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Andersen KK, Vad BS, Scavenius C, Enghild JJ, Otzen DE. Human Lysozyme Peptidase Resistance Is Perturbed by the Anionic Glycolipid Biosurfactant Rhamnolipid Produced by the Opportunistic Pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biochemistry 2016; 56:260-270. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kell K. Andersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO),
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav
Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Brian S. Vad
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO),
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav
Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Carsten Scavenius
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO),
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav
Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jan J. Enghild
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO),
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav
Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Daniel E. Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO),
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav
Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Rastogi N, Nagpal N, Alam H, Pandey S, Gautam L, Sinha M, Shin K, Manzoor N, Virdi JS, Kaur P, Sharma S, Singh TP. Preparation and antimicrobial action of three tryptic digested functional molecules of bovine lactoferrin. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90011. [PMID: 24595088 PMCID: PMC3940724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin is an 80 kDa bilobal, iron binding glycoprotein which is primarily antimicrobial in nature. The hydrolysis of lactoferrin by various proteases in the gut produces several functional fragments of lactoferrin which have varying molecular sizes and properties. Here, bovine lactoferrin has been hydrolyzed by trypsin, the major enzyme present in the gut, to produce three functional molecules of sizes approximately 21 kDa, 38 kDa and 45 kDa. The molecules have been purified using ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography and identified using N-terminal sequencing, which reveals that while the 21 kDa molecule corresponds to the N2 domain (21LF), the 38 kDa represents the whole C-lobe (38LF) and the 45 kDa is a portion of N1 domain of N-lobe attached to the C-lobe (45LF). The iron binding and release properties of 21LF, 38LF and 45LF have been studied and compared. The sequence and structure analysis of the portions of the excision sites of LF from various species have been done. The antibacterial properties of these three molecules against bacterial strains, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes were investigated. The antifungal action of the molecules was also evaluated against Candida albicans. This is the first report on the antimicrobial actions of the trypsin cleaved functional molecules of lactoferrin from any species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilisha Rastogi
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitish Nagpal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Hammad Alam
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Milia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sadanand Pandey
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lovely Gautam
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mau Sinha
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kouichirou Shin
- Food Science & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nikhat Manzoor
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Milia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Jugsharan S. Virdi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Punit Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujata Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail: (SS); (TPS)
| | - Tej P. Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail: (SS); (TPS)
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Syngkon A, Elluri S, Koley H, Rompikuntal PK, Saha DR, Chakrabarti MK, Bhadra RK, Wai SN, Pal A. Studies on a novel serine protease of a ΔhapAΔprtV Vibrio cholerae O1 strain and its role in hemorrhagic response in the rabbit ileal loop model. PLoS One 2010; 5. [PMID: 20927349 PMCID: PMC2948034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Two well-characterized proteases secreted by Vibrio cholerae O1 strains are hemagglutinin protease (HAP) and V. cholerae protease (PrtV). The hapA and prtV knock out mutant, V. cholerae O1 strain CHA6.8ΔprtV, still retains residual protease activity. We initiated this study to characterize the protease present in CHA6.8ΔprtV strain and study its role in pathogenesis in rabbit ileal loop model (RIL). Methodology/Principal Findings We partially purified the residual protease secreted by strain CHA6.8ΔprtV from culture supernatant by anion-exchange chromatography. The major protein band in native PAGE was identified by MS peptide mapping and sequence analysis showed homology with a 59-kDa trypsin-like serine protease encoded by VC1649. The protease activity was partially inhibited by 25 mM PMSF and 10 mM EDTA and completely inhibited by EDTA and PMSF together. RIL assay with culture supernatants of strains C6709 (FA ratio 1.1+/−0.3 n = 3), CHA6.8 (FA ratio 1.08+/−0.2 n = 3), CHA6.8ΔprtV (FA ratio 1.02+/−0.2 n = 3) and partially purified serine protease from CHA6.8ΔprtV (FA ratio 1.2+/−0.3 n = 3) induced fluid accumulation and histopathological studies on rabbit ileum showed destruction of the villus structure with hemorrhage in all layers of the mucosa. RIL assay with culture supernatant of CHA6.8ΔprtVΔVC1649 strain (FA ratio 0.11+/−0.005 n = 3) and with protease incubated with PMSF and EDTA (FA ratio 0.3+/−0.05 n = 3) induced a significantly reduced FA ratio with almost complete normal villus structure. Conclusion Our results show the presence of a novel 59-kDa serine protease in a ΔhapAΔprtV V. cholerae O1 strain and its role in hemorrhagic response in RIL model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Syngkon
