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Kamolsripat T, Thinrungroj N, Pinyopornpanish K, Kijdamrongthum P, Leerapun A, Chitapanarux T, Thongsawat S, Praisontarangkul O, Pojchamarnwiputh S. Efficacy and safety of pinaverium bromide as an add-on therapy in refractory dyspepsia: A randomized controlled trial. JGH Open 2024; 8:e13051. [PMID: 38486875 PMCID: PMC10938259 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aim Functional dyspepsia (FD) remains a therapeutic challenge, and the efficacy of antispasmodic agents as adjunctive therapy is not well established. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pinaverium bromide added to omeprazole in treating refractory FD. Methods We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in patients with refractory dyspepsia. Participants were randomly assigned to receive pinaverium (50 mg, 3 times/day, n = 36) or placebo (n = 36) in addition to omeprazole for 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was the responder rate for adequate relief. Secondary outcomes included the Global Overall Symptom Scale (GOSS), quality of life, and safety profile. Results No statistically significant differences were observed in the adequate relief response rate between the pinaverium bromide and control group at week 2 (58.3% vs. 62.9%, P = 0.697), week 4 (62.9% vs. 78.1%, P = 0.173), week 6 (64.7% vs. 75.0%, P = 0.363), and week 8 (64.7% vs. 75.0%, P = 0.363). Additionally, there were no significant differences observed in the decline of symptom score between the two groups at week 4 (8.4 ± 7.6 vs. 7.7 ± 7.1, P = 0.702) and week 8 (10.9 ± 8.2 vs. 8.4 ± 7.2, P = 0.196). Similarly, there were no significant differences in terms of quality of life between the two groups. Adverse event rates were also comparable between the two groups. Conclusion Pinaverium bromide was found to be safe in the treatment of refractory dyspepsia, but it did not demonstrate a significant benefit in improving symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thansita Kamolsripat
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Nithi Thinrungroj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Kanokwan Pinyopornpanish
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Phuripong Kijdamrongthum
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Apinya Leerapun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Taned Chitapanarux
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Satawat Thongsawat
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Ong‐Ard Praisontarangkul
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
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Bosman M, Smeets F, Elsenbruch S, Tack J, Simrén M, Talley N, Winkens B, Masclee A, Keszthelyi D. Placebo response in pharmacological trials in patients with functional dyspepsia-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14474. [PMID: 36168188 PMCID: PMC10078497 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacological trials in functional dyspepsia (FD) are associated with high placebo response rates. We aimed to identify the magnitude and contributing factors to the placebo response. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a dichotomous outcome in adult patients with FD that compared an active pharmacotherapeutic treatment with placebo. Our main outcome was identification of the magnitude of the pooled placebo response rate for the following endpoints: symptom responder, symptom-free responder, adequate relief responder, and combined endpoint responder (i.e., the primary endpoint of each specific trial regarding treatment response). Several putative moderators (i.e., patient, disease, and trial characteristics) were examined. KEY RESULTS We included 26 RCTs in our analysis. The pooled placebo response rate was 39.6% (95% CI 30.1-50.0) using the symptom responder definition, 20.5% (12.8-31.0) using the symptom-free responder definition, 38.5% (33.8-43.6) using the adequate relief responder definition, and 35.5% (31.6-39.7) using the combined endpoint responder definition. A lower overall baseline symptom score was significantly associated with a higher placebo response rate. No other moderators were found to significantly impact the placebo response rate. Due to the lack of data, no analyses could be performed according to individual FD subtypes or symptoms. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES The pooled placebo response rate in pharmacological trials in FD is about 39%, depending on which responder definitions is used. Future trials should consider applying an entry criterion based on minimal level of symptom severity to decrease the placebo response. We also suggest separate reporting of core FD symptoms pending more concrete harmonization efforts in FD trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Bosman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fabiënne Smeets
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sigrid Elsenbruch
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Magnus Simrén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Centre for Functional GI and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicholas Talley
- NHMRC Center of research Excellence in Digestive Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bjorn Winkens
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ad Masclee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Keszthelyi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Okata T, Asanuma K, Nakagawa K, Hatta W, Koike T, Imatani A, Masamune A. The Impact of Duodenal Mucosal Vulnerability in the Development of Epigastric Pain Syndrome in Functional Dyspepsia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213947. [PMID: 36430426 PMCID: PMC9694174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An unidentified cause of functional dyspepsia (FD) is closely associated with medication resistance. Acid suppression is a traditional and preferential method for the treatment of FD, but the efficacy of this treatment varies between epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) and postprandial syndrome (PDS): it is efficient in the former but not much in the latter. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), a surrogate of mucosal barrier function, was measured under pH 3 and pH 5 acidic conditions using duodenal biopsy specimens obtained from the patients with EPS and PDS and asymptomatic healthy controls. The infiltration of inflammatory cells to the duodenal mucosa was accessed by immunohistochemical analysis. The duodenal mucosal TEER in EPS patients was decreased by exposure to the acidic solution compared to that of the controls and the PDS patients. The decrease in TEER of the EPS patients was observed even under pH 5 weak acidic condition and was correlated to degree of the epigastric pain. Moreover, the duodenal mucosa of EPS patients presented an increase in mast cells and plasma cells that expressed Ig-E. Duodenal mucosal vulnerability to acid is likely to develop EPS.
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4
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Comparative Efficacy of Various Pharmacological Interventions in the Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia: A Network Meta-Analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:187-207. [PMID: 33590403 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-06846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Patients with functional dyspepsia often select different pharmacological treatments. We aimed to compare and rank the efficacy of different pharmacological interventions in treating functional dyspepsia. METHODS We searched EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science and MEDLINE from the date of database inception to March 28, 2019. A random-effects model was selected to conduct traditional meta-analysis to directly examine the efficacy of different pharmacological interventions. The consistency model was selected to conduct a network meta-analysis to evaluate the relative effects and rank probability of different pharmacological interventions. RESULTS We included 58 trials (15,629 participants and 21 pharmacological treatments). Network meta-analysis showed that cisapride, domperidone, itopride, and levosulpiride were better than placebo, especially in short term (< 4 weeks). And levosulpiride was significantly more effective than 15 other drugs and placebo (ORs ranging between 0.05 and 0.15). Cisapride was significantly more effective than lansoprazole (OR 0.30, 95% CrI 0.09-0.99) and tegaserod (OR 0.26, 95% CrI 0.07-0.98). The rank probability showed that levosulpiride was most likely to be rank 1 (77%), cinitapride rank 2 (17%), and cisapride rank 3 (23%). CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed the effectiveness of several pharmacological treatments for ameliorating functional dyspepsia. Furthermore, levosulpiride relatively ranked the best in managing FD. Physicians should be encouraged to apply promising pharmacological interventions (e.g., levosulpiride and cisapride). However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to small study effects.
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Tanaka I, Ono S, Shimoda Y, Inoue M, Kinowaki S, Tsuda M, Ono M, Yamamoto K, Shimizu Y, Kato M, Sakamoto N. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori may improve dyspepsia in the elderly for the long term. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:445. [PMID: 34823481 PMCID: PMC8620963 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-02027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) improves symptoms of H. pylori-associated dyspepsia (HPD), but the effects of eradication in elderly patients are unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate dyspepsia symptoms and long-term effects of eradication in elderly patients. Methods This retrospective study included 496 patients who received H. pylori eradication therapy. The patients were divided into a group of elderly patients (group E: ≧ 65 years old) and a group of non-elderly patients (group N: < 65 years old). Abdominal symptoms were evaluated using a questionnaire about abdominal symptoms before eradication and after eradication (1–2 months and more than one year). Dyspepsia was defined as a score of 4 points or more for at least one of 4 items (postprandial fullness, early satiety, epigastric pain, and hunger pain). Improvement of symptoms was defined on the basis of changes in Global Overall Systems scores. Results There were no differences in abdominal symptoms before eradication between the two groups. Successful eradication improved symptoms in patients with dyspepsia within 2 months (in 75.6% (56/74) of the patients in group N and in 64.5% (20/31) of the patients in group E). The questionnaire showed that 80% (32/40) of the patients in group N and 60% (12/20) of the patients in group E had long-term relief of dyspepsia. The scores for abdominal symptoms in group E continued to improve for a mean period of 54.8 months after eradication. Conclusions Eradication of H. pylori age-independently improved dyspepsia symptoms for the long term. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-021-02027-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikko Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shoko Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiko Shimoda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masaki Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sayoko Kinowaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Momoko Tsuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Hakodate National Hospital, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamamoto
- Division of Endoscopy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shimizu
- Division of Endoscopy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Hakodate National Hospital, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Lazebnik LB, Golovanova EV, Volel BA, Korochanskaya NV, Lyalyukova EA, Mokshina MV, Mekhtiev SN, Mekhtieva OA, Metsaeva ZV, Petelin DS, Simanenkov VI, Sitkin SI, Cheremushkin SV, Chernogorova MV, Khavkin АI. Functional gastrointestinal disorders. Overlap syndrome Clinical guidelines of the Russian Scientific Medical Society of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterological Scientific Society of Russia. EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY 2021:5-117. [DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-192-8-5-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. B. Lazebnik
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “A. I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russion Federation
| | - E. V. Golovanova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “A. I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russion Federation
| | - B. A. Volel
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical State University
| | - N. V. Korochanskaya
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State Medical University” Health Ministry of Russian Federation; State Budgetary Institution of Health Care “Region Clinic Hospital Nr 2” Health Ministry of Krasnodar Region
| | - E. A. Lyalyukova
- FSBEI VO “Omsk State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health
| | - M. V. Mokshina
- Institute of therapy a. instrumental diagnostics of FSBEI VO “Pacifi c State Medical Unuversity”
| | | | | | - Z. V. Metsaeva
- Republican clinical hospital of Health Care Ministry of Northen Ossetia- Alania Republic
| | - D. S. Petelin
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical State University
| | - V. I. Simanenkov
- North- Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Ministry of health of the Russian Federation
| | - S. I. Sitkin
- North- Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Ministry of health of the Russian Federation
| | - S. V. Cheremushkin
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “A. I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russion Federation
| | - M. V. Chernogorova
- Moscow regional research and clinical Institute of M. F. Vladimirsky; GBUZ MO “Podolsk City Clinical Hospital No. 3”
| | - А. I. Khavkin
- FSBAI HPE “N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
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7
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Meta-Analysis: Placebo Response and Its Determinants in Functional Dyspepsia. Am J Gastroenterol 2021; 116:2184-2196. [PMID: 34404084 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Placebo response rates are relatively higher in clinical trials of disorders of brain-gut interaction. However, placebo response in functional dyspepsia (FD) has not been well described. Minimizing placebo response is important in drug development. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to determine placebo response in trials for FD and to identify factors affecting placebo response rates. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched to identify double-blinded randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing medication with placebo in patients with FD. Both symptom improvement and complete relief were considered as separate primary endpoints in the analysis. Proportions of placebo patients experiencing any symptom improvement or complete relief were calculated. Dropouts after randomization for any reason were assumed to represent treatment failure for data extraction and analysis. Placebo response was pooled by a random-effects model, and effects of trial characteristics on the magnitude of placebo response were evaluated. RESULTS In 58 eligible placebo-controlled RCTs of FD from 52 selected citations, 6,732 of 17,890 participants in all trials received placebo. Pooled placebo response rates for symptom improvement and complete relief were 44.3% and 15.6%, respectively. The placebo response rate was lower when improvements were assessed for ≥8 weeks. Trials assessing complete symptom relief showed lower placebo response rates even in trials for <8 weeks. DISCUSSION Our systematic review and meta-analysis showed that pooled placebo response rates in double-blinded RCTs of FD depended on efficacy criteria. Trials assessing complete symptom relief showed stable low placebo response rates in short-term trials.
