applicability of these antimitochondrial antifungals to protect plants and animals against Mucor infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntsoaki J. Leeuw
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Microscopy, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Chantel W. Swart
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Microscopy, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Desmond M. Ncango
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Microscopy, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Wilmarie M. Kriel
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Microscopy, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Carolina H. Pohl
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Microscopy, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Pieter W.J. van Wyk
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Microscopy, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Johan L.F. Kock
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Microscopy, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
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Swart CW, van Wyk PW, Pohl CH, Kock JL. Variation in yeast mitochondrial activity associated with asci. Can J Microbiol 2008; 54:532-6. [DOI: 10.1139/w08-036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An increase in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and mitochondrially produced 3-hydroxy (3-OH) oxylipins was experienced in asci of the nonfermentative yeasts Galactomyces reessii and Lipomyces starkeyi and the fermentative yeasts Pichia farinosa and Schizosaccharomyces octosporus . Strikingly, asci of Zygosaccharomyces bailii showed no increase in mitochondrial activity (ΔΨm and oxylipin production). As expected, oxygen deprivation only inhibited ascus formation in those yeasts with increased ascus mitochondrial activity. We conclude that ascus formation in yeasts is not always dependent on mitochondrial activity. In this case, fermentation may provide enough energy for ascus formation in Z. bailii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantel W. Swart
- UNESCO-MIRCEN: Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
- Centre for Confocal & Electron Microscopy, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Pieter W.J. van Wyk
- UNESCO-MIRCEN: Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
- Centre for Confocal & Electron Microscopy, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Carolina H. Pohl
- UNESCO-MIRCEN: Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
- Centre for Confocal & Electron Microscopy, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Johan L.F. Kock
- UNESCO-MIRCEN: Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
- Centre for Confocal & Electron Microscopy, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Ncango DM, Swart CW, Goldblatt ME, Pohl CH, Van Wyk PW, Botes PJ, Kock JL. Oxylipin and mitochondrion probes to track yeast sexual cells. Can J Microbiol 2008; 54:450-5. [DOI: 10.1139/w08-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
When oxylipin and mitochondrion probes, i.e., fluorescing antibodies specific for 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH oxylipins) and rhodamine 123 (Rh123), were added to yeast cells, these probes accumulated mainly in the sexual cells (i.e., both associated with ascospores) and not in the vegetative cells. This suggests increased mitochondrial activity in asci, since 3-OH oxylipins are mitochondrially produced and it is known that Rh123 accumulates selectively in functional mitochondria that maintain a high transmembrane potential (ΔΨm). This increased activity may be necessary for the production and effective release of the many spores found in single-celled asci. These results may be useful in the rapid identification of asci and in yeast sexual spore mechanics, which may find application in yeast systematics as well as hydro-, aero-, and nano-technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond M. Ncango
- UNESCO MIRCEN: Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Confocal & Electron Microscopy, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Chantel W. Swart
- UNESCO MIRCEN: Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Confocal & Electron Microscopy, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Monique E. Goldblatt
- UNESCO MIRCEN: Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Confocal & Electron Microscopy, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Carolina H. Pohl
- UNESCO MIRCEN: Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Confocal & Electron Microscopy, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Pieter W.J. Van Wyk
- UNESCO MIRCEN: Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Confocal & Electron Microscopy, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Piet J. Botes
- UNESCO MIRCEN: Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Confocal & Electron Microscopy, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Johan L.F. Kock
- UNESCO MIRCEN: Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Confocal & Electron Microscopy, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
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