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Zhang G, Yang J, Jin D, Lai XH, Lu S, Ren Z, Qin T, Liu L, Pu J, Liu Y, Ye L, Zhou J, Lv X, Tao Y, Xu J. Arthrobacter sunyaminii sp. nov. and Arthrobacter jiangjiafuii sp. nov., new members in the genus Arthrobacter. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Four novel bacterial strains (zg-ZUI122T/zg-ZUI10 and zg-ZUI227T/zg-ZUI100) were isolated from the intestinal contents of Marmota himalayana and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Cells were Gram-stain- and catalase-positive, urease- and oxidase-negative. Strains grew optimally at 28–30 °C, pH 7.0, with 0.5 % NaCl (w/v). A comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain pairs zg-ZUI122T/zg-ZUI10 and zg-ZUI227T/zg-ZUI100 belonged to the genus
Arthrobacter
and were most closely related to
Arthrobacter citreus
DSM 20133T, with similarities of 99.6 and 99.5 %, respectively. This was further confirmed by phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between the two new type strains (zg-ZUI122T and zg-ZUI227T) and other species in the genus
Arthrobacter
were 20.0–24.4/77.2–83.4% and 19.9–25.1/77.1–83.4%, all below the thresholds. The major cellular fatty acids detected in the two novel species included iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0; the predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. MK-8(H2) (77.3%) was the predominant respiratory quinone detected in strain zg-ZUI122T, while MK-8(H2) (53.7%) and MK-9(H2) (46.3%) were detected in strain zg-ZUI227T. The shared cell-wall amino acids detected in the two novel species were alanine, glutamic acid and lysine; the shared whole cell wall sugars consisted of galactose, mannose and ribose. All these analyses concluded that these four strains represent two different novel species in the genus
Arthrobacter
, for which the names Arthrobacter sunyaminii sp. nov. (zg-ZUI122T = GDMCC 1.2502T = KCTC 49677T) and Arthrobacter jiangjiafuii sp. nov. (zg-ZUI227T = GDMCC 1.2500T = KCTC 49676T) are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, PR China
- Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Dong Jin
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, PR China
- Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Xin-He Lai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, PR China
| | - Shan Lu
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, PR China
- Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Zhihong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Tian Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Liyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Ji Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Juan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Xianglian Lv
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Yuanmeihui Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, PR China
- Institute of Public Health, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
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Safaei N, Nouioui I, Mast Y, Zaburannyi N, Rohde M, Schumann P, Müller R, Wink J. Kibdelosporangium persicum sp. nov., a new member of the Actinomycetes from a hot desert in Iran. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 33427607 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolate 4NS15T was isolated from a neglected arid habitat in Kerman, Iran. The strain showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 98.9 % to the type strains of Kibdelosporangium aridum subsp. aridum, Kibdelosporangium phytohabitans and Kibdelosporangium philippinense and 98.6 % to the type strain K. aridum subsp. largum, respectively. Genome-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that isolate 4NS15T is closely related to Kibdelosporangium aridum subsp. aridum DSM 43828T. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization value between the genome sequences of 4NS15T and strain DSM 43828T is 29.8 %. Strain 4NS15T produces long chains of spores without a sporangium-like structure which can be distinguished from other Kibdelosporangium species. Isolate 4NS15T has a genome size of 10.35 Mbp with a G+C content of 68.1 mol%. Whole-cell hydrolysates of isolate 4NS15T are rich in meso-diaminopimelic acid and cell-wall sugars such as arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. Major fatty acids (>10 %) are C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The phospholipid profile contains diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxyethanolamine, aminolipid and glycoaminolipid. The predominant menaquinone is MK-9(H4). Based on its phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, isolate 4NS15T (NCCB 100701=CIP 111705=DSM 110728) merits recognition as representing a novel species of the genus Kibdelosporangium, for which the name Kibdelosporangium persicum sp. nov. is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Safaei
- Microbial Strain Collection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Imen Nouioui
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Yvonne Mast
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Germany.,Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nestor Zaburannyi
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter Schumann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Joachim Wink
- Microbial Strain Collection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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Shin Y, Lee BH, Lee KE, Park W. Pseudarthrobacter psychrotolerans sp. nov., a cold-adapted bacterium isolated from Antarctic soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:6106-6114. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel cold-tolerant bacterium, designated strain YJ56T, was isolated from Antarctic soil collected from the Cape Burk area. Phylogenetic analysis through 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity revealed that strain YJ56T was most closely related to the genus