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8
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Kotikula I, Thinrungroj N, Pinyopornpanish K, Kijdamrongthum P, Leerapun A, Chitapanarux T, Thongsawat S, Praisontarangkul OA. Randomised clinical trial: the effects of pregabalin vs placebo on functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021; 54:1026-1032. [PMID: 34460973 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, central neuromodulators are among the therapeutic options for the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD). Pregabalin, a gabapentinoid, is a neuromodulator that could potentially improve visceral hypersensitivity in FD patients. AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of pregabalin for the treatment of FD METHODS: We performed a randomised placebo-controlled study including FD patients who did not respond to proton pump inhibitors. Patients were randomly assigned to receive pregabalin (75 mg daily) or placebo for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was an adequate relief response rate. The secondary outcomes were improvement in quality of life, pain scores in divided categories, and safety profile. RESULTS Of 72 patients enrolled, 34 received pregabalin and 38 received placebo. The self-reported adequate relief rates in the pregabalin and placebo groups were 70.6% and 42.1% at week 4 (P = 0.02), and 70.6% and 44.7% at week 8 (P = 0.03), respectively. The reduction in global symptoms in the pregabalin and placebo groups were 11.7 ± 10.6 and 3.7 ± 8.9 points at week 4 (P < 0.01) and 15.1 ± 12.2 and 8.0 ± 10.2 points at week 8 (P = 0.01), respectively. Pregabalin improved the overall quality of life (P = 0.03). The most common adverse event with pregabalin was dizziness, occurring in 51.6% of patients. CONCLUSIONS Pregabalin led to significant alleviation of dyspeptic symptoms, especially in patients with predominant epigastric pain . Thaiclinicaltrials.org #TCTR20200404002.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isariyaphong Kotikula
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nithi Thinrungroj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Pinyopornpanish
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Phuripong Kijdamrongthum
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Apinya Leerapun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Taned Chitapanarux
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Satawat Thongsawat
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Ong-Ard Praisontarangkul
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Ford AC, Moayyedi P, Black CJ, Yuan Y, Veettil SK, Mahadeva S, Kengkla K, Chaiyakunapruk N, Lee YY. Systematic review and network meta-analysis: efficacy of drugs for functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021; 53:8-21. [PMID: 32936964 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a relapsing and remitting condition affecting between 5% and 10% of people. Efficacious therapies are available, but their relative efficacy is unknown. AIM To perform a systematic review with network meta-analysis to resolve this uncertainty. METHODS We searched the medical literature through July 2020 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing efficacy of drugs for adults with FD, compared with each other, or placebo. Trials reported a dichotomous assessment of symptom status after completion of therapy. We pooled data using a random effects model. Efficacy was reported as a pooled relative risk (RR) of remaining symptomatic with a 95% confidence interval (CI) to summarise efficacy of each comparison tested. Relative ranking was assessed with surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) probabilities. RESULTS We identified 71 eligible RCTs (19 243 participants). Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were ranked second for efficacy (RR of remaining symptomatic = 0.71; 95% CI 0.58-0.87, SUCRA 0.87), and first when only low risk of bias trials were included. Most RCTs that used TCAs recruited patients who were refractory to other drugs included in the network. Although sulpiride or levosulpiride were ranked first for efficacy (RR = 0.49; 95% CI 0.36-0.69, SUCRA 0.99), trial quality was low and only 86 patients received active therapy. TCAs were more likely to cause adverse events than placebo. CONCLUSIONS TCAs, histamine-2 receptor antagonists, standard- and low-dose proton pump inhibitors, sulpiride or levosulpiride, itopride and acotiamide were all more efficacious than placebo for FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Ford
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Paul Moayyedi
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher J Black
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Yuhong Yuan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sajesh K Veettil
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sanjiv Mahadeva
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kirati Kengkla
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Yeong Yeh Lee
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia.,Gut Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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10
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Panda MPharm SK, Nirvanashetty PhD S, Parachur BTech VA, Krishnamoorthy MPharm C, Dey MSc S. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled, Parallel-Group, Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of OLNP-06 versus Placebo in Subjects with Functional Dyspepsia. J Diet Suppl 2020; 19:226-237. [PMID: 33305631 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2020.1856996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OLNP-06 is ginger extract product standardized to higher amount of total gingerols formulated with proprietary Aqueosome technology. The safety and efficacy of OLNP-06 were evaluated in a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, parallel group comparative clinical study in subjects with functional dyspepsia (FD). Significant improvements in clinical endpoints were observed during the trial along with excellent safety profile. Fifty subjects aged between 18 and 55 years suffering from FD as per ROME III criteria were enrolled into the study. They were randomized into two treatment groups, one group received OLNP-06, 200 mg twice daily and other group received placebo 200 mg twice daily. The primary efficacy end point was global assessment of overall treatment efficacy (OTE). Secondary efficacy endpoints were elimination rate of three major symptoms (postprandial fullness, upper abdominal bloating and early satiation) and elimination rate for each individual symptom scores. Biochemical and hematological parameters including urine analysis were performed to evaluate the safety of OLNP-06. Out of 50 subjects, 48subjects completed the study. Total 79% of the subjects receiving OLNP-06 and 21% of the subjects receiving placebo (p < .05) were classified as responders according to the assessment of OTE. Elimination rate (score 0) of postprandial fullness, upper abdominal bloating and early satiation was 64% in subjects receiving ONLP-06 compared with 13% in the placebo group (p < .05). OLNP-06 was found to be safe and well tolerated as there was no incidence of treatment-related AE's. Supplementation of OLNP-06 for 4 weeks significantly reduced dyspeptic symptoms in subjects suffering from FD.Trial Registration: Clinical Trial Registry-India, CTRI/2019/09/021019, Registered on 2 Sep 2019.
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11
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-Functional Dyspepsia Overlap: Do Birds of a Feather Flock Together? Am J Gastroenterol 2020; 115:1167-1182. [PMID: 32453043 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and functional dyspepsia (FD) are 2 of the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal (GI) disorders in the Western world. Previous Rome definitions excluded patients with predominant heartburn from the definition of FD because they were considered to have GERD. However, more recent studies showed that heartburn and acid regurgitation are also common symptoms in patients with FD. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the prevalence of overlap between GERD and FD, the underlying pathophysiology and implications for treatment. METHODS A review of the literature was performed using the PubMed database, and a meta-analysis with random effects model was completed. RESULTS This review showed considerable overlap between GERD and FD. A meta-analysis on the data included in this review showed 7.41% (confidence interval [CI]: 4.55%-11.84%) GERD/FD overlap in the general population, 41.15% (CI: 29.46%-53.93%) GERD with FD symptoms, and 31.32% (CI: 19.43%-46.29%) FD with GERD symptoms. Although numerous committees and consensus groups attempted to develop uniform definitions for the diagnosis of GERD and FD, various diagnostic criteria are used across studies and clinical trials (frequency, severity, and location of symptoms). Several studies showed that the overlap between GERD and FD can be explained by a shared pathophysiology, including delayed gastric emptying and disturbed gastric accommodation. DISCUSSION For diagnoses of GERD and FD, uniform definitions that are easy to implement in population studies, easy to interpret for physicians, and that need to be well explained to patients to avoid overestimation or underestimation of true prevalence are needed. Both GERD and FD coexist more frequently than expected, based on coincidence, suggesting a potential pathophysiological link. More research is needed to explore the common GERD/FD overlap population to identify the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, which may lead to a more effective therapeutic approach.
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Yang JW, Wang LQ, Zou X, Yan SY, Wang Y, Zhao JJ, Tu JF, Wang J, Shi GX, Hu H, Zhou W, Du Y, Liu CZ. Effect of Acupuncture for Postprandial Distress Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Ann Intern Med 2020; 172:777-785. [PMID: 32422066 DOI: 10.7326/m19-2880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) is the most common subtype of functional dyspepsia. Acupuncture is commonly used to treat PDS, but its effect is uncertain because of the poor quality of prior studies. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of acupuncture versus sham acupuncture in patients with PDS. DESIGN Multicenter, 2-group, randomized clinical trial. (ISRCTN registry number: ISRCTN12511434). SETTING 5 tertiary hospitals in China. PARTICIPANTS Chinese patients aged 18 to 65 years meeting Rome IV criteria for PDS. INTERVENTION 12 sessions of acupuncture or sham acupuncture over 4 weeks. MEASUREMENTS The 2 primary outcomes were the response rate based on overall treatment effect and the elimination rate of all 3 cardinal symptoms: postprandial fullness, upper abdominal bloating, and early satiation after 4 weeks of treatment. Participants were followed until week 16. RESULTS Among the 278 randomly assigned participants, 228 (82%) completed outcome measurements at week 16. The estimated response rate from generalized linear mixed models at week 4 was 83.0% in the acupuncture group versus 51.6% in the sham acupuncture group (difference, 31.4 percentage points [95% CI, 20.3 to 42.5 percentage points]; P < 0.001). The estimated elimination rate of all 3 cardinal symptoms was 27.8% in the acupuncture group versus 17.3% in the sham acupuncture group (difference, 10.5 percentage points [CI, 0.08 to 20.9 percentage points]; P = 0.034). The efficacy of acupuncture was maintained during the 12-week posttreatment follow-up. There were no serious adverse events. LIMITATION Lack of objective outcomes and daily measurement, high dropout rate, and inability to blind acupuncturists. CONCLUSION Among patients with PDS, acupuncture resulted in increased response rate and elimination rate of all 3 cardinal symptoms compared with sham acupuncture, with sustained efficacy over 12 weeks in patients who received thrice-weekly acupuncture for 4 weeks. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Yang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (J.Y., L.W., X.Z., G.S.)
| | - Li-Qiong Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (J.Y., L.W., X.Z., G.S.)
| | - Xuan Zou
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (J.Y., L.W., X.Z., G.S.)
| | - Shi-Yan Yan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (S.Y.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., J.T.)
| | - Jing-Jie Zhao
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.Z., Y.D.)
| | - Jian-Feng Tu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., J.T.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (J.W.)
| | - Guang-Xia Shi
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (J.Y., L.W., X.Z., G.S.)
| | - Hui Hu
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (H.H.)
| | - Wei Zhou
- Huguosi Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (W.Z.)
| | - Yi Du
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.Z., Y.D.)
| | - Cun-Zhi Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (C.L.)
