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Kumawat R, Tomar RS. Dissecting the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase Hog1 in yeast flocculation. FEBS J 2024; 291:3080-3103. [PMID: 38648231 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Living organisms are frequently exposed to multiple biotic and abiotic stress forms during their lifetime. Organisms cope with stress conditions by regulating their gene expression programs. In response to different environmental stress conditions, yeast cells activate different tolerance mechanisms, many of which share common signaling pathways. Flocculation is one of the key mechanisms underlying yeast survival under unfavorable environmental conditions, and the Tup1-Cyc8 corepressor complex is a major regulator of this process. Additionally, yeast cells can utilize different mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways to modulate gene expression during stress conditions. Here, we show that the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) MAPK pathway is involved in the regulation of yeast flocculation. We observed that the HOG MAPK pathway was constitutively activated in flocculating cells, and found that the interaction between phosphorylated Hog1 and the FLO genes promoter region increased significantly upon sodium chloride exposure. We found that treatment of cells with cantharidin decreased Hog1 phosphorylation, causing a sharp reduction in the expression of FLO genes and the flocculation phenotype. Similarly, deletion of HOG1 in yeast cells reduced flocculation. Altogether, our results suggest a role for HOG MAPK signaling in the regulation of FLO genes and yeast flocculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumawat
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Raghuvir Singh Tomar
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, India
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Bohnert S, Antelo L, Grünewald C, Yemelin A, Andresen K, Jacob S. Rapid adaptation of signaling networks in the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:763. [PMID: 31640564 PMCID: PMC6805500 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One fundamental question in biology is how the evolution of eukaryotic signaling networks has taken place. “Loss of function” (lof) mutants from components of the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) signaling pathway in the filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae are viable, but impaired in osmoregulation. Results After long-term cultivation upon high osmolarity, stable individuals with reestablished osmoregulation capacity arise independently from each of the mutants with inactivated HOG pathway. This phenomenon is extremely reproducible and occurs only in osmosensitive mutants related to the HOG pathway – not in other osmosensitive Magnaporthe mutants. The major compatible solute produced by these adapted strains to cope with high osmolarity is glycerol, whereas it is arabitol in the wildtype strain. Genome and transcriptome analysis resulted in candidate genes related to glycerol metabolism, perhaps responsible for an epigenetic induced reestablishment of osmoregulation, since these genes do not show structural variations within the coding or promotor sequences. Conclusion This is the first report of a stable adaptation in eukaryotes by producing different metabolites and opens a door for the scientific community since the HOG pathway is worked on intensively in many eukaryotic model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bohnert
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung gGmbH (IBWF), Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 56, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Luis Antelo
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung gGmbH (IBWF), Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 56, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Christiane Grünewald
- Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mikrobiologie und Weinforschung am Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Johann-Joachim-Becherweg 15, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Yemelin
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung gGmbH (IBWF), Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 56, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Karsten Andresen
- Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mikrobiologie und Weinforschung am Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Johann-Joachim-Becherweg 15, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Jacob
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung gGmbH (IBWF), Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 56, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany. .,Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mikrobiologie und Weinforschung am Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Johann-Joachim-Becherweg 15, D-55128, Mainz, Germany.
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Teixeira V, Medeiros TC, Vilaça R, Moradas-Ferreira P, Costa V. Reduced TORC1 signaling abolishes mitochondrial dysfunctions and shortened chronological lifespan of Isc1p-deficient cells. MICROBIAL CELL 2014; 1:21-36. [PMID: 28357207 PMCID: PMC5349163 DOI: 10.15698/mic2014.01.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The target of rapamycin (TOR) is an important signaling pathway on a hierarchical
network of interacting pathways regulating central biological processes, such as
cell growth, stress response and aging. Several lines of evidence suggest a
functional link between TOR signaling and sphingolipid metabolism. Here, we
report that the TORC1-Sch9p pathway is activated in cells lacking Isc1p, the
yeast orthologue of mammalian neutral sphingomyelinase 2. The deletion of
TOR1 or SCH9 abolishes the premature
aging, oxidative stress sensitivity and mitochondrial dysfunctions displayed by
isc1Δ cells and this is correlated with the suppression of
the autophagic flux defect exhibited by the mutant strain. The protective effect
of TOR1 deletion, as opposed to that of SCH9
deletion, is not associated with the attenuation of Hog1p hyperphosphorylation,
which was previously implicated in isc1Δ phenotypes. Our data
support a model in which Isc1p regulates mitochondrial function and
chronological lifespan in yeast through the TORC1-Sch9p pathway although Isc1p
and TORC1 also seem to act through independent pathways, as
isc1Δtor1Δ phenotypes are intermediate to
those displayed by isc1Δ and tor1Δ cells. We
also provide evidence that TORC1 downstream effectors, the type 2A protein
phosphatase Sit4p and the AGC protein kinase Sch9p, integrate nutrient and
stress signals from TORC1 with ceramide signaling derived from Isc1p to regulate
mitochondrial function and lifespan in yeast. Overall, our results show that
TORC1-Sch9p axis is deregulated in Isc1p-deficient cells, contributing to
mitochondrial dysfunction, enhanced oxidative stress sensitivity and premature
aging of isc1Δ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Teixeira
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal. ; Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia C Medeiros
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Vilaça
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal. ; Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moradas-Ferreira
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal. ; Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor Costa
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal. ; Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Raffaello T, Keriö S, Asiegbu FO. Role of the HaHOG1 MAP kinase in response of the conifer root and butt rot pathogen (heterobasidion annosum) to osmotic and oxidative stress [corrected]. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31186. [PMID: 22319614 PMCID: PMC3271117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The basidiomycete Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. s.l. is a filamentous white rot fungus, considered to be the most economically important pathogen of conifer trees. Despite the severity of the tree infection, very little is known about the molecular and biochemical aspects related to adaptation to abiotic stresses. In this study, the osmotic and oxidative tolerance as well as the role of the HaHOG1 Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) gene were investigated. The transcript levels of the yeast orthologues GPD1, HSP78, STL1, GRE2 and the ATPase pumps ENA1, PMR1, PMC1 known to have an important role in osmotolerance were also quantified under salt osmotic conditions. The HaHOG1 gene was used for a heterologous expression and functional study in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Δhog1 strain. Moreover, the phosphorylation level of HaHog1p was studied under salt osmotic and oxidative stress. The result showed that H. annosum displayed a decreased growth when exposed to an increased concentration of osmotic and oxidative stressors. GPD1, HSP78, STL1 and GRE2 showed an induction already at 10 min after exposure to salt stress. Among the ATPase pumps studied, PMC1 was highly induced when the fungus was exposed to 0.2 M CaCl2 for 60 min. The heterologous expression of the HaHOG1 sequence in yeast confirmed that the gene is able to restore the osmotolerance and oxidative tolerance in the S. cerevisiae hog1Δ mutant strain. The HaHog1p was strongly phosphorylated in the presence of NaCl, KCl, H2O2 but not in the presence of CaCl2 and MgCl2. The GFP-HaHog1p fusion protein accumulated in the nuclei of the S. cerevisiae hog1Δ cells when exposed to high osmotic conditions but not under oxidative stress. These results provide the first insights about the response of H. annosum to osmotic and oxidative stress and elucidate the role of the HaHOG1 gene in such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Raffaello
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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MIYAZAKI SAORI, NEVO EVIATAR, BOHNERT HANSJ. Adaptive oxidative stress in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: interslope genetic divergence in ‘Evolution Canyon’. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00418.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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