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Sabaté-Brescó M, Berset CM, Zeiter S, Stanic B, Thompson K, Ziegler M, Richards RG, O'Mahony L, Moriarty TF. Fracture biomechanics influence local and systemic immune responses in a murine fracture-related infection model. Biol Open 2021; 10:270855. [PMID: 34240122 PMCID: PMC8496694 DOI: 10.1242/bio.057315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical stability plays an important role in fracture healing, with unstable fixation being associated with healing disturbances. A lack of stability is also considered a risk factor for fracture-related infection (FRI), although confirmatory studies and an understanding of the underlying mechanisms are lacking. In the present study, we investigate whether biomechanical (in)stability can lead to altered immune responses in mice under sterile or experimentally inoculated conditions. In non-inoculated C57BL/6 mice, instability resulted in an early increase of inflammatory markers such as granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) and interleukin (IL)-6 within the bone. When inoculated with Staphylococcus epidermidis, instability resulted in a further significant increase in G-CSF, IL-6 and KC in bone tissue. Staphylococcus aureus infection led to rapid osteolysis and instability in all animals and was not further studied. Gene expression measurements also showed significant upregulation in CCL2 and G-CSF in these mice. IL-17A was found to be upregulated in all S. epidermidis infected mice, with higher systemic IL-17A cell responses in mice that cleared the infection, which was found to be produced by CD4+ and γδ+ T cells in the bone marrow. IL-17A knock-out (KO) mice displayed a trend of delayed clearance of infection (P=0.22, Fisher’s exact test) and an increase in interferon (IFN)-γ production. Biomechanical instability leads to a more pronounced local inflammatory response, which is exaggerated by bacterial infection. This study provides insights into long-held beliefs that biomechanics are crucial not only for fracture healing, but also for control of infection. Summary: Physical movement between bone fragments after a fracture influence healing, and are shown here, for the first time, to influence immune responses and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sabaté-Brescó
- AO Research Institute Davos, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Corina M Berset
- Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Zeiter
- AO Research Institute Davos, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Stanic
- AO Research Institute Davos, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Keith Thompson
- AO Research Institute Davos, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mario Ziegler
- Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Liam O'Mahony
- Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
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Tucovic D, Mirkov I, Kulas J, Zeljkovic M, Popovic D, Zolotarevski L, Djurdjic S, Mutic J, Kataranovski M, Popov Aleksandrov A. Dermatotoxicity of oral cadmium is strain-dependent and related to differences in skin stress response and inflammatory/immune activity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 75:103326. [PMID: 31924569 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Adverse effects of non-occupational exposure to cadmium (Cd) are increasingly acknowledged. Since our previous study has showed that orally acquired Cd affects skin, the contribution of genetic background to dermatotoxicity of oral cadmium was examined in two rat strains, Albino Oxford (AO) and Dark Agouti (DA), which differed in response to chemicals. While similar accumulation of Cd in the skin of both strains was noted, the skin response to the metal differed. DA rat individuals mounted antioxidant enzyme defense in the skin already at lower Cd dose, in contrast to AO rats which reacted to higher metal dose solely (and less pronounced), implying higher susceptibility of DA strain to Cd dermatotoxicity. Epidermal cells from both strains developed stress response, but higher intensity of antioxidant response in AO rats implied this strain`s better ability to defend against Cd insult. Cd induced epidermal cells' proinflammatory cytokine response only in DA rats. Increased IL-10 seems responsible for the lack of response in AO rats. Differences in the pattern of skin/epidermal cell responsiveness to cadmium give a new insight into repercussion of genetic variability to dermatotoxicity of orally acquired cadmium, bearing relevance for variations in the link between dietary cadmium and inflammation-based skin pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Tucovic
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar Despota Stefana, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Mirkov
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar Despota Stefana, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Kulas
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar Despota Stefana, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Zeljkovic
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar Despota Stefana, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusanka Popovic
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar Despota Stefana, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lidija Zolotarevski
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar Despota Stefana, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sladjana Djurdjic
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 12-16 Studentski Trg, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Mutic
