1
|
Reginald K, Wong YR, Shah SMR, Teh KF, Freddy Jalin EJ, Khan NA. Investigating immune responses of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus to pathogenic Eschericia coli K1. Microbes Infect 2021; 23:104876. [PMID: 34332091 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insects models are excellent models of the innate immune system, as they are free from the influences of the vertebrate adaptive immunity. Crickets are hemimetabolous insects belonging to the order Orthopteran order that have not been as extensively characterized as other holometabolous insects, and may provide new insights to the insect immune responses. In this study, we aim to characterize the innate immune responses of the common house cricket, Acheta domesticus in response to a human pathogenic bacterium E. coli K1. METHODS Crickets were injected with sterile buffer, live E. coli K1 or heat-killed E. coli K1. Physiological effects such as mortality and weight change of the crickets were determined 24-, 48 and 72-hours post injection while immunological effects such as hemocyte counts, bacteremia, phenoloxidase and lysozyme activity of the crickets were measured at 2- and 24-hours post-injection. RESULTS The injection of E. coli K1 in crickets resulted in >85% mortality 3-days post injection, accompanied by significant weight loss. E. coli K1 injection caused a significant increase in both phenoloxidase and lysozyme activities in cricket hemolymphs 24-hours post injection. Live E. coli K1 injected crickets resulted in a significant reduction in circulating hemocytes 24-hours post injection which was not observed in other treatment groups. This was consistent with the resolution of bacteremia observed 24-hours post infection in live E. coli K1 injected crickets. CONCLUSION Our study provides new insights on the innate immune response to pathogenic E. coli K1 in a cricket model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Reginald
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Yi Ru Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Smyrna Moti Rawanan Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keng Foo Teh
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eunice Jalin Freddy Jalin
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang P, Meng X, Li J, Chen Y, Zhang D, Zhong H, Xia P, Cui L, Zhu G, Wang H. Transcriptome profiling of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli and the mouse microvascular endothelial cell line bEnd.3 during interaction. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9172. [PMID: 32509459 PMCID: PMC7246031 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), an important extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli, causes colibacillosis, an acute and mostly systemic disease involving multiple organ lesions such as meningitis. Meningitis-causing APEC can invade the host central nervous system by crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which is a critical step in the development of meningitis. However, the bacteria-host interaction mechanism in this process remains unclear. Methods In this study, we examined E. coli and bEnd.3 cells transcriptomes during infection and mock infection to investigate the global transcriptional changes in both organisms using RNA sequencing approach. Results When APEC infected the bEnd.3 cells, several significant changes in the expression of genes related to cell junctional complexes, extracellular matrix degradation, actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, immune activation and the inflammatory response in bEnd.3 cells were observed as compared to the mock infection group. Thus, the immune activation of bEnd.3 cells indicated that APEC infection activated host defenses. Furthermore, APEC may exploit cell junction degradation to invade the BBB. In addition, amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism related genes were downregulated and the protein export pathway related genes were upregulated in APEC cultured with bEnd.3 cells, compared to that in control. Thus, APEC may encounter starvation and express virulence factors during incubation with bEnd.3 cells. Conclusion This study provides a comprehensive overview of transcriptomic changes that occur during APEC infection of bEnd.3 cells, and offers insights into the bacterial invasion strategies and the subsequent host defense mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peili Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianji Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanfei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoran Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengpeng Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luying Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tan JL, Ng KP, Ong CS, Ngeow YF. Genomic Comparisons Reveal Microevolutionary Differences in Mycobacterium abscessus Subspecies. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2042. [PMID: 29109707 PMCID: PMC5660101 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus, a rapid-growing non-tuberculous mycobacterium, has been the cause of sporadic and outbreak infections world-wide. The subspecies in M. abscessus complex (M. abscessus, M. massiliense, and M. bolletii) are associated with different biologic and pathogenic characteristics and are known to be among the most frequently isolated opportunistic pathogens from clinical material. To date, the evolutionary forces that could have contributed to these biological and clinical differences are still unclear. We compared genome data from 243 M. abscessus strains downloaded from the NCBI ftp Refseq database to understand how the microevolutionary processes of homologous recombination and positive selection influenced the diversification of the M. abscessus complex at the subspecies level. The three subspecies are clearly separated in the Minimum Spanning Tree. Their MUMi-based genomic distances support the separation of M. massiliense and M. bolletii into two subspecies. Maximum Likelihood analysis through dN/dS (the ratio of number of non-synonymous substitutions per non-synonymous site, to the number of synonymous substitutions per synonymous site) identified distinct genes in each subspecies that could have been affected by positive selection during evolution. The results of genome-wide alignment based on concatenated locally-collinear blocks suggest that (a) recombination has affected the M. abscessus complex more than mutation and positive selection; (b) recombination occurred more frequently in M. massiliense than in the other two subspecies; and (c) the recombined segments in the three subspecies have come from different intra-species and inter-species origins. The results lead to the identification of possible gene sets that could have been responsible for the subspecies-specific features and suggest independent evolution among the three subspecies, with recombination playing a more significant role than positive selection in the diversification among members in this complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joon L Tan
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Kee P Ng
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chia S Ong
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Yun F Ngeow
- Department of Pre-clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|