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Wang Y, Hou YQ, Yang JW, Wang LQ, Shao JK, Zou X, Yang NN, Huang J, Liu CZ. Acupuncture of different treatment frequency in postprandial distress syndrome: A pilot randomized clinical trial. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13812. [PMID: 32048788 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence for different frequencies of acupuncture treatment in postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) is insufficient. This study determined whether 3 sessions per week of acupuncture treatment are superior to 1 session per week for symptomatic outcomes in PDS. METHODS This 16-week randomized clinical pilot trial was conducted in an outpatient setting in China. Patients with PDS were randomly assigned to receive 3 sessions per week of acupuncture (group H) or 1 session per week of acupuncture (group L) for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the complete elimination of core symptoms at week 4. Secondary outcomes included overall treatment efficacy, dyspepsia symptoms, quality of life, anxiety, and depression. KEY RESULTS Sixty patients were randomized of whom 53 (88.3%) completed this trial. The complete elimination rate of core symptoms was 26.7% (95% CI 12.3%-45.9%) in group H and 10.0% (95% CI 2.1%-26.5%) in group L at week 4 (P = .095). There was a significant difference between H and group L at weeks 8, 12, and 16 (P = .038, .02, and .02). All secondary outcomes were better in group H at all time points. No serious adverse events occurred in either groups. CONCLUSIONS This trial showed that acupuncture, at 3 sessions per week, tended to improve symptoms and the quality of life among patients with PDS as compared to once a week. Acupuncture treatment for 4 weeks was feasible and safe. A larger sample, multicenter, randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for PDS appears to be justified in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Acupuncture Research Center, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Quan Hou
- Acupuncture Research Center, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Wen Yang
- Acupuncture Research Center, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Qiong Wang
- Acupuncture Research Center, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Kai Shao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- Acupuncture Research Center, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Na-Na Yang
- Acupuncture Research Center, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cun-Zhi Liu
- Acupuncture Research Center, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Puasripun S, Thinrungroj N, Pinyopornpanish K, Kijdamrongthum P, Leerapun A, Chitapanarux T, Thongsawat S, Praisontarangkul OA. Efficacy and Safety of Clidinium/Chlordiazepoxide as an Add-on Therapy in Functional Dyspepsia: A Randomized, Controlled, Trial. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 26:259-266. [PMID: 32235033 PMCID: PMC7176503 DOI: 10.5056/jnm19186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Siripa Puasripun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nithi Thinrungroj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Pinyopornpanish
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Phuripong Kijdamrongthum
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Apinya Leerapun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Taned Chitapanarux
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Satawat Thongsawat
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Ong-Ard Praisontarangkul
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Oh JH, Kwon JG, Jung HK, Tae CH, Song KH, Kang SJ, Kim SE, Jung K, Kim JS, Park JK, Bang KB, Baeg MK, Shin JE, Shin CM, Lee JY, Lim HC. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Functional Dyspepsia in Korea. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 26:29-50. [PMID: 31917913 PMCID: PMC6955183 DOI: 10.5056/jnm19209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a chronic upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptom complex that routine diagnostic work-up, such as endoscopy, blood laboratory analysis, or radiological examination, fails to identify a cause. It is highly prevalent in the World population, and its response to the various available therapeutic strategies is only modest because of the heterogenous nature of its pathogenesis. Therefore, FD represents a heavy medical burden for healthcare systems. We constituted a guideline development committee to review the existing guidelines on the management of functional dyspepsia. This committee drafted statements and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of various studies, guidelines, and randomized control trials. External review was also conducted by selected experts. These clinical practice guidelines for FD were developed based on evidence recently accumulated with the revised version of FD guidelines released in 2011 by the Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility. These guidelines apply to adults with chronic symptoms of FD and include the diagnostic role of endoscopy, Helicobacter pylori screening, and systematic review and meta-analyses of the various treatment options for FD (proton pump inhibitors, H.pylori eradication, and tricyclic antidepressants), especially according to the FD subtype. The purpose of these new guidelines is to aid the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of FD, and the targets of the guidelines are clinicians, healthcare workers at the forefront of patient care, patients, and medical students. The guidelines will continue to be revised and updated periodically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong Goo Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chung Hyun Tae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung Joo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyoungwon Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Joon Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Kyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Universityof Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Ki Bae Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Myong Ki Baeg
- Department of Internal Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ju Yup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
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Masuy I, Van Oudenhove L, Tack J. Review article: treatment options for functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 49:1134-1172. [PMID: 30924176 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional dyspepsia, consisting of epigastric pain syndrome and postprandial distress syndrome, is a prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder. To date, only limited treatment options are available and conflicting results in terms of efficacy have been reported. Consequently, nonpharmacological treatment options are increasingly being explored for functional dyspepsia. AIM To provide an overview of current pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment options for functional dyspepsia. METHODS A literature search was conducted on Pubmed and other sources to identify relevant studies. RESULTS Acid suppressive therapy reduced symptoms in 30%-70% of the patients, with higher benefit in epigastric pain syndrome and superior effectiveness for proton pump inhibitors compared to H2 -antagonists. Prokinetic agents, primarily used to treat postprandial distress syndrome, showed variable efficiency: 59%-81% responder rate for dopamine receptor antagonists, 32%-91% for serotonin-4-receptor agonists and 31%-80% for muscarinic receptor antagonists. H Pylori eradication, recommended in infected patients, was effective in 24%-82%. Refractory symptoms are addressed with neuromodulators. However, their efficacy in functional dyspepsia remains incompletely elucidated, available data showing symptom reduction in 27%-71% of the patients. Regarding herbal agents, peppermint oil reduced symptoms in 66%-91%, rikkunshito in 29%-34% and iberogast in 20%-95%. Lastly, acupuncture, cognitive behavioural therapy and hypnotherapy may help to provide symptom control, but research on their efficacy remains sparse. CONCLUSIONS None of the available therapies is effective in the majority of patients without being associated with major side effects. Developing new treatment options is challenging due to the heterogeneity of functional dyspepsia, the lack of readily identified target mechanisms and the poor association between pathophysiological disturbances and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Masuy
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lukas Van Oudenhove
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Majeed M, Majeed S, Nagabhushanam K, Arumugam S, Pande A, Paschapur M, Ali F. Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of a Multienzyme Complex in Patients with Functional Dyspepsia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. J Med Food 2018; 21:1120-1128. [PMID: 30156436 PMCID: PMC6249666 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a highly prevalent disorder having nonspecific symptoms and varied pathophysiology. Its treatment remains a challenge as therapeutic options are limited, unsatisfactory, and elusive. Thus, safety and efficacy of DigeZyme®, a proprietary multienzyme complex (MEC), was evaluated as a dietary supplement in FD patients. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, 40 patients were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to receive either MEC (50 mg, TID; n = 20) or placebo (n = 20) for 60 days. Reports of adverse or serious adverse events (AEs), abnormal results of vital signs, abnormal findings during physical examination, and abnormal laboratory investigations were monitored closely. Efficacy measures were change in Short-Form Leeds Dyspepsia Questionnaire (SF-LDQ), Nepean Dyspepsia Index-Short Form (NDI-SF), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Clinical Global Impression Severity Rating Scale (CGI-S), and Glasgow Dyspepsia Severity Score (GDSS) at baseline and follow-up visits on day 15, 30, and 60. Supplementation with MEC was associated with statistically significant differences (P value ranging from .0401 to .0033) in all efficacy parameters compared with placebo. The between-group comparison also revealed that MEC supplement had a significantly greater effect (P < .001) versus placebo. No investigation product-related AEs were reported. There were no clinically significant abnormalities in physical findings and no statistically significant changes in biochemical and hematological parameters, vital signs, body weight, and body mass index observed between the two groups at baseline and follow-up visits. MEC supplementation represents an effective and safe alternative to manage dyspepsia symptoms in FD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Majeed
- 1 Sami Labs Limited , Bangalore, Karnataka, India .,2 Sabinsa Corporation , East Windsor, New Jersey, USA.,3 Sabinsa Corporation , Payson, Utah, USA.,4 ClinWorld Private Limited , Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shaheen Majeed
- 1 Sami Labs Limited , Bangalore, Karnataka, India .,2 Sabinsa Corporation , East Windsor, New Jersey, USA.,3 Sabinsa Corporation , Payson, Utah, USA
| | | | | | - Anurag Pande
- 2 Sabinsa Corporation , East Windsor, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Furqan Ali
- 1 Sami Labs Limited , Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Takeuchi T, Takahashi Y, Kawaguchi S, Ota K, Harada S, Kojima Y, Sakamoto H, Kuramoto T, Kojima K, Sanomura M, Hoshimoto M, Higashino T, Itabashi T, Takada K, Sakaguchi M, Tominaga K, Kusano M, Higuchi K. Therapy of gastroesophageal reflux disease and functional dyspepsia overlaps with symptoms after usual-dose proton pump inhibitor: Acotiamide plus usual-dose proton pump inhibitor versus double-dose proton pump inhibitor. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:623-630. [PMID: 28865098 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and functional dyspepsia (FD) often coexist or overlap. In this study, the efficacy of acotiamide in combination with a standard dose of rabeprazole for GERD and FD was compared with that of a double dose of rabeprazole. METHODS Patients with overlap between GERD and FD experiencing heartburn and epigastric fullness symptoms after standard-dose proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for ≥ 8 weeks were randomized into two groups and received either acotiamide 300 mg/day + rabeprazole 10 mg/day or rabeprazole 20 mg/day for 4 weeks. Efficacy was assessed by reductions in symptom scores using the Izumo scale questionnaire and modified F-scale questionnaire. RESULTS As the primary endpoint, three upper gastrointestinal symptoms (heartburn, epigastralgia, and epigastric fullness) were reduced by ≥ 50% in 40.8% and 46.9% of patients in the combination and PPI double-dose groups, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups. Essentially similar results were obtained for the modified F-scale questionnaire. No serious adverse events were noted. CONCLUSIONS Acotiamide 300 mg/day in combination with rabeprazole 10 mg/day or rabeprazole 20 mg/day relieved symptoms in patients with overlap between GERD and FD experiencing heartburn and epigastric fullness symptoms after standard-dose PPI for ≥ 8 weeks, and the efficacies did not differ between the two treatments. The combination therapy may be an alternative option for persistent symptoms in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihisa Takeuchi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Takahashi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinpei Kawaguchi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ota
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Harada
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kojima
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Katsuragi Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Keishi Kojima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sousei Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Sanomura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hokusetsu General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Tsukasa Itabashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hanwasumiyoshi General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ko Takada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shitennoji Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sakaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Moriguchi Keijinkai Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunari Tominaga
- Premier Developmental Research of Medicine, Osaka Medical Collage, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Kusano
- Department of Endoscopy and Endoscopic Surgery, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Higuchi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