- Divisions of Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sridhar Elluri
- Divisions of Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hemanta Koley
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Pramod K. Rompikuntal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dhira Rani Saha
- Division of Histology and Electron Microscopy, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Manoj K. Chakrabarti
- Divisions of Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rupak K. Bhadra
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sun Nyunt Wai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Amit Pal
- Divisions of Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The degradation of human lactoferrin by putative periodontopathogenic bacteria was examined. Fragments of lactoferrin were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and measured by densitometry. The degradation of lactoferrin was more extensive by Porphyromonas gingivalis and Capnocytophaga sputigena, slow by Capnocytophaga ochracea, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Prevotella intermedia, and very slow or absent by Prevotella nigrescens, Campylobacter rectus, Campylobacter sputorum, Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp. nucleatum, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus and Peptostreptococcus micros. All strains of P. gingivalis tested degraded lactoferrin. The degradation was sensitive to protease inhibitors, cystatin C and albumin. The degradation by C. sputigena was not affected by the protease inhibitors and the detected lactoferrin fragments exhibited electrophoretic mobilities similar to those ascribed to deglycosylated forms of lactoferrin. Furthermore a weak or absent reactivity of these fragments with sialic acid-specific lectin suggested that they are desialylated. The present data indicate that certain bacteria colonizing the periodontal pocket can degrade lactoferrin. The presence of other human proteins as specific inhibitors and/or as substrate competitors may counteract this degradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Alugupalli
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Abstract
The structural gene for the Vibrio cholerae leucine aminopeptidase (lap) was cloned and sequenced. The cloned DNA fragment contained a 1,503-bp open reading frame potentially encoding a 501-amino-acid polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 54,442 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence of the entire protein showed high homology with the sequence of Vibrio proteolyticus leucine aminopeptidase. The residues potentially involved in binding the zinc ions were completely conserved in the V. cholerae aminopeptidase as well as in the V. proteolyticus aminopeptidase. The recombinant protein was partially purified and characterized. The molecular mass was estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be 34 kDa, suggesting a processing of the protein to acquire the mature form. The protease showed maximum activity at pH 9.0 and was thermostable at 70 degrees C. The substrate leucyl-p-nitroanilide was cleaved by the protease, and its activity was inhibited by EDTA and bestatin. These results suggested that the protein was a leucine aminopeptidase. The PCR analysis of lap gene distribution showed that it was widely distributed among the V. cholerae strains. It was not present in the other species examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Toma
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
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Okujo N, Akiyama T, Miyoshi S, Shinoda S, Yamamoto S. Involvement of vulnibactin and exocellular protease in utilization of transferrin- and lactoferrin-bound iron by Vibrio vulnificus. Microbiol Immunol 1996; 40:595-8. [PMID: 8887355 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1996.tb01114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In vitro growth experiments were conducted to evaluate the ability of vulnibactin, a siderophore produced by Vibrio vulnificus, to sequester transferrin- or lactoferrin bound iron for growth. Comparative studies with the strain producing vulnibactin and its exocellular protease-deficient mutant revealed the involvement of the protease in addition to vulnibactin in effective utilization of iron ion (Fe3+) bound to transferrin and lactoferrin. It appears that the protease causes cleavage of these proteins, thereby making bound iron more accessible to vulnibactin.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Okujo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
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