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Economical production of agricultural γ-polyglutamic acid using industrial wastes by Bacillus subtilis. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Stimulatory effects of amino acids on γ-polyglutamic acid production by Bacillus subtilis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17934. [PMID: 30560878 PMCID: PMC6298950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is about study to increase the γ-PGA yield by developing new methods. The effect of various amino acids on production of γ-PGA by Bacillus subtilis Z15 was investigated. The γ-PGA yield was increased 23.18%, 12.15% and 31.46%, respectively, with 3 g/L aspartic acid (0 h), 1.5 g/L phenylalanine (0 h) and 7 g/L glutamic acid (24 h). Additonally, crude extract of glutamic acid after isoelectric crystallization (CEGA)could be a replacement for glutamate for γ-PGA production. Then, response surface methodology (RSM) was used for further optimization. The final media ingredient of amino acids were obtained as follow: CEGA 9 g/L, aspartic acid 4 g/L, phenylalanine 1.55 g/L. By applying this receipt in 5-L bioreactor, the γ-PGA yield reached 42.92 ± 0.23 g/L after 44 h, which is 63.1% higher than the control without amino acids for production. In addition, amino acids could shorten the lag phase and the average fermentation time (44 h versus 48 h). Fermentation with amino acids addition can be an positive option for γ-PGA production.
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Yu W, Chen Z, Ye H, Liu P, Li Z, Wang Y, Li Q, Yan S, Zhong CJ, He N. Effect of glucose on poly-γ-glutamic acid metabolism in Bacillus licheniformis. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:22. [PMID: 28178965 PMCID: PMC5299652 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0642-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a promising macromolecule with potential as a replacement for chemosynthetic polymers. γ-PGA can be produced by many microorganisms, including Bacillus species. Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC2876 secretes γ-PGA when using glycerol and trisodium citrate as its optimal carbon sources and secretes polysaccharides when using glucose as the sole carbon source. To better understand the metabolic mechanism underlying the secretion of polymeric substances, SWATH was applied to investigate the effect of glucose on the production of polysaccharides and γ-PGA at the proteome level. Results The addition of glucose at 5 or 10 g/L of glucose decreased the γ-PGA concentration by 31.54 or 61.62%, respectively, whereas the polysaccharide concentration increased from 5.2 to 43.47%. Several proteins playing related roles in γ-PGA and polysaccharide synthesis were identified using the SWATH acquisition LC–MS/MS method. CcpA and CcpN co-enhanced glycolysis and suppressed carbon flux into the TCA cycle, consequently slowing glutamic acid synthesis. On the other hand, CcpN cut off the carbon flux from glycerol metabolism and further reduced γ-PGA production. CcpA activated a series of operons (glm and epsA-O) to reallocate the carbon flux to polysaccharide synthesis when glucose was present. The production of γ-PGA was influenced by NrgB, which converted the major nitrogen metabolic flux between NH4+ and glutamate. Conclusion The mechanism by which B. licheniformis regulates two macromolecules was proposed for the first time in this paper. This genetic information will facilitate the engineering of bacteria for practicable strategies for the fermentation of γ-PGA and polysaccharides for diverse applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0642-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ye
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Peize Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanpeng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingbiao Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Yan
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Chuan-Jian Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Ning He
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China. .,The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
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da Silva SB, Cantarelli VV, Ayub MAZ. Production and optimization of poly-γ-glutamic acid by Bacillus subtilis BL53 isolated from the Amazonian environment. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2013; 37:469-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-013-1016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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5
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Kreyenschulte D, Krull R, Margaritis A. Recent Advances in Microbial Biopolymer Production and Purification. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2012. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2012.743501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hoffmann K, Daum G, Köster M, Kulicke WM, Meyer-Rammes H, Bisping B, Meinhardt F. Genetic improvement of Bacillus licheniformis strains for efficient deproteinization of shrimp shells and production of high-molecular-mass chitin and chitosan. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:8211-21. [PMID: 20971870 PMCID: PMC3008253 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01404-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