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Pinto‐Sanchez MI, Yuan Y, Hassan A, Bercik P, Moayyedi P. Proton pump inhibitors for functional dyspepsia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 11:CD011194. [PMID: 29161458 PMCID: PMC6485982 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011194.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional dyspepsia (FD or non-ulcer dyspepsia) is defined as continuous or frequently recurring epigastric pain or discomfort for which no organic cause can be found. Acid suppressive therapy, including proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), has been proposed as a therapeutic option in FD, but its efficacy remains controversial. While PPIs are generally considered safe and well tolerated, they have been associated with adverse events, especially in the long term. For this reason, decisions on whether to initiate or continue PPI therapy should be made based on an appropriate clinical indication. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate whether PPI therapy provides symptomatic relief in FD. OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy of proton pump inhibitors in the improvement of global symptoms of dyspepsia and quality of life compared to placebo, H2 receptor antagonists or prokinetics, in people with functional dyspepsia. SEARCH METHODS We searched in the following electronic databases: the Cochrane Library (to May 2017), MEDLINE (OvidSP; to May 2017), Embase (OvidSP; to May 2017), and SIGLE grey literature (up to May 2017) and clinical trial registries; we handsearched abstracts from conferences up to May 2017. We screened non-systematic reviews, systematic reviews and guidelines to identify any additional trials. We contacted trialists to obtain missing information. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing any PPI with placebo, H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) or prokinetics for the treatment of FD of at least two weeks' duration. Participants were adults (aged 16 years or greater) with an adequate diagnosis of FD (any validated criteria such as Rome I, II, III or Lancet Working Group). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed eligibility and trial quality, and extracted data. We collected data on dyspeptic symptoms, quality of life and number of overall adverse events. Specific adverse events were beyond the scope of this review. MAIN RESULTS We identified 25 RCTs from 27 papers (with 8453 participants) studying the effect of PPIs versus placebo, H2RAs or prokinetics for improvement of global symptoms of dyspepsia and quality of life in people with FD. Low-dose PPIs had similar efficacy as standard-dose PPIs, therefore we combined these subgroups for the analysis. PPI was more effective than placebo at relieving overall dyspepsia symptoms in people with FD (risk ratio (RR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82 to 0.94; participants = 6172; studies = 18; number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) 11; moderate quality evidence). PPIs may have little or no effect compared with H2RAs (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.04; participants = 740; studies = 2; low quality evidence), and may be slightly more effective than prokinetics (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.99; participants = 1033; studies = 5; NNTB 16; low quality evidence) at relieving overall dyspepsia symptoms in people with FD. PPIs plus prokinetics have probably little or no effect compared with PPIs alone at relieving overall dyspepsia symptoms (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.08; participants = 407; studies = 2; moderate quality evidence).There was no difference when subgrouped by Helicobacter pylori status, country of origin, or presence of reflux or Rome III subtypes. There were no differences in the number of adverse events observed between PPIs and any of the other treatments. There were fewer adverse events in the combination of PPI plus prokinetics compared to prokinetics alone (RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.93; participants = 407; studies = 2; moderate quality evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is evidence that PPIs are effective for the treatment of FD, independent of the dose and duration of treatment compared with placebo. PPIs may be slightly more effective than prokinetics for the treatment of FD; however, the evidence is scarce. The trials evaluating PPIs versus prokinetics are difficult to interpret as they are at risk of bias. Although the effect of these drugs seems to be small, the drugs are well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuhong Yuan
- McMaster UniversityDepartment of Medicine, Division of GastroenterologyHamiltonONCanada
| | | | - Premysl Bercik
- McMaster UniversityDepartment of Medicine, Division of GastroenterologyHamiltonONCanada
| | - Paul Moayyedi
- McMaster UniversityDepartment of Medicine, Division of GastroenterologyHamiltonONCanada
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Lv L, Wang FY, Ma XX, Li ZH, Huang SP, Shi ZH, Ji HJ, Bian LQ, Zhang BH, Chen T, Yin XL, Tang XD. Efficacy and safety of Xiangsha Liujunzi granules for functional dyspepsia: A multi-center randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:5589-5601. [PMID: 28852318 PMCID: PMC5558122 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i30.5589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of a Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), Xiangsha Liujunzi granules, in the treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia (FD). METHODS We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with patients from three centers. Two hundred and sixteen subjects diagnosed with FD according to ROME III criteria and confirmed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and spleen-deficiency and Qi-stagnation syndrome were selected to receive Xiangsha Liujunzi granules or placebo for 4 wk in a 2:1 ratio by blocked randomization. The subjects also received follow-up after the 4-wk intervention. Herbal or placebo granules were dissolved in 300 mL of water. Participants in both groups were administered 130 mL (45 °C) three times a day. Participants were evaluated prior to and following 4 wk of the intervention in terms of changes in the postprandial discomfort severity scale (PDSS) score, clinical global impression (CGI) scale score, hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) score, traditional Chinese medicine symptoms score (SS), scores of various domains of the 36-item short form health survey (SF-36), gastric emptying (GE) and any observed adverse effects. RESULTS Compared with the placebo group, patients in the CHM group showed significant improvements in the scores of PDSS, HADS, SS, SF-36 and CGI scale (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). They also showed the amelioration in the GE rates of the proximal stomach and distal stomach (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Xiangsha Liujunzi granules offered significant symptomatic improvement in patients with FD.
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Moayyedi P, Lacy BE, Andrews CN, Enns RA, Howden CW, Vakil N. ACG and CAG Clinical Guideline: Management of Dyspepsia. Am J Gastroenterol 2017. [PMID: 28631728 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2017.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We have updated both the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) and the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology (CAG) guidelines on dyspepsia in a joint ACG/CAG dyspepsia guideline. We suggest that patients ≥60 years of age presenting with dyspepsia are investigated with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to exclude organic pathology. This is a conditional recommendation and patients at higher risk of malignancy (such as spending their childhood in a high risk gastric cancer country or having a positive family history) could be offered an endoscopy at a younger age. Alarm features should not automatically precipitate endoscopy in younger patients but this should be considered on a case-by-case basis. We recommend patients <60 years of age have a non-invasive test Helicobacter pylori and treatment if positive. Those that are negative or do not respond to this approach should be given a trial of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. If these are ineffective tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) or prokinetic therapies can be tried. Patients that have an endoscopy where no pathology is found are defined as having functional dyspepsia (FD). H. pylori eradication should be offered in these patients if they are infected. We recommend PPI, TCA and prokinetic therapy (in that order) in those that fail therapy or are H. pylori negative. We do not recommend routine upper gastrointestinal (GI) motility testing but it may be useful in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Moayyedi
- Division of Gastroenterology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian E Lacy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Robert A Enns
- Division of Gastroenterology, St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Pacific Gastroenterology Associates, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Colin W Howden
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nimish Vakil
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Vakil N, Vieth M, Wernersson B, Wissmar J, Dent J. Diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is enhanced by adding oesophageal histology and excluding epigastric pain. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:1350-1357. [PMID: 28318045 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in clinical practice is limited by the sensitivity and specificity of symptoms and diagnostic testing. AIM To determine if adding histology as a criterion and excluding patients with epigastric pain enhances the diagnosis for GERD. METHODS Patients with frequent upper gastrointestinal symptoms who had not taken a proton pump inhibitor in the previous 2 months and who had evaluable distal oesophageal biopsies were included (Diamond study: NCT00291746). Epithelial hyperplasia was identified when total epithelial thickness was at least 430 μm. Investigation-based GERD criteria were: presence of erosive oesophagitis, pathological oesophageal acid exposure and/or positive symptom-acid association probability. Symptoms were assessed using the Reflux Disease Questionnaire and a pre-specified checklist. RESULTS Overall, 127 (55%) of the 231 included patients met investigation-based GERD criteria and 195 (84%) met symptom-based criteria. Epithelial hyperplasia was present in 89 individuals, of whom 61 (69%) met investigation-based criteria and 83 (93%) met symptom-based criteria. Adding epithelial hyperplasia as a criterion increased the number of patients diagnosed with GERD on investigation by 28 [12%; number needed to diagnose (NND): 8], to 155 (67%). The proportion of patients with a symptom-based GERD diagnosis who met investigation-based criteria including epithelial hyperplasia was significantly greater when concomitant epigastric pain was absent than when it was present (P < 0.05; NND: 8). CONCLUSIONS Histology increases diagnosis of GERD and should be performed when clinical suspicion is high and endoscopy is negative. Excluding patients with epigastric pain enhances sensitivity for the diagnosis of GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vakil
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Vieth
- Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - J Wissmar
- AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - J Dent
- Royal Adelaide Hospital and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional dyspepsia (FD or non-ulcer dyspepsia) is defined as continuous or frequently recurring epigastric pain or discomfort for which no organic cause can be found. Acid suppressive therapy, including proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), has been proposed as a therapeutic option in FD, but its efficacy remains controversial. While PPIs are generally considered safe and well tolerated, they have been associated with adverse events, especially in the long term. For this reason, decisions on whether to initiate or continue PPI therapy should be made based on an appropriate clinical indication. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate whether PPI therapy provides symptomatic relief in FD. OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy of proton pump inhibitors in the improvement of global symptoms of dyspepsia and quality of life compared to placebo, H2 receptor antagonists or prokinetics, in people with functional dyspepsia. SEARCH METHODS We searched in the following electronic databases: the Cochrane Library (to January 2016), MEDLINE (OvidSP; to February 2016), Embase (OvidSP; to February 2016), and SIGLE grey literature (up to February 2016) and clinical trial registries; we handsearched abstracts from conferences up to February 2016. We screened non-systematic reviews, systematic reviews and guidelines to identify any additional trials. We contacted trialists to obtain missing information. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing any PPI with placebo, H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) or prokinetics for the treatment of FD. Participants were adults (aged 16 years or greater) with an adequate diagnosis of FD (any validated criteria such as Rome I, II, III or Lancet Working Group). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed eligibility, trial quality and extracted data. We collected data on dyspeptic symptoms, quality of life and number of overall adverse events. Specific adverse events were beyond the scope of this review. MAIN RESULTS We identified 23 RCTs from 22 papers (with 8759 participants) studying the effect of PPIs versus placebo, H2RAs or prokinetics for improvement of global symptoms of dyspepsia and quality of life in people with FD. Low-dose PPIs had similar efficacy as standard-dose PPIs, therefore we combined these subgroups for the analysis. Two to eight weeks of therapy with PPI was slightly more effective than placebo at relieving overall dyspepsia symptoms in people with FD (risk ratio (RR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82 to 0.94; participants = 5968; studies = 16; number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) 13; moderate quality evidence). PPIs may be slightly more effective than H2RAs (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.04; participants = 740; studies = 2, NNTB 13; low quality evidence), and slightly more effective than prokinetics (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.00; participants = 892; studies = 4; NNTB 20; low quality evidence) at relieving overall dyspepsia symptoms in people with FD. PPIs plus prokinetics were possibly slightly more effective than PPIs alone at relieving overall dyspepsia symptoms (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.08; participants = 407; studies = 2; NNTB 18; moderate quality evidence).The was no difference when subgrouped by Helicobacter pylori status, country of origin, or presence of reflux or Rome III subtypes. There were no differences in the number of adverse events observed between PPIs and any of the other treatments. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is evidence that PPIs are effective for the treatment of FD, independent of the dose and duration of treatment compared with placebo. PPIs may be slightly more effective than H2RAs for the treatment of FD; however, the evidence is scarce. The trials evaluating PPIs versus prokinetics are difficult to interpret as they are at risk of bias. Although the effect of these drugs seems to be small, the drugs are well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuhong Yuan