Pseudarthrobacter
, including
Pseudarthrobacter oxydans
DSM 20119T (99.06 % similarity),
Pseudarthrobacter polychromogenes
DSM 20136T (98.98 %) and
Pseudarthrobacter sulfonivorans
ALLT (98.76 %). The genome size (5.2 Mbp) of strain YJ56T was the largest among all the published genomes of
Pseudarthrobacter
type strains (4.2–5.0 Mbp). The genomic G+C content of strain YJ56T (64.7 mol%) was found to be consistent with those of other
Pseudarthrobacter
strains (62.0–71.0 mol%). The average nucleotide identity and average amino acid identity values between strain YJ56T and
P. sulfonivorans
ALLT were estimated at 84.1 and 84.2 %, respectively. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization value between the two strains was calculated to be 28.0 %. This rod-shaped and obligate aerobic strain exhibited no swimming or swarming motility. It had catalase activity but no oxidase activity. Cells grew at 4–28 °C (optimum, 13 °C) and pH 5.0–11.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 0–6.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0%) in Reasoner's 2A medium. MK-9 (H2) was the sole menaquinone. Two-dimensional TLC results revealed that the primary polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two glycolipids and phosphatidylinositol. Fatty acid methyl ester analysis showed that anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids in strain YJ56T. Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain YJ56T represents a novel species of the genus
Pseudarthrobacter
, and thus the name Pseudarthrobacter psychrotolerans sp. nov is proposed. The type strain is YJ56T (=JCM 33881T=KACC 21510T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjae Shin
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Hee Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Eun Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojun Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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A rapid and simple method for identifying bacterial polar lipid components in wet biomass. J Microbiol 2017; 55:635-639. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-017-7092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Schumann P, Busse HJ. Reclassification of Arthrobacter sanguinis (Mages et al. 2009) as Haematomicrobium sanguinis gen. nov., comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:1052-1057. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schumann
- Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Busse
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Wien, Austria
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Busse HJ. Review of the taxonomy of the genus Arthrobacter, emendation of the genus Arthrobacter sensu lato, proposal to reclassify selected species of the genus Arthrobacter in the novel genera Glutamicibacter gen. nov., Paeniglutamicibacter gen. nov., Pseudoglutamicibacter gen. nov., Paenarthrobacter gen. nov. and Pseudarthrobacter gen. nov., and emended description of Arthrobacter roseus. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 66:9-37. [PMID: 26486726 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the taxonomy of the genus Arthrobacter is discussed, from its first description in 1947 to the present state. Emphasis is given to intrageneric phylogeny and chemotaxonomic characteristics, concentrating on quinone systems, peptidoglycan compositions and polar lipid profiles. Internal groups within the genus Arthrobacter indicated from homogeneous chemotaxonomic traits and corresponding to phylogenetic grouping and/or high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities are highlighted. Furthermore, polar lipid profiles and quinone systems of selected species are shown, filling some gaps concerning these chemotaxonomic traits. Based on phylogenetic groupings, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and homogeneity in peptidoglycan types, quinone systems and polar lipid profiles, a description of the genus Arthrobacter sensu lato and an emended description of Arthrobacter roseus are provided. Furthermore, reclassifications of selected species of the genus Arthrobacter into novel genera are proposed, namely Glutamicibacter gen. nov. (nine species), Paeniglutamicibacter gen. nov. (six species), Pseudoglutamicibacter gen. nov. (two species), Paenarthrobacter gen. nov. (six species) and Pseudarthrobacter gen. nov. (ten species).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jürgen Busse
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz, 1A-1210 Vienna, Austria
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Vaishampayan P, Moissl-Eichinger C, Pukall R, Schumann P, Spröer C, Augustus A, Roberts AH, Namba G, Cisneros J, Salmassi T, Venkateswaran K. Description of Tersicoccus phoenicis gen. nov., sp. nov. isolated from spacecraft assembly clean room environments. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:2463-2471. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.047134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two strains of aerobic, non-motile, Gram-reaction-positive cocci were independently isolated from geographically distinct spacecraft assembly clean room facilities (Kennedy Space Center, Florida, USA and Centre Spatial Guyanais, Kourou, French Guiana). A polyphasic study was carried out to delineate the taxonomic identity of these two isolates (1P05MAT and KO_PS43). The 16S rRNA gene sequences exhibited a high similarity when compared to each other (100 %) and lower than 96.7 % relatedness with