By targeted deletion of the polyglutamate operon (pga) in Bacillus licheniformis F11, a derivative form, F11.1 (Δpga), was obtained that, along with lacking polyglutamate (PGA) formation, displayed enhanced proteolytic activities. The phenotypic properties were maintained in a strain in which the chiBA operon was additionally deleted: F11.4 (ΔchiBA Δpga). These genetically modified strains, carrying the Δpga deletion either alone (F11.1) or together with the ΔchiBA (F11.4) deletion, were used in fermentations (20-liter scale) aiming at the deproteinization of shrimp shells in order to obtain long-chain chitin. After chemical deacetylation, the resulting chitosan samples were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, and viscometry and compared to a chitosan preparation that was produced in parallel by chemical methods by a commercial chitosan supplier (GSRmbH). Though faint lipid impurities were present in the fermented polysaccharides, the viscosity of the material produced with the double-deletion mutant F11.4 (Δpga ΔchiBA) was higher than that of the chemically produced and commercially available samples (Cognis GmbH). Thus, enhanced proteolytic activities and a lack of chitinase activity render the double mutant F11.4 a powerful tool for the production of long-chain chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Hoffmann
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, D-48149 Münster, Germany, Universität Hamburg, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Abteilung Lebensmittelmikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany, Universität Hamburg, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Bundesstr. 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Daum
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, D-48149 Münster, Germany, Universität Hamburg, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Abteilung Lebensmittelmikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany, Universität Hamburg, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Bundesstr. 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marina Köster
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, D-48149 Münster, Germany, Universität Hamburg, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Abteilung Lebensmittelmikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany, Universität Hamburg, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Bundesstr. 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Werner-Michael Kulicke
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, D-48149 Münster, Germany, Universität Hamburg, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Abteilung Lebensmittelmikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany, Universität Hamburg, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Bundesstr. 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heike Meyer-Rammes
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, D-48149 Münster, Germany, Universität Hamburg, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Abteilung Lebensmittelmikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany, Universität Hamburg, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Bundesstr. 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernward Bisping
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, D-48149 Münster, Germany, Universität Hamburg, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Abteilung Lebensmittelmikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany, Universität Hamburg, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Bundesstr. 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedhelm Meinhardt
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, D-48149 Münster, Germany, Universität Hamburg, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Abteilung Lebensmittelmikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany, Universität Hamburg, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Bundesstr. 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Berekaa MM, El Aassar SA, El-Sayed SM, EL Borai AM. Production of Poly-γ-Glutamate (PGA) Biopolymer by Batch and Semicontinuous Cultures of Immobilized Bacilluslicheniformis strain-R. Braz J Microbiol 2009; 40:715-24. [PMID: 24031418 PMCID: PMC3768580 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822009000400001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Revised: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of Polyglutamate (PGA) biopolymer by immobilized Bacillus licheniformis strain-R was intensively investigated. Preliminary experiments were carried out to address the most suitable immobilization methodology. Entrapment of Bacillus cells in alginate-agar led optimal PGA production (36.75 g/l), with 1.32-and 2.18-fold increase in comparison with alginate-or K-carrageenan-immobilized cells, respectively. During semicontinuous cultivation of agar-alginate gel-cell mixture, production of PGA by 10 ml mixture was increased from 2(nd) to 3(rd) run whereas, increased till the 4(th) run using 15ml mixture. Adsorption was the most suitable immobilization technique for production of PGA and the sponge cubes was the preferred matrix recording 43.2 g/l of PGA with the highest cell adsorption. Furthermore, no PGA was detected when B. licheniformis cells were adsorbed on wood and pumice. Although luffa pulp-adsorbed cells recorded the highest PGA production (50.4 g/l), cell adsorption was the lowest. Semicontinuous cultivation of B. licheniformis cells adsorbed on sponge led to increase of PGA production till the 3(rd) run and reached 55.5 g/l then slightly decreased in the 4(th) run. The successful use of fixed-bed bioreactor for semicontinuous cultivation of B. licheniformis cells held on sponge cubes (3 runs, 96 hours/run) provides insight for the potential biotechnological production of PGA by immobilized cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M. Berekaa