- McMaster UniversityDepartment of Medicine, Division of GastroenterologyHamiltonCanada
| | - Premysl Bercik
- McMaster UniversityDepartment of Medicine, Division of GastroenterologyHamiltonCanada
| | - Paul Moayyedi
- McMaster UniversityDepartment of Medicine, Division of GastroenterologyHamiltonCanada
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Asaoka D, Nagahara A, Hojo M, Matsumoto K, Ueyama H, Matsumoto K, Izumi K, Takeda T, Komori H, Akazawa Y, Shimada Y, Osada T, Watanabe S. Efficacy of a potassium-competitive acid blocker for improving symptoms in patients with reflux esophagitis, non-erosive reflux disease, and functional dyspepsia. Biomed Rep 2016; 6:175-180. [PMID: 28357069 PMCID: PMC5351306 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of a potassium-competitive acid blocker (PCAB) named vonoprazan (VPZ) for improving symptoms in patients with reflux esophagitis (RE), non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), and functional dyspepsia (FD). A hospital-based, retrospective study of outpatients in our department (Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, Tokyo, Japan) between March 2015 and August 2016 was performed. The patients who were experiencing heartburn, acid regurgitation, gastric pain, and/or a heavy feeling in the stomach of at least moderate severity at baseline were treated with 20 mg VPZ once daily for 4 weeks. The patients completed the global overall symptom (GOS) scale to determine their symptom severity at baseline and after the 4 week treatment period. The proportions of patients with RE, NERD, and FD achieving improvement of their symptoms, defined as a GOS scale score of 1 ('no problem') or 2 ('minimal problem'), were evaluated. During 4 weeks of VPZ therapy, changes in the gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) score, which was defined as the total points for heartburn and acid regurgitation on the GOS scale in patients with RE and NERD, and in the FD score, which was defined as the total points for gastric pain and a heavy feeling in the stomach on the GOS scale in patients with FD, were also evaluated. A total of 88 eligible cases were included in the present study, comprising 20 patients with RE, 25 patients with NERD, and 43 patients with FD. The rates of symptomatic improvement in patients with RE, NERD, and FD were 75.0, 60.0, and 48.8%, respectively. For the patients who were first administered VPZ, the rates of symptomatic improvement were 90.9, 66.7, and 58.8% in patients with RE, NERD, and FD, respectively. For those patients who were resistant to 8 weeks of proton pump inhibitor therapy, the rates of symptomatic improvement were 55.6, 53.8, and 42.3% in patients with RE, NERD, and FD, respectively. The GERD score in patients with RE and NERD, and the FD score in FD patients, were decreased after 4 weeks of VPZ therapy (P<0.01). In patients with RE, NERD and FD, the possibility that PCAB may be used as a novel therapeutic drug was suggested. However, the number of study subjects was small; therefore, further, larger and prospective studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Asaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Akihito Nagahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
| | - Mariko Hojo
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kenshi Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroya Ueyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kohei Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kentaro Izumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Komori
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoichi Akazawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuji Shimada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
| | - Taro Osada
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Sumio Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Majewski M, Sarosiek I, Cooper CJ, Wallner G, McCallum RW, Edlavitch SA, Sarosiek J. Gastric pH and Therapeutic Responses to Exsomeprazole in Patients With Functional Dyspepsia: Potential Clinical Implications. Am J Med Sci 2016; 352:582-592. [PMID: 27916213 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapy for functional dyspepsia remains a challenge. This study aimed to evaluate esomeprazole (E) versus placebo (P) regarding (1) the effectiveness in providing relief of abdominal pain or discomfort during 16 weeks of therapy in patients with functional dyspepsia having moderate or severe symptoms; (2) the effects on gastric acid suppression and (3) the relationship between symptom relief and gastric pH. METHODS Enrolled patients were randomized to E (n = 38) or P (n = 35) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Outcomes were measured at four 4-week intervals. Drug dose titrated at each visit, based on relief of abdominal symptoms. The 24-hour gastric pH was monitored at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks. RESULTS After 4 weeks, 71% of E patients (40mg) reported satisfactory symptom relief versus 34% of P patients (P < 0.001). When the dose for nonresponders (NR) was titrated to 40mg twice daily, the E relief rate increased to 82% versus 56% in P group (P < 0.05). During the next 4 weeks, with dose decreased by half in responders, E response rate declined to 69% versus 48% in P group (P < 0.10). When the dose was increased for NR during the last 4 weeks, E rate increased to 83% versus 57% in P group (P < 0.05). At 4 and 8 weeks for E responders and NR, patients׳ pH >4 value increased significantly compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS (1) Though E 40mg once daily is superior to P, some patients benefit from 40mg twice daily; (2) E, 40mg once daily, profoundly inhibits gastric acid secretion; (3) intragastric pH monitoring before and after therapy may help address the relationship between symptomatic relief and gastric acid secretion and (4) some patients respond to monitored titrated placebo therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Sarosiek
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center of El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Chad J Cooper
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center of El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | | | - Richard W McCallum
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center of El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Stanley A Edlavitch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri.
| | - Jerzy Sarosiek
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center of El Paso, El Paso, Texas.
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Mössner J. The Indications, Applications, and Risks of Proton Pump Inhibitors. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 113:477-83. [PMID: 27476707 PMCID: PMC4973002 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2016.0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are the most effective drugs for inhibiting gastric acid secretion. They have been in clinical use for more than 25 years, In 2014, 3.475 billion daily defined doses (DDD) of PPI were prescribed in Germany. This high number alone calls for a critical analysis of the spectrum of indications for PPI and their potential adverse effects. METHODS This review is based on pertinent publications retrieved by a selective search in the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases, with particular emphasis on randomized, prospective multicenter trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and meta-analyses. RESULTS The inhibition of gastric acid secretion with PPI is successfully used for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease and of gastric and duodenal ulcers, for the secondary prevention of gastroduodenal lesions that have arisen under treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetylsalicylic acid, and for the prevention of recurrent hemorrhage from ulcers after successful endoscopic hemostasis. PPI are given along with practically all antibiotic regimens for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. The number of prescriptions for PPI has risen linearly over the past 25 years. As there has been no broadening of indications, one may well ask whether the current, extensive use of PPI is justified. There is evidence that patients taking PPI are at greater risk for fractures. Moreover, the vitamin B12 level should be checked occasionally in all patients taking PPI. CONCLUSION PPI are among the more effective drugs for the treatment of diseases associated with gastric acid. In view of their cost and potential adverse effects, they should only be prescribed for scientifically validated indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Mössner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Germany: Mössner
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27
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Mayanagi S, Kishino M, Kitagawa Y, Sunamura M. Efficacy of acotiamide in combination with esomeprazole for functional dyspepsia refractory to proton-pump inhibitor monotherapy. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2015; 234:237-40. [PMID: 25382232 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.234.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a gastroduodenal disorder that presents as postprandial fullness, early satiation, or epigastric burning despite no evidence of a structural disease. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are often the first choice for treating FD. However, some patients need additional medication because of residual symptoms despite a certain level of benefit from the PPI. For these patients, a combination of PPI and other agents has a possibly more beneficial effect than changing their medication. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an initial PPI followed by combination therapy with PPI and acotiamide in FD patients with residual symptoms after an initial PPI. We enrolled 105 patients who started an initial PPI (20 mg of esomeprazole once a day). Twenty-three patients with residual symptoms received 100 mg of acotiamide, a cholinesterase inhibitor, three times a day with esomeprazole as a combination therapy for 2 weeks. The symptoms were evaluated using the modified Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (mFSSG). Eighteen of 23 patients (78%) achieved an overall improvement in symptoms. Almost all FD-related symptoms statistically improved after the combination therapy, with an improvement in the mFSSG score relevant to the postprandial distress syndrome and epigastric pain syndrome. The symptoms improved regardless of age, sex, and the pre-combination therapy score of the mFSSG. Our findings suggest that the combination therapy of acotiamide and PPI may be effective in selected FD patients with insufficient improvement with an initial PPI. However, well-designed trials are required to confirm the efficacy.
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Stanghellini V, Cogliandro R. Review article: adherence to Rome criteria in therapeutic trials in functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 40:435-66. [PMID: 25056101 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Rome criteria are currently required by health authorities for the inclusion of patients affected by functional dyspepsia in therapeutic trials. However, the degree of adherence to these criteria has not been formally verified. AIM To review adherence to the Rome criteria for inclusion criteria, outcome measures and endpoints in therapeutic trials on functional dyspepsia and the potential impact on the conclusions that can be drawn from these studies. METHODS A total of 1818 articles were screened. Fifty-eight trials claiming to include adults affected by functional dyspepsia as defined by the Rome criteria published as full articles in English between 2000 and 2013 were considered. RESULTS Lack of full adherence to the Rome criteria of inclusion criteria was found in 54% of the studies, due to inclusion of patients with symptoms not reported in the Rome criteria or definitions of dyspeptic symptom that varied from those proposed by the Rome criteria. Ninety-five per cent of clinical trials adopted therapeutic outcome measures that were not adherent to the Rome criteria, using questionnaires that did not include all dyspeptic symptoms or including symptoms other than those proposed by the Rome criteria. CONCLUSIONS Stringent criteria have not been adopted for inclusion criteria and outcome measures in the vast majority of published studies on functional dyspepsia that claim to have been carried out according to the Rome criteria. Appropriate questionnaires should be developed to promote adherence to internationally accepted definitions of the syndrome in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Stanghellini
- Department of Digestive Diseases and Internal Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Efficacy and safety of acotiamide for the treatment of functional dyspepsia: systematic review and meta-analysis. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:541950. [PMID: 25197703 PMCID: PMC4146483 DOI: 10.1155/2014/541950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no treatments with established efficacy for this disorder so far. AIM To systematically review the efficacy of acotiamide in the treatment of patients with FD. METHODS We searched main electronic databases through November 2013. RCTs evaluating the efficacy of acotiamide versus placebo in FD patients were included. Pooled risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidential interval (CI) was calculated. RESULTS Six publications including seven RCTs were eligible for inclusion. The summary RR of overall improvement of FD symptoms in patients receiving acotiamide versus placebo was 1.29 (95% CI, 1.19-1.40, P < 0.00001; I(2) = 15%). Acotiamide improved the symptoms of patients with postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.09-1.53, P = 0.003; I(2) = 0%), and the summary RR for patients with epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.76-1.11, P = 0.39; I(2) = 0%). Acotiamide showed a significantly beneficial effect on the elimination of some individual FD symptoms compared with placebo. Adverse events were not significantly different between acotiamide and placebo groups. Subgroup analyses suggested that acotiamide 100 mg three times daily (tid) showed consistent efficacy not only for the overall improvement but also for the elimination of some individual symptoms in FD patients. CONCLUSIONS Acotiamide has the potential to improve the symptoms of patients with FD, particularly of patients with PDS, without major adverse effects. The dosage of acotiamide 100 mg tid might be the appropriate dose in the treatment of FD.