Arthrobacter crystallopoietes
ATCC 15481T,
Arthrobacter luteolus
ATCC BAA-272T,
Arthrobacter tumbae
DSM 16406T and
Arthrobacter subterraneus
DSM 17585T. In contrast with previously described
Arthrobacter
species, the novel isolates maintained their coccidal morphology throughout their growth and did not exhibit the rod–coccus life cycle typically observed in nearly all
Arthrobacter
species, except
A. agilis
. The distinct taxonomic identity of the novel isolates was confirmed based on their unique cell-wall peptidoglycan type (A.11.20; Lys-Ser-Ala2) and polar lipid profile (presence of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unknown phospholipid and two unknown glycolipids). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 70.6 mol%. The novel strains revealed MK-9(H2) and MK-8(H2) as dominant menaquinones and exhibited fatty acid profiles consisting of major amounts of anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 and moderate amounts of iso-C15 : 0 discriminating them again from closely related
Arthrobacter
species. Based on these observations, the authors propose that strains 1P05MAT and KO_PS43 be assigned into a separate genus Tersicoccus gen. nov. For this new taxon, comprising strains 1P05MAT and KO_PS43, we propose the name Tersicoccus phoenicis gen. nov., sp. nov. (the type species of Tersicoccus), represented by the type strain Tersicoccus phoenicis 1P05MAT ( = NRRL B-59547T = DSM 30849T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Vaishampayan
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Christine Moissl-Eichinger
- Institute for Microbiology and Archaea Center, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Pukall
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7B, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter Schumann
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7B, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Cathrin Spröer
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7B, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Angela Augustus
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Anne Hayden Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Greg Namba
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Jessica Cisneros
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Tina Salmassi
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Kasthuri Venkateswaran
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
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Application of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters for the Taxonomic Analysis of the Genus Xanthomonas. Syst Appl Microbiol 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(11)80250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Collins MD. Lipid Composition of Arthrobacter siderocapsulatus, A. viscosus, “A. oxamicetus”, “A. sialophilus”, “A. stabilis” and “Agrobacterium pseudotsugae”. Syst Appl Microbiol 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(86)80140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Collins MD, Kroppenstedt RM. Lipid Composition as a Guide to the Classification of Some Coryneform Bacteria-containing an A 4 α Type Peptidoglycan (Schleifer and Kandler). Syst Appl Microbiol 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(83)80037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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O'Donnell AG, Goodfellow M, Minnikin DE. Lipids in the classification of Nocardioides: reclassification of Arthrobacter simplex (Jensen) lochhead in the genus Nocardioides (Prauser) emend. O'Donnell et al. as Nocardioides simplex comb. nov. Arch Microbiol 1982; 133:323-9. [PMID: 7171289 DOI: 10.1007/bf00521299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Representative strains of Nocardioides, Arthrobacter simplex and Arthrobacter tumescens were degraded by acid methanolysis and the fatty acid esters released examined by thin-layer and gas chromatography. Branched-chain 14-methylpentadecanoic acid (iso-16) was the predominant component in all but one of the Nocardioides strains. Arthrobacter simplex also contained major amounts of this acid whereas A. tumescens had only minor amounts. All of the test strains possessed 15 and 17 carbon straight chain acids, tuberculostearic acid (10-methyloctadecanoic acid) and its 17 and 18-carbon homologues. The fatty acid profiles of Nocardioides strains lacked 13-methyltetradecanoic and heptadecanoic acids which were both present in Arthrobacter simplex and Arthrobacter tumescens. The profiles of these latter organisms were quantitatively different from each other. The polar lipids of the test strains all contained diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol but only Arthrobacter tumescens contained phosphatidylinositol and three unidentified polar lipids. Nocardioides and Arthrobacter simplex strains all contained two very characteristic closely related polar lipids. All of the test strains contained tetrahydrogenated menaquinones with eight isoprene units as the major isoprenologue. The results of the present study support the integrity of the genus Nocardioides and provide a reliable way of distinguishing it from other actinomycetes, such as Streptomyces, which also have LL-diaminopimelic acid and glycine in the peptidoglycan. The lipid data, together with results from chemical, genetic and phage host range studies, provide sufficient grounds for the transfer of Arthrobacter simplex to Nocardioides as Nocardioides simplex comb. nov. An emended description of the genus Nocarioides is given.
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