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samy A. El Aassar
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samia M. El-Sayed
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Aliaa M. EL Borai
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Hanajima D, Haruta S, Hori T, Ishii M, Haga K, Igarashi Y. Bacterial community dynamics during reduction of odorous compounds in aerated pig manure slurry. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 106:118-29. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03984.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Buescher JM, Margaritis A. Microbial Biosynthesis of Polyglutamic Acid Biopolymer and Applications in the Biopharmaceutical, Biomedical and Food Industries. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2008; 27:1-19. [PMID: 17364686 DOI: 10.1080/07388550601166458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This review article provides an updated critical literature review on the production and applications of Polyglutamic Acid (PGA). alpha-PGA is synthesized chemically, whereas gamma-PGA can be produced by a number of microbial species, most prominently various Bacilli. Great insight into the microbial formation of gamma-PGA has been gained thanks to the development of molecular biological techniques. Moreover, there is a great variety of applications for both isoforms of PGA, many of which have not been discovered until recently. These applications include: wastewater treatment, food products, drug delivery, medical adhesives, vaccines, PGA nanoparticles for on-site drug release in cancer chemotherapy, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg M Buescher
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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. MMB, . YRAF, . SMES, . AMELB, . SAEA. Optimization of Culture Conditions for Production of Polyamide Biopolymer (Polyglutamate) by Bacillus sp. Strain-R. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2006.687.694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Soliman NA, Berekaa MM, Abdel-Fattah YR. Polyglutamic acid (PGA) production by Bacillus sp. SAB-26: application of Plackett–Burman experimental design to evaluate culture requirements. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 69:259-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-1982-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2004] [Revised: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 03/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chen X, Chen S, Sun M, Yu Z. High yield of poly-gamma-glutamic acid from Bacillus subtilis by solid-state fermentation using swine manure as the basis of a solid substrate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2005; 96:1872-9. [PMID: 16084366 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2004] [Revised: 01/25/2005] [Accepted: 01/29/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state fermentations (SSF), using swine manure as the basis of a solid substrate, were carried out for high yield of poly-gamma-glutamic acid (gamma-PGA) by Bacillus subtilis CCTCC202048. Fermentation medium and process parameters were optimized through three orthogonal array designs. The optimal medium consisted of 62.3% (w/w, dry weight basis) swine manure, 25.0% soybean cake, 5.0% wheat bran, 5.0% glutamic acid, 2.5% citric acid and 0.2% MnSO4.H2O. The optimal process parameters were 15.0 g medium with initial moisture content 60% and initial pH 9.0 in 250 ml flask, inoculation at mid-log phase with a 4% inoculum level and cultivation for 48 h at 37 degrees C. The average-PGA yield (6.0%) in triplicate under optimal conditions was obtained on the laboratory scale while it was 4.5% at compost experiment. These would lay a foundation for lessening the pollution of swine manure, increasing fertilizer efficiency and exploring a late-model organic fertilizer that retains water and nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Centre of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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Xiong C, Shouwen C, Ming S, Ziniu Y. Medium optimization by response surface methodology for poly-gamma-glutamic acid production using dairy manure as the basis of a solid substrate. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 69:390-6. [PMID: 15846485 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-1989-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2005] [Revised: 03/24/2005] [Accepted: 03/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dairy manure, supplemented with agro-industrial materials, was used as the solid substrate for high yield of poly-gamma-glutamic acid (gamma-PGA) by Bacillus subtilis CCTCC202048. The solid-state fermentation medium was optimized by response surface methodology. In the first optimization step, a Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the influence of related factors. Wheat bran, soybean cake and glutamic acid were found to be more compatible supplement with dairy manure and positively influenced on gamma-PGA production. In the second step, the concentrations of the three supplemental nutrients above were further optimized using a Box-Behnken design. The average gamma-PGA yield (4.70%) in triplicate under optimal conditions was obtained on the laboratory scale, whereas it was 3.58% at compost experiment. These would lay a foundation for lessening the pollution of dairy manure, increasing fertilizer efficiency and exploring a late-model organic fertilizer that retains water and nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Centre of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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