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Suzuki H, Kusunoki H, Kamiya T, Futagami S, Yamaguchi Y, Nishizawa T, Iwasaki E, Matsuzaki J, Takahashi S, Sakamoto C, Haruma K, Joh T, Asakura K, Hibi T. Effect of lansoprazole on the epigastric symptoms of functional dyspepsia (ELF study): A multicentre, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. United European Gastroenterol J 2014; 1:445-52. [PMID: 24917996 DOI: 10.1177/2050640613510904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the publication of the Rome III criteria for functional dyspepsia (FD), the evidence about the efficacy of half-dose of proton pump inhibitors for dyspepsia symptoms have been limited. OBJECTIVE To examine the efficacy of lansoprazole for functional dyspepsia (FD) diagnosed with the Rome III criteria by the multicentre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in Japan. METHODS A total of 54 FD participants were randomized to lansoprazole 15 mg once daily or placebo for a 4-week double-blind treatment period. The primary efficacy endpoint was an overall dyspeptic symptom relief rate evaluated by 5-point Likert scale scores. The alteration of dyspeptic symptom scores during the study period was also assessed. RESULTS At week 4, the overall dyspeptic symptom relief rates were higher in the lansoprazole group (30.4%) than in the placebo group (6.7%) (p = 0.045). The scores for epigastric pain (p = 0.045) and epigastric burning (p = 0.03) were significantly improved in the lansoprazole group compared to the placebo group, whereas the improvement of the scores for postprandial fullness (p = 0.81) and early satiation (p = 0.33) was not different between lansoprazole and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS Lansoprazole 15 mg ameliorates dyspeptic symptoms, particularly the epigastric pain syndrome-related symptoms of FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kusunoki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kamiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Seiji Futagami
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Yamaguchi
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nishizawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Iwasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juntaro Matsuzaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan ; Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Takahashi
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Choitsu Sakamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Haruma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Joh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keiko Asakura
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Hibi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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From ischochymia to gastroparesis: proposed mechanisms and preferred management of dyspepsia over the centuries. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:1088-98. [PMID: 24715546 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-014-3144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dyspeptic symptoms are common with most patients suffering functional disorders that remain a therapeutic challenge for medical practitioners. Within the last three decades, gastric infection, altered motility, and hypersensitivity have gained and lost traction in explaining the development of functional dyspepsia. Considering these shifts, the aim of this review was to analyze changing understanding of and approaches to dyspepsia over a longer time period. Monographs, textbooks, and articles published during the last three centuries show that our understanding of normal gastric function has improved dramatically. With increased insight came new ideas about disease mechanisms, diagnostic options, and treatments. Despite shifts over time, the importance of functional abnormalities was recognized early on and explained in the context of societal influences and stressors, anxieties, and biological influences, thus resembling the contemporary biopsychosocial model of illness. Symptoms were often attributed to changes in secretion, motility, and sensation or perception with technological innovation often influencing proposed mechanisms and treatments. Many of the principles or even agents applied more than a century ago are still part of today's approach. This includes acid suppression, antiemetics, analgesics, and even non-pharmacologic therapies, such as gastric decompression or electrical stimulation of the stomach. This historical information does not only help us understand how we arrived at our current state of knowledge and standards of care, it also demonstrates that enthusiastic adoption of various competing explanatory models and the resulting treatments often did not survive the test of time. In view of the benign prognosis of dyspepsia, the data may function as a call for caution to avoid the potential harm of overly aggressive approaches or treatments with a high likelihood of adverse effects.
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Abstract
Dyspepsia is a complex disorder with several distinct pathophysiologic mechanisms that are still poorly understood. Patients who experience dyspepsia have a high burden of disease, with significant personal and economic costs. Although serious pathology presenting as dyspepsia is rare, clinicians need to be aware of alarm features that should trigger prompt referral for subspecialty care. Those without alarm features can be managed in a rational way with either empiric antisecretory therapy, test-and-treat for H pylori eradication, antidepressants, and psychotherapy, or a combination of these. Given the heterogeneity of symptoms and large variability in response to different treatments, more research into specific pathophysiologic mechanisms will likely help guide diagnosis and treatment choices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryann Katherine Overland
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Primary Care Clinic, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.
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Nagahara A, Suzuki T, Nagata N, Sugai N, Takeuchi Y, Sakurai K, Miyamoto M, Inoue K, Akiyama J, Mabe K, Konuma I, Kamada T, Haruma K. A multicentre randomised trial to compare the efficacy of omeprazole versus rabeprazole in early symptom relief in patients with reflux esophagitis. J Gastroenterol 2014; 49:1536-47. [PMID: 24366288 PMCID: PMC4258614 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-013-0925-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are affected by cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) polymorphisms. This study compared the effect of two PPIs on early symptom relief in Japanese patients with reflux esophagitis, classified by the CYP2C19 phenotype. METHODS Patients with reflux esophagitis were randomised to treatment with omeprazole 20 mg or rabeprazole 10 mg once daily. The CYP2C19 phenotype [homozygous extensive metaboliser (homoEM), heterozygous extensive metaboliser (heteroEM) or poor metaboliser (PM)] of each patient was determined. The primary efficacy endpoint was early, sufficient (Global Overall Symptom scale score 1 or 2), sustained (maintained for ≥7 days) reflux symptom relief. RESULTS Of the 199 patients included in this analysis, the proportion achieving sufficient, sustained reflux symptom relief was higher with omeprazole than with rabeprazole on day 1 (35.6 vs. 22.4%; p = 0.041) and day 2 (43.6 vs. 28.6%; p = 0.028); there was no significant difference between the two groups on days 3-7. Among patients with the CYP2C19 PM phenotype, sufficient, sustained reflux symptom relief was higher with omeprazole than with rabeprazole on days 4-7 (62.5-66.9 vs. 31.6%; p ≤ 0.03); differences were not significant on days 1-3, or among those with the homoEM or heteroEM phenotypes on days 1-7. CONCLUSIONS In Japanese patients with reflux esophagitis, omeprazole 20 mg is more effective than rabeprazole 10 mg at achieving early, sufficient, sustained reflux symptom relief in individuals with the CYP2C19 PM phenotype, and is similarly effective to rabeprazole 10 mg in those with heteroEM or homoEM phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Nagahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Metropolitan Police Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyoshi Nagata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nozomu Sugai
- Department of Gastroenterology, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Takeuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouichi Sakurai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Miyamoto
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Inoue
- Department of General Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Junichi Akiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Mabe
- Division of Endoscopy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Tomoari Kamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ken Haruma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
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Iwakiri R, Tominaga K, Furuta K, Inamori M, Furuta T, Masuyama H, Kanke K, Nagahara A, Haruma K, Kinoshita Y, Higuchi K, Takahashi S, Kusano M, Iwakiri K, Kato M, Hongo M, Hiraishi H, Watanabe S, Miwa H, Naito Y, Fujimoto K, Arakawa T. Randomised clinical trial: rabeprazole improves symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia in Japan. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 38:729-40. [PMID: 23957383 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for treating functional dyspepsia (FD) is not well established. AIM This study, named the SAMURAI study, aimed to assess the efficacy and dose-response relationship of rabeprazole in Japanese patients with FD in a multicentre, double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. METHODS Investigated FD was diagnosed using the Rome III criteria. Subjects who did not respond to 1 week of single-blind placebo treatment in a run-in period were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of double-blind treatment with rabeprazole 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg or placebo, once daily. Dyspeptic symptoms were assessed by a dyspepsia symptom questionnaire (7-point Likert scale) and symptom diary. RESULTS Of 392 subjects entered into the run-in period, 338 were randomly assigned. Although there was no significant difference between placebo and rabeprazole groups in complete symptom relief for four major dyspeptic symptoms, the satisfactory symptom relief of rabeprazole 20 mg was significantly higher than placebo according to the dyspepsia symptom questionnaire (45.3% vs. 28.2%, P = 0.027) and the symptom diary assessment (48.7% vs. 30.0%, P = 0.016). The efficacy was not influenced by syndrome type or Helicobacter pylori status. No statistically significant differences in the incidence of adverse events were seen among treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Rabeprazole 20 mg once daily but not 10 or 40 mg significantly provides satisfactory symptom relief for functional dyspepsia (ClinicalTrials.gov, Number NCT01089543).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Iwakiri
- Department of Internal Medicine & Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan.
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de Groot NL, Spiegel BMR, van Haalen HGM, de Wit NJ, Siersema PD, van Oijen MGH. Gastroprotective strategies in chronic NSAID users: a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing single-tablet formulations with individual components. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2013; 16:769-777. [PMID: 23947970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of competing gastroprotective strategies, including single-tablet formulations, in the prevention of gastrointestinal (GI) complications in patients with chronic arthritis taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). METHODS We performed a cost-utility analysis to compare eight gastroprotective strategies including NSAIDs, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), histamine-2 receptor antagonists, misoprostol, and single-tablet formulations. We derived estimates for outcomes and costs from medical literature. The primary outcome was incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained. We performed sensitivity analyses to assess the effect of GI complications, compliance rates, and drug costs. RESULTS For average-risk patients, NSAID + PPI cotherapy was most cost-effective. The NSAID/PPI single-tablet formulation became cost-effective only when its price decreased from €0.78 to €0.56 per tablet, or when PPI compliance fell below 51% in the NSAID + PPI strategy. All other strategies were more costly and less effective. The model was highly sensitive to the GI complication risk, costs of PPI and NSAID/PPI single-tablet formulation, and compliance to PPI. In patients with a threefold higher risk of GI complications, both NSAID + PPI cotherapy and single-tablet formulation were cost-effective. CONCLUSIONS NSAID + PPI cotherapy is the most cost-effective strategy in all patients with chronic arthritis irrespective of their risk for GI complications. For patients with increased GI risk, the NSAID/PPI single-tablet formulation is also cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L de Groot
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Moshiree B, Barboza J, Talley N. An update on current pharmacotherapy options for dyspepsia. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2013; 14:1737-53. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2013.809063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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37
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Quigley EMM, Lacy BE. Overlap of functional dyspepsia and GERD--diagnostic and treatment implications. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 10:175-86. [PMID: 23296247 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2012.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
GERD and functional dyspepsia are the two most prevalent upper gastrointestinal disorders. Gastro-oesophageal reflux is most commonly diagnosed using the cardinal symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation. Patients might also be diagnosed using a questionnaire, after empiric treatment with an acid suppressant, after upper endoscopy or by pH testing. Functional dyspepsia is best diagnosed using symptoms outlined by the Rome committee in conjunction with a normal upper endoscopy. Theoretically, distinguishing these two populations should be easy for all health-care providers. In reality, however, carefully separating out these two populations can be quite difficult, as substantial overlap exists epidemiologically, symptomatically and even diagnostically. This overlap renders precise diagnosis a challenge; given the limited treatment options, the primary goal is to identify those patients who will respond to acid suppressive therapy. Despite the frequency with which functional dyspepsia and GERD overlap, remarkably few studies have investigated this overlap. Most recommendations are based on data derived from separate studies of functional dyspepsia and GERD. A further limitation of existing studies is their failure to differentiate between the various diagnostic categories into which the individual presenting with heartburn might belong.
