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Chandel S, Joon A, Ghosh S. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli induces altered glycosylation in membrane proteins of cultured human intestinal epithelial cells. Biochimie 2022; 199:68-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Gao T, Yang P, Fu D, Liu M, Deng X, Shao M, Liao J, Jiang H, Li X. The protective effect of allicin on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion by inhibition of Ca 2+ overload-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via the PI3K/GRK2/PLC-γ/IP3R signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:19643-19656. [PMID: 34343971 PMCID: PMC8386544 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of allicin on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Methods: We investigated the mechanisms by which allicin attenuated the MI/R injury by focusing on phosphoinositide 3-kinase, G protein coupled receptor kinases 2, phospholipase Cγ and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Sixty male mice were randomly assigned into three groups: repeated MI/R (model), sham-operated (control), and MI/R+ allicin group (allicin). Ultrasound examination was used to examine the cardiac function. Masson staining was used to evaluate the myocardial infarct area. TUNEL assay was performed to examine the anti-apoptotic effect of allicin. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways were analyzed by mRNA microarray analysis. Immunofluorescence staining and western blot were carried out to detect the effect of allicin on the PI3K. A pan-PLC activator, m-3M3FBS, was applied to investigate whether allicin induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis was via the GRK2/PLC/IP3R signaling pathway. Results: Masson staining and the TUNEL assay revealed that allicin reduced infarct size and played an anti-apoptotic role in M/IR. Ultrasound examination revealed that allicin improved cardiac function after M/IR injury. Gene ontology analysis indicated that the calcium signaling pathway and PI3KCA(PI3K) were selected. Immunofluorescence staining and western blot exposed that PI3K was activated by allicin during MI/R injury. Fura-2AM staining revealed that the PI3K -mediated GRK2/PLC-γ/IP3R pathway may be involved in the protective effect of allicin on MI/R injury. Conclusions: Allicin has a protective effect on MI/R injury. This effect might be associated with the inhibition of Ca2+ overload-induced apoptosis and the inhibition of the PI3K -mediated GRK2/PLC-γ/IP3R signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Gao
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.,Department of Integrative Medicine Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Integrative Medicine Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dongliang Fu
- Department of Integrative Medicine Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mengru Liu
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.,Department of Integrative Medicine Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinyi Deng
- Department of Integrative Medicine Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.,Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingjing Shao
- Department of Integrative Medicine Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiangquan Liao
- Department of Integrative Medicine Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Integrative Medicine Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xianlun Li
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.,Department of Integrative Medicine Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.,Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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Péterfi O, Boda F, Szabó Z, Ferencz E, Bába L. Hypotensive Snake Venom Components-A Mini-Review. Molecules 2019; 24:E2778. [PMID: 31370142 PMCID: PMC6695636 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is considered a major public health issue due to its high prevalence and subsequent risk of cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Thus, the search for new antihypertensive compounds remains of great interest. Snake venoms provide an abundant source of lead molecules that affect the cardiovascular system, which makes them prominent from a pharmaceutical perspective. Such snake venom components include bradykinin potentiating peptides (proline-rich oligopeptides), natriuretic peptides, phospholipases A2, serine-proteases and vascular endothelial growth factors. Some heparin binding hypotensive factors, three-finger toxins and 5' nucleotidases can also exert blood pressure lowering activity. Great advances have been made during the last decade regarding the understanding of the mechanism of action of these hypotensive proteins. Bradykinin potentiating peptides exert their action primarily by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme and increasing the effect of endogenous bradykinin. Snake venom phospholipases A2 are capable of reducing blood pressure through the production of arachidonic acid, a precursor of cyclooxygenase metabolites (prostaglandins or prostacyclin). Other snake venom proteins mimic the effects of endogenous kallikrein, natriuretic peptides or vascular endothelial growth factors. The aim of this work was to review the current state of knowledge regarding snake venom components with potential antihypertensive activity and their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Péterfi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No. 38, 540139 Tirgu Mures, Romania
| | - Francisc Boda
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No. 38, 540139 Tirgu Mures, Romania.
