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Gomes BM, Rebelo CB, Alves de Sousa L. Public health, surveillance systems and preventive medicine in an interconnected world. One Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822794-7.00006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Bordier M, Uea-Anuwong T, Binot A, Hendrikx P, Goutard FL. Characteristics of One Health surveillance systems: A systematic literature review. Prev Vet Med 2018; 181:104560. [PMID: 30528937 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The concept of One Health (OH) promotes the decompartmentalisation of human, animal, and ecosystem health for the more efficient and sustainable governance of complex health issues. This means that traditional boundaries between disciplines and sectors must be transgressed and that all relevant stakeholders must be involved in the definition and management of health problems. International efforts have been made to strengthen collaboration across sectors and disciplines and OH surveillance is strongly encouraged at global, national and local-level to efficiently manage hazards involving humans, animals and ecosystems. This concept is intuitively appealing and would suggest the enhanced performance and cost-effectiveness of surveillance systems, as compared to more conventional approaches. Nevertheless, confusion and uncertainty regarding the practical application, outcomes and impacts prevail. We believe that this is due to the lack of a conceptual and methodological framework which would (i) define the characteristics of OH surveillance, and (ii) identify the appropriate mechanisms for inter-sectoral and multi-disciplinary collaboration, to ensure that the surveillance system performs well, with regard to the objective, the context and the health hazard under surveillance. The objective of the study is to define the organisational and functional characteristics of OH surveillance systems, the context in which they are implemented, as well as the influential factors which may obstruct or support their implementation and performance. To achieve this, a systematic literature review of existing OH surveillance systems was conducted using the Prisma guidelines. The selected systems were assessed according to 38 predetermined variables. These allowed the characterisation of their objectives, organisation, functioning, performance and benefits. Data extraction was conducted using a spreadsheet and a database was built using an electronic multiple-choice questionnaire. The literature search identified a total of 1635 records. After the screening phase, 31 references were kept and 22 additional references retrieved from bibliographies were added. From these 53 selected documents, we retrieved 41 different surveillance systems in line with the definition proposed in this study. The analysis of this database enabled the identification of different dimensions and areas of collaboration. Barriers and levers for the implementation of OH surveillance systems were also identified and discussed. Based on our results, we propose a framework to characterise the organisation of collaboration for the governance and operation of an effective OH surveillance system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Bordier
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique Pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR ASTRE, Hanoi, Viet Nam; ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France; National Institute of Veterinary Research (NIVR), 86 Truong Chinh, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Theethawat Uea-Anuwong
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand; Kasetsart University, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, 50 Phaholyothin Rd., Ladyao, Jatujak, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand.
| | - Aurélie Binot
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, ASTRE, Campus international de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier cedex 05, France.
| | - Pascal Hendrikx
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), UCAS, 31 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69394 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
| | - Flavie L Goutard
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand; Kasetsart University, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, 50 Phaholyothin Rd., Ladyao, Jatujak, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand.
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David S, Abraham AM. Epidemiological and clinical aspects on West Nile virus, a globally emerging pathogen. Infect Dis (Lond) 2016; 48:571-86. [PMID: 27207312 DOI: 10.3109/23744235.2016.1164890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the isolation of West Nile virus (WNV) in 1937, in Uganda, it has spread globally, causing significant morbidity and mortality. While birds serve as amplifier hosts, mosquitoes of the Culex genus function as vectors. Humans and horses are dead end hosts. The clinical manifestations of West Nile infection in humans range from asymptomatic illness to West Nile encephalitis. METHODS The laboratory offers an array of tests, the preferred method being detection of RNA and serum IgM for WNV, which, if detected, confirms the clinical diagnosis. Although no definitive antiviral therapy and vaccine are available for humans, many approaches are being studied. STUDY This article will review the current literature of the natural cycle, geographical distribution, virology, replication cycle, molecular epidemiology, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, clinical manifestations, blood donor screening for WNV, treatment, prevention and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoba David
- a Department of Clinical Virology , Christian Medical College , Vellore , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Asha Mary Abraham
- a Department of Clinical Virology , Christian Medical College , Vellore , Tamil Nadu , India
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The global ecology and epidemiology of West Nile virus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:376230. [PMID: 25866777 PMCID: PMC4383390 DOI: 10.1155/2015/376230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Since its initial isolation in Uganda in 1937 through the present, West Nile virus (WNV) has become an important cause of human and animal disease worldwide. WNV, an enveloped virus of the genus Flavivirus, is naturally maintained in an enzootic cycle between birds and mosquitoes, with occasional epizootic spillover causing disease in humans and horses. The mosquito vectors for WNV are widely distributed worldwide, and the known geographic range of WNV transmission and disease has continued to increase over the past 77 years. While most human infections with WNV are asymptomatic, severe neurological disease may develop resulting in long-term sequelae or death. Surveillance and preventive measures are an ongoing need to reduce the public health impact of WNV in areas with the potential for transmission.