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Joo MK, Park JJ, Lee BJ, Kim JH, Yeon JE, Kim JS, Byun KS, Bak YT. The effect of a proton pump inhibitor on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats. Mol Med Rep 2013; 7:1267-72. [PMID: 23426758 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies revealed that long-term intake of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) increases the risk of vertebral or hip fracture; however, the exact mechanism for this is not known. To evaluate the effect of long-term PPI therapy on bone turnover, we analyzed the signaling pathway involved in osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption/formation markers using ovariectomized rats. Six-week-old Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats were ovariectomized, and two weeks later they were divided into four groups (group A, normal diet + placebo; group B, low calcium diet + placebo; group C, normal diet + PPI; and group D, low calcium diet + PPI). Omeprazole, at a concentration of 30 mg/kg, was administered orally for eight weeks and the rats were sacrificed when they were 16 weeks old. The relative expression levels of the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio, c-Fos, nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) and osteocalcin in femoral bone marrow cells were compared, and serum C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I (CTX-1) levels were determined. The relative ratio of RANKL/OPG was increased in group D, and gene expression levels of c-Fos and NFATc1 were upregulated in groups B and D, which are involved in differentiation and activation of osteoclasts. Furthermore, expression levels of osteocalcin, a bone formation marker, were decreased and levels of serum CTX-1, a bone resorption marker, were increased in group D. Taken together, a low calcium diet and PPI administration are thought to collaborate in order to alter osteoclast activity and bone resorption signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Kyung Joo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea
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Lacy BE, Talley NJ, Locke GR, Bouras EP, DiBaise JK, El-Serag HB, Abraham BP, Howden CW, Moayyedi P, Prather C. Review article: current treatment options and management of functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36:3-15. [PMID: 22591037 PMCID: PMC3970847 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional dyspepsia (FD), a common functional gastrointestinal disorder, is defined by the Rome III criteria as symptoms of epigastric pain or discomfort (prevalence in FD of 89-90%), postprandial fullness (75-88%), and early satiety (50-82%) within the last 3 months with symptom onset at least 6 months earlier. Patients cannot have any evidence of structural disease to explain symptoms and predominant symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux are exclusionary. Symptoms of FD are non-specific and the pathophysiology is diverse, which explains in part why a universally effective treatment for FD remains elusive. AIM To present current management options for the treatment of FD (therapeutic gain/response rate noted when available). RESULTS The utility of Helicobacter pylori eradication for the treatment of FD is modest (6-14% therapeutic gain), while the therapeutic efficacy of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) (7-10% therapeutic gain), histamine-type-2-receptor antagonists (8-35% therapeutic gain), prokinetic agents (18-45%), tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) (response rates of 64-70%), serotonin reuptake inhibitors (no better than placebo) is limited and hampered by inadequate data. This review discusses dietary interventions and analyses studies involving complementary and alternative medications, and psychological therapies. CONCLUSIONS A reasonable treatment approach based on current evidence is to initiate therapy with a daily PPI in H. pylori-negative FD patients. If symptoms persist, a therapeutic trial with a tricyclic antidepressant may be initiated. If symptoms continue, the clinician can possibly initiate therapy with an anti-nociceptive agent, a prokinetic agent, or some form of complementary and alternative medications, although evidence from prospective studies to support this approach is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Lacy
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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Therapeutic effects of famotidine on chronic symptomatic gastritis: subgroup analysis from FUTURE study. J Gastroenterol 2012; 47:377-86. [PMID: 22183857 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-011-0503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A therapeutic strategy for symptomatic patients with chronic gastritis has not been established. Gastric acid has been reported to induce a variety of unpleasant abdominal symptoms. We investigated whether the histamine H2 receptor antagonist famotidine attenuated upper abdominal symptoms in patients with chronic gastritis. METHODS In this multicenter prospective single-arm open-label study, 10,311 patients with a clinical diagnosis of chronic symptomatic gastritis were enrolled and each patient was administered famotidine at 20 mg/day for 4 weeks. The intensity levels of upper abdominal symptoms, epigastralgia, epigastric fullness, and heartburn were evaluated using a face scale (grade 0-4). Abdominal symptom-related quality of life (QOL) impairment was also evaluated, using an Izumo scale before and after famotidine administration. In a subgroup analysis, symptomatic responses in patients diagnosed with functional dyspepsia (FD) according to the Rome III criteria were analyzed. RESULTS In 8,460 patients who completed the protocol, famotidine administration significantly attenuated epigastralgia, epigastric fullness, and heartburn, and famotidine also attenuated abdominal symptom-related QOL impairment in all patients with chronic symptomatic gastritis, in those with FD-like symptoms without organic disease, and in those with FD as defined by the Rome III criteria. CONCLUSION Famotidine is effective to relieve abdominal symptoms and improve QOL, not only in patients with Rome III-defined FD, but also in those with chronic symptomatic gastritis.
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Sugano K. Should we still subcategorize helicobacter pylori-associated dyspepsia as functional disease? J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011; 17:366-71. [PMID: 22148105 PMCID: PMC3228976 DOI: 10.5056/jnm.2011.17.4.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia is a group of disorders featuring symptoms believed to be derived from the stomach and duodenum such as upper abdominal discomfort, pain, postprandial fullness and early satiety. A key diagnostic requisite is the absence of organic, metabolic, or systemic disorders to explain "dyspeptic symptoms." Therefore, when peptic ulcer diseases (including scars), erosive esophagitis and upper gastrointestinal malignancies are found at endoscopic examinations, the diagnosis of functional dyspepsia is excluded. One notable exception, however, is Helicobacter pylori infection. According to the Rome III definition, H. pylori infection is included in functional dyspepsia. This is an obvious deviation from the diagnostic principle of functional dyspepsia, since H. pylori infection is a definite cause of mucosal inflammation, which affects a number of important gastric physiologies such as acid secretion, gastric endocrine function and motility. The chronic persistent nature of infection also results in more dramatic mucosal changes such as atrophy or intestinal metaplasia, the presence of which in the esophagus (Barrett's esophagus) precludes the diagnosis of functional dyspepsia. Since careful endoscopic examination can diagnose reliably H. pylori infection not only in Japan but also in Western contries, it is now feasible and more logical to exclude patients with chronic gastritis caused by H. pylori infection as having dyspeptic symptoms. It is time to establish the Asian consensus to declare that H. pylori infection should be separated from functional dyspepsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Sugano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
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Jee SR, Jung HK, Min BH, Choi KD, Rhee PL, Kang YW, Lee SI. [Guidelines for the treatment of functional dyspepsia]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2011; 57:67-81. [PMID: 21350319 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2011.57.2.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is defined as the presence of symptoms thought to originate in the gastroduodenal area, in the absence of any organic, systemic, or metabolic disease that is likely to explain the symptoms. Based on the available evidence and consensus opinion, thirteen consensus statements for the treatment of FD were developed using the modified Delphi approach. Proton pump inhibitor, prokinetics, and histamine 2 receptor antagonists are effective for the treatment of FD. Mucosal protecting agents, fundus relaxant, and drugs for visceral hypersensitivity can improve symptoms in FD. Antacids and antidepressants may help improving symptoms in FD. Comparing endoscopy with 'test and treat' of Helicobacter pylori, endoscopy may be more effective initial strategy for managing patients with FD in Korea given high incidence of gastric cancer and low cost of endoscopy. Helicobacter pylori eradication can be one of the therapeutic options for patients with FD. Psychotherapy is effective for those who have severe symptoms and refractoriness. Further studies are strongly needed to develop better treatment strategies for Korean patients with FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Ryong Jee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Abstract
In the Rome III classification, functional dyspepsia (FD) has been further subcategorized into two different syndromes, namely, epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) and postprandial distress syndrome (PDS). Acid-related pathophysiology seems to be mainly responsible for EPS, and antisecretory agents such as proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) seem to be effective mainly against EPS. However, recent information as to the relationship between initial duodenal acid sensitization in the early postprandial phase and delayed gastric emptying in the later postprandial phase would suggest the amelioration of PDS by antisecretory agents. In the present review, we summarized the recent literature on the direct and indirect effect of PPIs in FD (including not only Rome III, but also Rome II criteria). The effects of PPIs against FD are heterogeneous, depending on the protocol of the clinical studies, and the inclusion criteria of each randomized controlled trial (primary care or tertiary care population). As the placebo effects cannot be ignored in this disease, a placebo-controlled study would be necessary, at least for the evaluation of the effect of each agent on symptom relief in patients with FD. Further studies directly comparing PPIs with suitable placebos in terms of their effects in reducing the symptoms of endoscopically confirmed, Rome III-based FD are awaited.
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Lafutidine 10 mg versus Rabeprazole 20 mg in the Treatment of Patients with Heartburn-Dominant Uninvestigated Dyspepsia: A Randomized, Multicentric Trial. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2011; 2011:640685. [PMID: 21687618 PMCID: PMC3113257 DOI: 10.1155/2011/640685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Empirical therapy with antisecretory agents like PPIs and H2RAs has long been the traditional approach in the initial management of uninvestigated dyspepsia. Aim. The objective of the study was to examine relief of dyspepsia with lafutidine, a second-generation H(2)-RA, and rabeprazole and to compare their efficacy. Methods. This was a randomized, open, comparative trial in adult uninvestigated dyspeptic patients, who had at least moderate severity of symptoms, defined as a score of ≥4 on a 7-point global overall symptom (GOS) scale, and were randomized to receive once daily either lafutidine 10 mg or rabeprazole 20 mg for 4 weeks. Results. A total of 236 patients were enrolled, out of which 194 patients were included in the analysis. At the end of week 4, a significant difference was observed for symptom relief (lafutidine 89.90% versus rabeprazole 65.26%, P < .01) and symptom resolution (lafutidine 70.71% versus rabeprazole 25.26%, P < .01). Both the drugs were well tolerated. Conclusion. Both lafutidine and rabeprazole provide symptom relief in patients with heartburn-dominant uninvestigated dyspepsia. The present study confirms the appropriateness of lafutidine as an empiric treatment and superior efficacy for primary care practice patients with dyspepsia.