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- Department of Specialty Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No. 38, 540139 Tirgu Mures, Romania
| | - Elek Ferencz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No. 38, 540139 Tirgu Mures, Romania
| | - László Bába
- Department of Specialty Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No. 38, 540139 Tirgu Mures, Romania
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Priya A, Kaur K, Bhattacharyya S, Chakraborti A, Ghosh S. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in cultured human intestinal epithelial cells. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:217-225. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Priya
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Kiranjeet Kaur
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Shalmoli Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Anuradha Chakraborti
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Sujata Ghosh
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
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Sanchez-Villamil J, Navarro-Garcia F. Role of virulence factors on host inflammatory response induced by diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes. Future Microbiol 2015; 10:1009-33. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pathogens are able to breach the intestinal barrier, and different bacterial species can display different abilities to colonize hosts and induce inflammation. Inflammatory response studies induced by enteropathogens as Escherichia coli are interesting since it has acquired diverse genetic mobile elements, leading to different E. coli pathotypes. Diarrheagenic E. coli secrete toxins, effectors and virulence factors that exploit the host cell functions to facilitate the bacterial colonization. Many bacterial proteins are delivered to the host cell for subverting the inflammatory response. Hereby, we have highlighted the specific processes used by E. coli pathotypes, by that subvert the inflammatory pathways. These mechanisms include an arrangement of pro- and anti-inflammatory responses to favor the appropriate environmental niche for the bacterial survival and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sanchez-Villamil
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ap. Postal 14–740, 07000, México DF, Mexico
| | - Fernando Navarro-Garcia
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ap. Postal 14–740, 07000, México DF, Mexico
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Nagashima H. Toxicity of trichothecene mycotoxin nivalenol in human leukemia cell line HL60. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.2520/myco.65.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Nagashima
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
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Konar M, Ghosh S. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli induced increase in intracellular calcium concentration modulates cytoskeletal F-actin rearrangement and bacterial entry in INT-407 cells. Microb Pathog 2012; 52:278-84. [PMID: 22553831 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is an emerging enteric pathogen, associated with cases of acute and persistent diarrhoea worldwide. The pathogenesis of EAEC is yet to be understood. In intestinal epithelium, an increase in [Ca²⁺](i) has been attributed due to the action of different enteric pathogens. EAEC was shown to increase [Ca²⁺](i) in HEp-2 cells.The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of EAEC induced increase in [Ca²⁺](i) oncultured human intestinal epithelial cells. METHODS INT-407 cells were infected with EAEC (T8 strain) in the absence and presence of dantrolene (inhibitor of release of Ca²⁺ from intracellular stores)/verapamil (L-type Ca²⁺ channel blocker)/BAPTAAM (Ca²⁺ chelator)/U73122 (PLC inhibitor)/Cytochalasin-D (inhibitor of actin polymerization). [Ca²⁺](i) was estimated using Fura-2/AM. Cytoskeletal rearrangement was assessed by F-actin staining using TRITC-phalloidin. The invasiveness of EAEC-T8 to INT-407 cells was checked by electron microscopy and invasion assay. RESULTS A significant increase in [Ca²⁺](i) was observed in EAEC-T8 infected INT-407 cells, which was reduced in presence of dantrolene/verapamil/U73122. EAEC-T8 could induce cytoskeletal F-actin polymerization in INT-407 cells and was found to be invasive in nature. The cytoskeletal rearrangement as well as invasion of EAEC-T8 was attenuated in presence of U73122/dantrolene/BAPTA-AM/verapamil/cytochalasin D. CONCLUSIONS EAEC induced increase in [Ca²⁺](i) seems to play a major role in host cytoskeletal F-actin rearrangements leading to invasion of the organism. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our study undoubtedly will lead to an improved understanding of EAEC-pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Konar
- Department of Experimental Medicine & Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
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Goyal A, Konar M, Setia A, Narang A, Ghosh S. Galactose specific adhesin of enteroaggregative E. coli induces IL-8 secretion via activation of MAPK and STAT-3 in INT-407 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2010; 1800:574-9. [PMID: 20304034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is one of the most common bacterial pathogens associated with the etiology of persistent diarrhea. A characteristic feature of EAEC-pathogenesis is the induction of profound inflammatory response in the intestinal epithelium. The present study was designed to investigate the underlying mechanism of inflammatory responses induced by a novel galactose specific adhesin of T7 strain of EAEC (EAEC-T7) in human intestinal epithelial cell line (INT-407). METHODS INT-407 cells were stimulated with the adhesin in the absence and presence of anti-adhesin (IgG(AD))/d-galactose/H7/staurosporin (inhibitor of PKC)/PD098059 (inhibitor of MEK)/SB203580 (inhibitor of p38-MAPkinase)/AG490 (inhibitor of JAK (-2,-3)/STAT-3 pathway). The expression of activated Raf-1, MEK-1, ERK1/2, JNK, p38-MAPK and STAT-3 was analyzed by Western immunoblot. Release of interleukin-8 (IL-8) was measured by ELISA. RESULTS The adhesin was found to induce activation of Raf-1, MEK-1, ERK1/2, p38-MAPK and STAT-3, which was reduced in the presence of IgG(AD)/d-galactose. The activation of Raf-1 was found to be attenuated in the presence of H7/staurosporin. The expression of phosphorylated STAT-3 was downregulated in the presence of AG490 and PD098059. Further, the adhesin induced IL-8 secretion was reduced in the presence of the inhibitors of MEK (PD098059), p38-MAPK (SB203580) and JAK (-2,-3)/STAT-3 pathway (AG490). CONCLUSIONS We propose that STAT-3 activation is quintessential for the galactose specific adhesin induced IL-8 secretion by INT-407 cells and must occur in concert with the activation of ERK1/2. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our contribution regarding the galactose specific adhesin mediated signaling leads to an improved understanding of the EAEC-pathogenesis and may provide novel therapeutic approaches to combat EAEC infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Goyal
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Khan K, Konar M, Goyal A, Ghosh S. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli infection induces IL-8 production via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and the transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1 in INT-407 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 337:17-24. [PMID: 19898747 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is emerging as a cause of acute and persistent diarrhea in developing countries. An important feature of EAEC pathogenesis is the induction of profound inflammatory response in the intestinal epithelium. In this article, we have shown that EAEC-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) (ERK-1/2, JNK and p38MAPK) in cultured human intestinal epithelial cells (INT-407) leads to the induction of DNA-binding activity of NF-kappaB and AP-1, resulting in IL-8 production. Plasmid-cured EAEC could also activate the MAPK and the transcription factors leading to IL-8 secretion, but to a lesser extent than that of wild-type EAEC. Further, pretreatment of these cells with the highly specific MEK inhibitor (PD 098059), the JNK inhibitor (SP 600125), and the p38MAPK inhibitor (SB 203580) resulted in inhibition of the IL-8 secretion by EAEC (wild type as well as plasmid cured)-infected INT-407 cells. These findings demonstrate that the inflammatory response induced by EAEC may be due to the specific stimulation of MAPK signaling pathways leading to nuclear responses. To our knowledge, this is the first article regarding the detailed mechanism of IL-8 secretion from the EAEC-infected human intestinal epithelial cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Khan
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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