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van Galen G, Calozet L, Leblond A, Tritz P, Pozzo FD, Porter SR, Cay AB, Amory H, Saegerman C. Can horses be clinically screened for West Nile Fever? Vet Rec 2013; 172:101. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.101267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. van Galen
- Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis applied to veterinary science (UREAR-ULg); Department of Infectious and Parasitic diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Liege; Liege Belgium
- Equine Clinic; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Liege; Liege Belgium
| | - L. Calozet
- Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis applied to veterinary science (UREAR-ULg); Department of Infectious and Parasitic diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Liege; Liege Belgium
- Equine Clinic; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Liege; Liege Belgium
| | - A. Leblond
- UR 346 Animal Epidemiology INRA Theix, Vetagrosup, Equine Department; University of Lyon; Lyon France
- Réseau d'Epidémio-Surveillance en Pathologie Equine; Mondeville France
| | - P. Tritz
- Réseau d'Epidémio-Surveillance en Pathologie Equine; Mondeville France
| | - F. Dal Pozzo
- Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis applied to veterinary science (UREAR-ULg); Department of Infectious and Parasitic diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Liege; Liege Belgium
| | - S. R. Porter
- Réseau d'Epidémio-Surveillance en Pathologie Equine; Mondeville France
- Veterinary Clinic of Faulquemont; Faulquemont France
| | - A. B. Cay
- CODA - CERVA; Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre; Brussels Belgium
| | - H. Amory
- Equine Clinic; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Liege; Liege Belgium
| | - C. Saegerman
- Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis applied to veterinary science (UREAR-ULg); Department of Infectious and Parasitic diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Liege; Liege Belgium
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Freitas FB, Novo MT, Esteves A, de Almeida APG. Species Composition and WNV Screening of Mosquitoes from Lagoons in a Wetland Area of the Algarve, Portugal. Front Physiol 2012; 2:122. [PMID: 22347862 PMCID: PMC3276253 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2011.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate mosquito abundance, species diversity, larval and adult population dynamics in seven lagoons integrated in the wetland coastal system of the Algarve, Portugal, in the summer of 2007, as well as the screening of these for West Nile virus (WNV). WNV has been isolated from mosquitoes in this region, in the summer of 2004, next to the putative area of infection of two linked human WN cases. Adult mosquitoes were collected with CDC traps baited with CO(2), and potential breeding sites were surveyed for immature stages. Morphological identification of 1,432 adult mosquitoes and 85 larvae revealed the presence of 10 species: Anopheles atroparvus, Anopheles algeriensis, Coquillettidia richiardii, Culex modestus, Culex pipiens, Culex theileri, Culex univittatus, Culiseta longiareolata, Aedes caspius, and Aedes detritus. Adult mosquito peak densities were recorded in July, contrasting with null larval breeding in the same month in the surveyed biotopes. Most abundant species were C. pipiens (52%), C. theileri (29%), and A. caspius (11%). Lagoon Salgados and Quinta das Salinas, exhibited the highest similarity of culicid fauna, despite being most distant from each other, Female mosquitoes (1,249 specimens) screened by RT-PCR, did not reveal WNV products. However, previous detection of WNV activity in this area, susceptible to re-introductions, demands for continued vigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando B. Freitas
- Unidade Ensino e Investigação de Parasitologia Médica/Unidade de Parasitologia e Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de LisboaLisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Novo
- Unidade Ensino e Investigação de Parasitologia Médica/Unidade de Parasitologia e Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de LisboaLisboa, Portugal
| | - Aida Esteves
- Unidade Ensino e Investigação de Microbiologia Médica/Unidade de Parasitologia e Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de LisboaLisboa, Portugal
| | - A. Paulo G. de Almeida
- Unidade Ensino e Investigação de Parasitologia Médica/Unidade de Parasitologia e Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de LisboaLisboa, Portugal
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Granerod J, Ambrose HE, Davies NW, Clewley JP, Walsh AL, Morgan D, Cunningham R, Zuckerman M, Mutton KJ, Solomon T, Ward KN, Lunn MP, Irani SR, Vincent A, Brown DW, Crowcroft NS. Causes of encephalitis and differences in their clinical presentations in England: a multicentre, population-based prospective study. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2010; 10:835-44. [PMID: 20952256 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(10)70222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 824] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Encephalitis has many causes, but for most patients the cause is unknown. We aimed to establish the cause and identify the clinical differences between causes in patients with encephalitis in England. METHODS Patients of all ages and with symptoms suggestive of encephalitis were actively recruited for 2 years (staged start between October, 2005, and November, 2006) from 24 hospitals by clinical staff. Systematic laboratory testing included PCR and antibody assays for all commonly recognised causes of infectious encephalitis, investigation for less commonly recognised causes in immunocompromised patients, and testing for travel-related causes if indicated. We also tested for non-infectious causes for acute encephalitis including autoimmunity. A multidisciplinary expert team reviewed clinical presentation and hospital tests and directed further investigations. Patients were followed up for 6 months after discharge from hospital. FINDINGS We identified 203 patients with encephalitis. Median age was 30 years (range 0-87). 86 patients (42%, 95% CI 35-49) had infectious causes, including 38 (19%, 14-25) herpes simplex virus, ten (5%, 2-9) varicella zoster virus, and ten (5%, 2-9) Mycobacterium tuberculosis; 75 (37%, 30-44) had unknown causes. 42 patients (21%, 15-27) had acute immune-mediated encephalitis. 24 patients (12%, 8-17) died, with higher case fatality for infections from M tuberculosis (three patients; 30%, 7-65) and varicella zoster virus (two patients; 20%, 2-56). The 16 patients with antibody-associated encephalitis had the worst outcome of all groups-nine (56%, 30-80) either died or had severe disabilities. Patients who died were more likely to be immunocompromised than were those who survived (OR = 3·44). INTERPRETATION Early diagnosis of encephalitis is crucial to ensure that the right treatment is given on time. Extensive testing substantially reduced the proportion with unknown cause, but the proportion of cases with unknown cause was higher than that for any specific identified cause. FUNDING The Policy Research Programme, Department of Health, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Granerod
- Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, UK.
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Phipps LP, Duff JP, Holmes JP, Gough RE, McCracken F, McElhinney LM, Johnson N, Hughes L, Chantrey J, Pennycott T, Murray KO, Brown IH, Fooks AR. Surveillance for West Nile virus in British birds (2001 to 2006). Vet Rec 2008; 162:413-5. [PMID: 18375986 DOI: 10.1136/vr.162.13.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L P Phipps
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency - Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
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