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Ang D, Talley NJ, Simren M, Janssen P, Boeckxstaens G, Tack J. Review article: endpoints used in functional dyspepsia drug therapy trials. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33:634-49. [PMID: 21223343 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04566.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of patient-reported outcomes (PRO) in treatment trials for functional gastrointestinal disorders is a matter of controversy. AIM To focus on instruments and endpoints that have been used to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic agents in functional dyspepsia (FD) trials, also considering the newly defined Rome III FD criteria. METHODS A Medline search was conducted to identify relevant studies pertaining to FD treatment, with particular emphasis on the studies to date which have used validated outcome measures. RESULTS Currently available outcome measures are heterogeneous across studies. They include global binary endpoints, analogue or categorical scoring scales, uni- or multi-dimensional disease specific questionnaires, global outcome evaluations and quality of life questionnaires. Across the available outcome measures, substantial heterogeneity is found, not only in the type of endpoint measure, but also in the number and types of symptoms that are considered to be part of the FD symptom complex. Especially based on content validity, none of the existing questionnaires or endpoints can be considered sufficiently validated to be recommended unequivocally as the primary outcome measure for FD trials according to the Rome III criteria. On the other hand, existing well-validated multi-dimensional questionnaires that include many non-FD symptoms can be narrowed down to evaluate only the cardinal symptoms according to Rome III. CONCLUSIONS There is an urgent need to develop Rome III-based patient-reported outcomes for functional dyspepsia. Well-validated multi-dimensional questionnaires may serve as a guidance for this purpose, and could also be considered for use in ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ang
- Center for Gastroenterological Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
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Hsu YC, Liou JM, Yang TH, Hsu WL, Lin HJ, Wu HT, Lin JT, Wang HP, Wu MS. Proton pump inhibitor versus prokinetic therapy in patients with functional dyspepsia: is therapeutic response predicted by Rome III subgroups? J Gastroenterol 2011; 46:183-90. [PMID: 20957498 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-010-0334-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The comparative effectiveness of proton pump inhibitor versus prokinetic therapy in relieving the symptoms of patients with functional dyspepsia remains unknown. Whether the Rome III subgroups predict therapeutic response has not been investigated. METHODS This was an open-label, parallel randomized controlled trial. A total of 329 adult outpatients fulfilling the Rome III criteria for functional dyspepsia were randomly allocated to receive either lansoprazole 30 mg once daily (n = 166) or mosapride 5 mg thrice daily (n = 163) for 2 weeks. Enrolled patients were evaluated with the validated Hong Kong Index questionnaire for symptom severity at baseline and at the end of the trial. The primary outcome was symptom relief as defined by the Hong Kong Index, and the secondary outcome was decrease of symptom scores. Post-hoc multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent predictors for therapeutic response. RESULTS After 2-week therapy, 50.6% (84/166) and 47.85% (78/163) of the patients treated with lansoprazole and mosapride, respectively, achieved significant symptom relief (odds ratio 1.12, 95% confidence interval 0.72-1.72, p = 0.62). Differences in decreases of symptom scores between lansoprazole and mosapride receivers were also insignificant (-0.08, 95% confidence interval -1.25 to 1.09, p = 0.89). Therapeutic responses to either pharmacotherapy did not differ in the subgroup of patients fulfilling the criteria for epigastric pain syndrome (n = 256) or in those fulfilling the criteria for postprandial distress syndrome (n = 161). Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that the treatment allocation and Rome III subgroup were unrelated to treatment outcome. CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of proton pump inhibitor therapy and that of prokinetic therapy in functional dyspepsia are not different, and cannot be predicted by Rome III subgroups (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00663897).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chun Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chang AB, Lasserson TJ, Gaffney J, Connor FL, Garske LA. Gastro-oesophageal reflux treatment for prolonged non-specific cough in children and adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; 2011:CD004823. [PMID: 21249664 PMCID: PMC6885040 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004823.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is said to be the causative factor in up to 41% of adults with chronic cough. Treatment for GORD includes conservative measures (diet manipulation), pharmaceutical therapy (motility or prokinetic agents, H(2)-antagonist and proton pump inhibitors (PPI)) and fundoplication. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of GORD treatment on chronic cough in children and adults with GORD and prolonged cough that is not related to an underlying respiratory disease, i.e. non-specific chronic cough. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register, the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, review articles and reference lists of relevant articles. The date of last search was 8 April 2010. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on GORD treatment for cough in children and adults without primary lung disease. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted study authors for further information. MAIN RESULTS We included 19 studies (six paediatric, 13 adults). None of the paediatric studies could be combined for meta-analysis. A single RCT in infants found that PPI (compared to placebo) was not efficacious for cough outcomes (favouring placebo OR 1.61; 95% CI 0.57 to 4.55) but those on PPI had significantly increased adverse events (OR 5.56; 95% CI 1.18 to 26.25) (number needed to treat for harm in four weeks was 11 (95% CI 3 to 232)). In adults, analysis of H(2) antagonist, motility agents and conservative treatment for GORD was not possible (lack of data) and there were no controlled studies of fundoplication. We analysed nine adult studies comparing PPI (two to three months) to placebo for various outcomes in the meta-analysis. Using intention-to-treat, pooled data from studies resulted in no significant difference between treatment and placebo in total resolution of cough (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.19 to 1.15). Pooled data revealed no overall significant improvement in cough outcomes (end of trial or change in cough scores). We only found significant differences in sensitivity analyses. We found a significant improvement in change of cough scores at end of intervention (two to three months) in those receiving PPI (standardised mean difference -0.41; 95% CI -0.75 to -0.07) using generic inverse variance analysis on cross-over trials. Two studies reported improvement in cough after five days to two weeks of treatment. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS PPI is not efficacious for cough associated with GORD symptoms in very young children (including infants) and should not be used for cough outcomes. There is insufficient data in older children to draw any valid conclusions. In adults, there is insufficient evidence to conclude definitely that GORD treatment with PPI is universally beneficial for cough associated with GORD. Clinicians should be cognisant of the period (natural resolution with time) and placebo effect in studies that utilise cough as an outcome measure. Future paediatric and adult studies should be double-blind, randomised controlled and parallel-design, using treatments for at least two months, with validated subjective and objective cough outcomes and include ascertainment of time to respond as well as assessment of acid and/or non-acid reflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne B Chang
- Queensland Children's Respiratory Centre and Queensland Children's Medical Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, Brisbane and Menzies School of Health Research, CDU, DarwinHerston RoadHerstonBrisbaneAustralia4029
| | - Toby J Lasserson
- The Cochrane CollaborationCochrane Editorial Unit29 Queen Elizabeth StreetLondonUKSE21 2LP
| | - Justin Gaffney
- Royal Children's HospitalRespiratory MedicineHerston RoadHerstonBrisbaneAustralia4029
| | - Frances L Connor
- Royal Children's HospitalGastroenterologyHerston RoadHerstonBrisbaneAustralia4029
| | - Luke A Garske
- Princess Alexandra HospitalRespiratory MedicineIpswish RdWoolloongabbaBrisbaneAustraliaQ4102
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Dabos KJ, Sfika E, Vlatta LJ, Frantzi D, Amygdalos GI, Giannikopoulos G. Is Chios mastic gum effective in the treatment of functional dyspepsia? A prospective randomised double-blind placebo controlled trial. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 127:205-209. [PMID: 19961914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2009] [Revised: 11/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal remedies are increasingly popular for the treatment of functional dyspepsia. Chios mastic gum is a resinous exudate from the stem of Pistacia lentiscus var. chia. It is a traditional natural remedy used throughout the eastern Mediterranean. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of Chios mastic gum in patients with functional dyspepsia. METHODS One hundred and forty eight patients fulfilling Rome II criteria for functional dyspepsia were randomly assigned to receive either Chios mastic gum 350 mg three times daily or placebo. After 3 weeks of treatment the change from baseline in the severity of symptoms of functional dyspepsia was assessed using the Hong Kong index of dyspepsia. Patients' global assessment of efficacy was also evaluated. RESULTS The symptom score after treatment was significantly lower in the Chios mastic gum than in the placebo group ((14.78+/-1.78) vs (19.96+/-1.83)) (p<0.05). There was a marked improvement of symptoms in 40% of patients receiving placebo and in 77% of patients receiving Chios mastic gum (p<0.02). Individual symptoms that showed significant improvement with Chios mastic gum were: stomach pain in general, stomach pain when anxious, dull ache in the upper abdomen and heartburn (<0.05 for all four symptoms). CONCLUSION Chios mastic gum significantly improves symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia compared to placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos J Dabos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chios General Hospital Skylitsion, Chios, Greece.
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Kusunoki H, Kusaka M, Kido S, Yamauchi R, Fujimura Y, Watanabe Y, Kobori M, Miwa H, Tomita T, Kin Y, Hori K, Tano N, Sugimoto K, Nakamura Y, Fujimoto K, Oza N, Matsunobu A, Ono N, Fuyuno S, Kinoshita Y, Adachi K, Yuki M, Fujisawa T, Haruma K. Comparison of the effects of omeprazole and famotidine in treatment of upper abdominal symptoms in patients with reflux esophagitis. J Gastroenterol 2009; 44:261-70. [PMID: 19280112 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-009-0003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) with H(2) receptor antagonist (H(2)RA) in treatment of upper abdominal symptoms. METHODS This was a multi-center, open study conducted at 102 hospitals in Japan. Patients with reflux esophagitis received famotidine 10 mg twice daily for 2 weeks, then omeprazole 10 mg once daily for 2 weeks. Thereafter, patients were switched to famotidine 10 mg twice daily for a third 2-weekperiod, provided those with a medical condition agreed to continue the study. Patients evaluated the treatment response to each gastrointestinal symptom using a predefined patient questionnaire and gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS). RESULTS 161 patients entered the study, of whom 8 were excluded from all analyses due to lack of participation following entry. Overall symptom improvement rate (n = 130) at week 4, after the 2-week omeprazole treatment, was 75.4% and this was significantly higher than that after the first 2-week famotidine treatment (41.5%) at week 2. In patients (n = 36) who completed 6 weeks of treatment, 2-week omeprazole treatment at week 4 showed a significantly higher overall symptom improvement rate compared with both the first 2-week and third 2-week famotidine treatments. CONCLUSIONS Omeprazole was superior to famotidine for treatment of upper abdominal symptoms in patients with reflux esophagitis, which suggested that gastric acid might be a cause not only of reflux symptoms, but also of ulcer symptoms and dysmotility symptoms such as epigastric pain and feeling of fullness in reflux esophagitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kusunoki
- Department of General Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan.
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van Rensburg C, Berghöfer P, Enns R, Dattani ID, Maritz JF, Gonzalez Carro P, Fischer R, Schwan T. Efficacy and safety of pantoprazole 20 mg once daily treatment in patients with ulcer-like functional dyspepsia. Curr Med Res Opin 2008; 24:2009-18. [PMID: 18534050 DOI: 10.1185/03007990802184545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of pantoprazole 20 mg once daily (o.d.) in relieving epigastric pain associated with ulcer-like functional dyspepsia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study, patients experiencing ulcer-like functional dyspepsia, with epigastric pain as the predominant symptom, were randomised to receive pantoprazole 20 mg or placebo o.d. for 28 days. Primary endpoint was the complete relief (i.e. absence) from epigastric pain after 28 days' treatment. The odds ratio (OR) for pantoprazole/placebo and its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined. Significant superiority of pantoprazole was concluded if the value 1.0 was above this interval. RESULTS Of 419 patients (intention-to-treat [ITT]) randomised to treatment, 207 received pantoprazole and 212 received placebo. Epigastric pain relief was achieved after 28 days' treatment in 55% of pantoprazole recipients and 45% of placebo recipients (per-protocol [PP]: 58% and 47%, respectively). Pantoprazole demonstrated statistically significant superiority compared with placebo in the ITT (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.46-0.99) and PP populations (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.42-0.98). Pantoprazole was more efficacious than placebo in relieving heartburn and acid regurgitation after 7, 14 and 28 days of treatment. The sum score of gastrointestinal symptoms after 28 days was statistically significantly lower in the pantoprazole than placebo group. Fewer patients receiving concomitant psychotropic medication experienced relief from epigastric pain than those not receiving such medication. Adverse events did not significantly differ between pantoprazole and placebo. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study suggest that pantoprazole 20 mg is more efficacious than placebo, and is a well-tolerated treatment for relieving epigastric pain in patients with ulcer-like functional dyspepsia. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
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