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 12-16 Studentski Trg, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Kataranovski
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar Despota Stefana, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Popov Aleksandrov
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar Despota Stefana, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Sabaté Brescó M, Harris LG, Thompson K, Stanic B, Morgenstern M, O'Mahony L, Richards RG, Moriarty TF. Pathogenic Mechanisms and Host Interactions in Staphylococcus epidermidis Device-Related Infection. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1401. [PMID: 28824556 PMCID: PMC5539136 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a permanent member of the normal human microbiota, commonly found on skin and mucous membranes. By adhering to tissue surface moieties of the host via specific adhesins, S. epidermidis is capable of establishing a lifelong commensal relationship with humans that begins early in life. In its role as a commensal organism, S. epidermidis is thought to provide benefits to human host, including out-competing more virulent pathogens. However, largely due to its capacity to form biofilm on implanted foreign bodies, S. epidermidis has emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen in patients receiving medical devices. S. epidermidis causes approximately 20% of all orthopedic device-related infections (ODRIs), increasing up to 50% in late-developing infections. Despite this prevalence, it remains underrepresented in the scientific literature, in particular lagging behind the study of the S. aureus. This review aims to provide an overview of the interactions of S. epidermidis with the human host, both as a commensal and as a pathogen. The mechanisms retained by S. epidermidis that enable colonization of human skin as well as invasive infection, will be described, with a particular focus upon biofilm formation. The host immune responses to these infections are also described, including how S. epidermidis seems to trigger low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and high levels of interleukin-10, which may contribute to the sub-acute and persistent nature often associated with these infections. The adaptive immune response to S. epidermidis remains poorly described, and represents an area which may provide significant new discoveries in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sabaté Brescó
- Musculoskeletal Infection, AO Research Institute DavosDavos, Switzerland.,Molecular Immunology, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of ZurichDavos, Switzerland
| | - Llinos G Harris
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical SchoolSwansea, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Thompson
- Musculoskeletal Infection, AO Research Institute DavosDavos, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Stanic
- Musculoskeletal Infection, AO Research Institute DavosDavos, Switzerland
| | - Mario Morgenstern
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital BaselBasel, Switzerland
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Molecular Immunology, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of ZurichDavos, Switzerland
| | - R Geoff Richards
- Musculoskeletal Infection, AO Research Institute DavosDavos, Switzerland
| | - T Fintan Moriarty
- Musculoskeletal Infection, AO Research Institute DavosDavos, Switzerland
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Viswanathan P, Kapoor S, Kumaran V, Joseph B, Gupta S. Etanercept blocks inflammatory responses orchestrated by TNF-α to promote transplanted cell engraftment and proliferation in rat liver. Hepatology 2014; 60:1378-88. [PMID: 24844924 PMCID: PMC4176524 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Engraftment of transplanted cells is critical for liver-directed cell therapy, but most transplanted cells are rapidly cleared from liver sinusoids by proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines/receptors after activation of neutrophils or Kupffer cells (KCs). To define whether tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) served roles in cell-transplantation-induced hepatic inflammation, we used the TNF-α antagonist, etanercept (ETN), for studies in syngeneic rat hepatocyte transplantation systems. After cell transplantation, multiple cytokines/chemokines/receptors were overexpressed, whereas ETN before cell transplantation essentially normalized these responses. Moreover, ETN down-regulated cell-transplantation-induced intrahepatic release of secretory cytokines, such as high-mobility group box 1. These effects of ETN decreased cell-transplantation-induced activation of neutrophils, but not of KCs. Transplanted cell engraftment improved by several-fold in ETN-treated animals. These gains in cell engraftment were repeatedly realized after pretreatment of animals with ETN before multiple cell transplantation sessions. Transplanted cell numbers did not change over time, indicating absence of cell proliferation after ETN alone. By contrast, in animals preconditioned with retrorsine and partial hepatectomy, cell transplantation after ETN pretreatment significantly accelerated liver repopulation, compared to control rats. CONCLUSION TNF-α plays a major role in orchestrating cell-transplantation-induced inflammation through regulation of multiple cytokines/chemokines/receptor expression. Because TNF-α antagonism by ETN decreased transplanted cell clearance, improved cell engraftment, and accelerated liver repopulation, this pharmacological approach to control hepatic inflammation will help optimize clinical strategies for liver cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Viswanathan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital at Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Sorabh Kapoor
