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Zarrouk H, Karibian D, Godard I, Perry M, Caroff M. Use of mass spectrometry to compare three O-chain-linked and free lipopolysaccharide cores: differences found in Bordetella parapertussis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/096805199700400609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plasma desorption mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry methods were used to investigate the molecular differences between lipopolysaccharide free core molecules and core molecules substituted by O-chains in Bordetella parapertussis, Salmonella ohio, and Escherichia coli 0119. The B. parapertussis analysis indicated a difference in mass of 569 amu corresponding to 3 distal sugars comprising terminal residues of heptose, galactosaminuronic acid, and, N-acetyl-N-methylfucosamine, a result supported by evidence from NMR and serology. No differences were evident in the analyses of cores in either S. ohio or E. coli O119, although the first O-chain unit carried by S. ohio core lacked a terminal glucose present in the residual O-chain repeating units.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Zarrouk
- Equipe 'Endotoxines', ERS 571 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - D. Karibian
- Equipe 'Endotoxines', ERS 571 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - I. Godard
- Equipe 'Endotoxines', ERS 571 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - M.B. Perry
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M. Caroff
- Equipe 'Endotoxines', ERS 571 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay, France, -psud.fr
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Chen W, Balakonis P, Tsai CM. Detection of lipopolysaccharides blotted on nylon membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/096805199600200603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive method for the detection of Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) blotted on nylon membranes is described. LPSs are separated by SDS-PAGE and then electrophoretically transferred to nylon membranes. Immobilized LPS is oxidized with periodate and then reacted with a hydrazide conjugated to the steroid, digoxigenin. LPS is visualized by alkaline phosphatase labelled antibodies against the steroid and the enzyme substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate/nitro blue tetrazolium. LPS banding patterns of both rough (R-) and smooth (S-) type LPSs from over 15 different bacterial species are similar to those of silver stained companion gels, but without nonspecific staining of proteins. The detection of S-LPS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa F-D type 1 and R-LPS from Escherichia coli K12 is sensitive to 10-20 ng per lane. The use of this detection system in combination with antibody or lectin studies on identical blots can provide an effective tool in locating the precise position of certain epitopes or sequences in both R- and S-type LPSs on the blots.
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Affiliation(s)
- W.H. Chen
- Division of Bacterial Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - P. Balakonis
- Division of Bacterial Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - C-M. Tsai
- Division of Bacterial Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Glucosamine found as a substituent of both phosphate groups in Bordetella lipid A backbones: role of a BvgAS-activated ArnT ortholog. J Bacteriol 2008; 190:4281-90. [PMID: 18424515 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01875-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endotoxins are amphipathic lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), major constituents of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. They consist of a lipid region, covalently linked to a core oligosaccharide, to which may be linked a repetitive glycosidic chain carrying antigenic determinants. Most of the biological activities of endotoxins have been associated with the lipid moiety of the molecule: unique to gram-negative bacteria, LPS is a ligand of the mammalian TLR4-MD2-CD14 pathogen recognition receptor complex. Lipid A preparations are often heterogeneous with respect to both the numbers and the lengths of fatty acids and the natures of substituents on the phosphate groups when present. The variants can significantly affect host immune responses. Nine species in the Bordetella genus have been described, and the fine LPS structures of seven of them have been published. In this report, lipids A from Bordetella pertussis Tohama I and B. bronchiseptica strain 4650 were further characterized and revealed to have a glucosamine substituting both lipid A phosphate groups of the diglucosamine backbone. These substitutions have not been previously described for bordetellae. Moreover, a B. pertussis transposon mutation that maps within a gene encoding a Bordetella ArnT (formerly PmrK) glycosyl transferase ortholog does not carry this substitution, thus providing a genetic basis for the modification. Reverse transcriptase PCR of this locus showed that it is Bvg regulated, suggesting that the ability of Bordetella to modify lipid A via this glucosamine modification is a potential virulence trait.
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Mattoo S, Cherry JD. Molecular pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of respiratory infections due to Bordetella pertussis and other Bordetella subspecies. Clin Microbiol Rev 2005; 18:326-82. [PMID: 15831828 PMCID: PMC1082800 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.18.2.326-382.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 778] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella respiratory infections are common in people (B. pertussis) and in animals (B. bronchiseptica). During the last two decades, much has been learned about the virulence determinants, pathogenesis, and immunity of Bordetella. Clinically, the full spectrum of disease due to B. pertussis infection is now understood, and infections in adolescents and adults are recognized as the reservoir for cyclic outbreaks of disease. DTaP vaccines, which are less reactogenic than DTP vaccines, are now in general use in many developed countries, and it is expected that the expansion of their use to adolescents and adults will have a significant impact on reducing pertussis and perhaps decrease the circulation of B. pertussis. Future studies should seek to determine the cause of the unique cough which is associated with Bordetella respiratory infections. It is also hoped that data gathered from molecular Bordetella research will lead to a new generation of DTaP vaccines which provide greater efficacy than is provided by today's vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Mattoo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1752, USA
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Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharides are the major components of the outer surface of Gram-negative bacteria They are often of interest in medicine for their immunomodulatory properties. In small amounts they can be beneficial, but in larger amounts they may cause endotoxic shock. Although they share a common architecture, their structural details exert a strong influence on their activity. These molecules comprise: a lipid moiety, called lipid A, which is considered to be the endotoxic component, a glycosidic part consisting of a core of approximately 10 monosaccharides and, in "smooth-type" lipopolysaccharides, a third region, named O-chain, consisting of repetitive subunits of one to eight monosaccharides responsible for much of the immunospecificity of the bacterial cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Caroff
- Equipe Endotoxines, UMR 8619 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IBBMC, Université de Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France.