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Vinay Kumaran
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Brigid Joseph
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY,Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Diabetes Center, Cancer Center, Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY,Correspondence: Sanjeev Gupta, MD, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Ullmann Building, Room 625, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461; Tel: 718 430 3309; Fax: 718 430 8975;
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Guabiraba R, Campanha-Rodrigues AL, Souza AL, Santiago HC, Lugnier C, Alvarez-Leite J, Lemos VS, Teixeira MM. The flavonoid dioclein reduces the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in vitro by inhibiting PDE4 activity and scavenging reactive oxygen species. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 633:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Holub M, Cheng CW, Mott S, Wintermeyer P, van Rooijen N, Gregory SH. Neutrophils sequestered in the liver suppress the proinflammatory response of Kupffer cells to systemic bacterial infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:3309-16. [PMID: 19641138 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The liver plays a major role in clearing bacteria from the bloodstream. Rapid clearance is primarily the function of fixed tissue macrophages (Kupffer cells) that line the hepatic sinusoids. Although Kupffer cells play a critical role in blood clearance, the actual elimination of the bulk of bacteria taken up by the liver depends upon the accumulation of bactericidal neutrophils. Subsequent experiments demonstrating neutrophils inside Kupffer cells derived from infected animals prompted our speculation that neutrophils modulate the proinflammatory response of Kupffer cells to bacteria cleared from the bloodstream. Indeed, we report here that neutrophils accumulated in the liver sinusoids suppress cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression and protein production by Kupffer cells. Using listeriosis in mice as an experimental model, we found that IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-alpha, MIP-1alpha, keratinocyte-derived chemokine, and MCP-1 mRNA levels were >or=10-fold more in the livers of Listeria-infected, relative to noninfected control, mice at 0.5-2 h after i.v. infection. Most message levels were sharply diminished thereafter, correlating inversely with increased neutrophil sequestration. Relative to intact animals, mice rendered neutrophil deficient exhibited marked increases in cytokine/chemokine mRNA expression and protein production in the liver subsequent to infection. Moreover, purified Kupffer cells derived from infected, neutrophil-depleted mice produced significantly more IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-alpha, keratinocyte-derived chemokine, and MCP-1 in culture. These findings document the critical role of neutrophils in moderating the proinflammatory response of Kupffer cells to bacteria taken up by the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Holub
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Krohn N, Kapoor S, Enami Y, Follenzi A, Bandi S, Joseph B, Gupta S. Hepatocyte transplantation-induced liver inflammation is driven by cytokines-chemokines associated with neutrophils and Kupffer cells. Gastroenterology 2009; 136:1806-17. [PMID: 19422086 PMCID: PMC2742335 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocyte transplantation-induced liver inflammation impairs cell engraftment. We defined whether proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines played roles in regulation of hepatocyte engraftment in the liver. METHODS We performed studies over up to 3 weeks in rat hepatocyte transplantation systems. Expression of 84 cytokine-chemokine genes was studied by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions. Expression of selected up-regulated genes was verified by immunohistochemistry. Hepatic recruitment of neutrophils was demonstrated by myeloperoxidase activity assays, and Kupffer cell activation was established by carbon phagocytosis assays. The role of neutrophils and Kupffer cells in regulating expression of cytokine-chemokine genes as well as cell engraftment was determined by cell depletion studies. RESULTS Within 6 hours after syngeneic cell transplantation, expression of 25 cytokine-chemokine genes increased by 2- to 123-fold, P < .05. These genes were largely associated with activated neutrophils and macrophages, including chemokine ligands, CXCL1, CXCL2, CCL3, CCL4; chemokine receptors, CXCR1 or CXCR2, CCR1, CCR2; and regulatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6. Inflammatory cells in the liver immunostained for CCR1, CCR2, CXCR1, and CXCR2, which indicated that up-regulated messenger RNA was appropriately translated. When neutrophils and Kupffer cells were depleted with neutrophil antiserum and gadolinium chloride, respectively, before transplanting cells, cell transplantation-induced cytokine-chemokine responses were attenuated. Virtually all abnormalities subsided in animals treated with neutrophil antiserum plus gadolinium chloride. Moreover, depletion of neutrophils or Kupffer cells improved engraftment of transplanted cells. CONCLUSIONS Cell transplantation-induced liver inflammation involves proinflammatory cytokine-chemokine systems capable of modulation by neutrophils and Kupffer cells. This offers new directions for optimizing cell therapy strategies.
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