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Allen AG, Isobe T, Maskell DJ. Identification and cloning of waaF (rfaF) from Bordetella pertussis and use to generate mutants of Bordetella spp. with deep rough lipopolysaccharide. J Bacteriol 1998; 180:35-40. [PMID: 9422589 PMCID: PMC106845 DOI: 10.1128/jb.180.1.35-40.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/1997] [Accepted: 09/12/1997] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A DNA locus from Bordetella pertussis capable of reconstituting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigen biosynthesis in Salmonella typhimurium SL3789 (rfaF511) has been isolated, by using selection with the antibiotic novobiocin. DNA within the locus encodes a protein with amino acid sequence similarity to heptosyltransferase II, encoded by waaF (previously rfaF) in other gram-negative bacteria. Mutation of this gene in B. pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis, and Bordetella bronchiseptica by allelic exchange generated bacteria with deep rough LPS phenotypes consistent with the proposed function of the gene as an inner core heptosyltransferase. These are the first LPS mutants generated in B. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica and the first deep rough mutants of any of the bordetellae.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Allen
- Centre for Veterinary Science, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Turcotte ML, Martin D, Brodeur BR, Peppler MS. Tn5-induced lipopolysaccharide mutations in Bordetella pertussis that affect outer membrane function. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 1997; 143 ( Pt 7):2381-2394. [PMID: 9245820 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-143-7-2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An LPSB-specific mAb was used to screen for ten Tn5 insertion mutants of Bordetella pertussis which have LPS which is phenotypically distinct from either wild-type LPSAB or LPSB. Silver-strained SDS-PAGE gels showed nine different LPS phenotypes, six of which contain two clinically undocumented LPS bands, designated IntA and IntB based on their proximity to the LPSA and LPSB bands, respectively. Binding assays with LPSA- and LPSB-specific mAbs established changes in epitope exposure for the various mutant LPS, both in cell-free form and as presented on the surface of whole cells. The possible involvement of a number of genes, both structural and regulatory, was indicated in production of the altered phenotypes. PFGE and Southern blotting showed that the Tn5 inserts of seven mutants mapped to a region of the B. pertussis chromosome shown previously to encode the bpl gene products of LPS biosynthesis. Mutants MLT3, MLT5 and MLT8, however, mapped to distinctly different parts of the chromosome. In addition, mutants MLT2 and MLT3 contributed to an accelerated frequency in the appearance of avirulent phase organisms despite their Tn5 inserts being over 1000 bp from the bvglASR locus. The alterations in LPS structure in the mutants changed their reactivity to strain-specific mAbs and their sensitivity to hydrophobic and hydrophilic antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Turcotte
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, 1-69 Medical Sciences Bldg, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7
| | - Denis Martin
- Unite de recherche en vaccinologie, Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2
| | - Bernard R Brodeur
- Unite de recherche en vaccinologie, Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2
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Preston A, Mandrell RE, Gibson BW, Apicella MA. The lipooligosaccharides of pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. Crit Rev Microbiol 1996; 22:139-80. [PMID: 8894399 DOI: 10.3109/10408419609106458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipooligosaccharides (LOSs) are the major glycolipids expressed on mucosal Gram-negative bacteria, including members of the genera Neisseria, Haemophilus, Bordetella, and Branhamella. They can also be expressed on some enteric bacteria such as Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains. LOS is analogous to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in other Gram-negative families. LOSs share similar lipid A structures with an identical array of functional activities as LPSs. LOSs lack O-antigen units with the LOS oligosaccharide structures limited to 10 saccharide units. The LOS species of pathogenic Neisseria can play a major role in pathogenesis through enhancing the resistance of the organism to killing by normal human serum. Other distinguishing characteristics of LOS are the structural and antigenic similarity of some LOS species to human glycolipids and the potential for certain LOSs to be modified in vivo by host substances or secretions. These modifications of LOS in different environments of the host result in synthesis of new LOS structures that probably benefit the survival of the pathogen. The LOS of N. gonorrhoeae can act as a ligand of human receptors, promoting invasion of host cells. It is becoming clearer that LOSs are crucial factors in the pathogenesis of bacteria that express them.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Preston
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
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