1
|
Figueroa-Cuilan WM, Brown PJB. Cell Wall Biogenesis During Elongation and Division in the Plant Pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2018; 418:87-110. [PMID: 29808336 DOI: 10.1007/82_2018_92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A great diversity of bacterial cell shapes can be found in nature, suggesting that cell wall biogenesis is regulated both spatially and temporally. Although Agrobacterium tumefaciens has a rod-shaped morphology, the mechanisms underlying cell growth are strikingly different than other well-studied rod-shaped bacteria including Escherichia coli. Technological advances, such as the ability to deplete essential genes and the development of fluorescent D-amino acids, have enabled recent advances in our understanding of cell wall biogenesis during cell elongation and division of A. tumefaciens. In this review, we address how the field has evolved over the years by providing a historical overview of cell elongation and division in rod-shaped bacteria. Next, we summarize the current understanding of cell growth and cell division processes in A. tumefaciens. Finally, we highlight the need for further research to answer key questions related to the regulation of cell wall biogenesis in A. tumefaciens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela J B Brown
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Silva WM, Carvalho RDDO, Dorella FA, Folador EL, Souza GHMF, Pimenta AMC, Figueiredo HCP, Le Loir Y, Silva A, Azevedo V. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Changes in the Benchmark Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Biovar Equi Exoproteome after Passage in a Murine Host. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:325. [PMID: 28791255 PMCID: PMC5524672 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis biovar equi is the etiologic agent of ulcerative lymphangitis. To investigate proteins that could be related to the virulence of this pathogen, we combined an experimental passage process using a murine model and high-throughput proteomics with a mass spectrometry, data-independent acquisition (LC-MSE) approach to identify and quantify the proteins released into the supernatants of strain 258_equi. To our knowledge, this approach allowed characterization of the exoproteome of a C. pseudotuberculosis equi strain for the first time. Interestingly, the recovery of this strain from infected mouse spleens induced a change in its virulence potential, and it became more virulent in a second infection challenge. Proteomic screening performed from culture supernatant of the control and recovered conditions revealed 104 proteins that were differentially expressed between the two conditions. In this context, proteomic analysis of the recovered condition detected the induction of proteins involved in bacterial pathogenesis, mainly related to iron uptake. In addition, KEGG enrichment analysis showed that ABC transporters, bacterial secretion systems and protein export pathways were significantly altered in the recovered condition. These findings show that secretion and secreted proteins are key elements in the virulence and adaptation of C. pseudotuberculosis. Collectively, bacterial pathogenesis-related proteins were identified that contribute to the processes of adherence, intracellular growth and evasion of the immune system. Moreover, this study enhances our understanding of the factors that may influence the pathogenesis of C. pseudotuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanderson M Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil.,Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1253 Science & Technologie du Lait & de l'Oeuf (STLO)Rennes, France.,Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 Science & Technologie du Lait & de l'Oeuf (STLO)Rennes, France
| | - Rodrigo D De Oliveira Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda A Dorella
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Edson L Folador
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da ParaíbaJoão Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H M F Souza
- Waters Corporation, Waters Technologies Brazil, MS Applications LaboratorySão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano M C Pimenta
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Yves Le Loir
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1253 Science & Technologie du Lait & de l'Oeuf (STLO)Rennes, France.,Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 Science & Technologie du Lait & de l'Oeuf (STLO)Rennes, France
| | - Artur Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do ParáBelém, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cserti E, Rosskopf S, Chang YW, Eisheuer S, Selter L, Shi J, Regh C, Koert U, Jensen GJ, Thanbichler M. Dynamics of the peptidoglycan biosynthetic machinery in the stalked budding bacteriumHyphomonas neptunium. Mol Microbiol 2017; 103:875-895. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emöke Cserti
- Faculty of Biology; Philipps-Universität; Marburg 35043 Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology; Marburg 35043 Germany
| | - Sabine Rosskopf
- Faculty of Biology; Philipps-Universität; Marburg 35043 Germany
| | - Yi-Wei Chang
- Division of Biology and Bioengineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Sabrina Eisheuer
- Faculty of Biology; Philipps-Universität; Marburg 35043 Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology; Marburg 35043 Germany
| | - Lars Selter
- Faculty of Chemistry; Philipps-Universität; Marburg Germany
| | - Jian Shi
- Division of Biology and Bioengineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Christina Regh
- Faculty of Biology; Philipps-Universität; Marburg 35043 Germany
| | - Ulrich Koert
- Faculty of Chemistry; Philipps-Universität; Marburg Germany
| | - Grant J. Jensen
- Division of Biology and Bioengineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena CA 91125 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Martin Thanbichler
- Faculty of Biology; Philipps-Universität; Marburg 35043 Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology; Marburg 35043 Germany
- LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology; Marburg 35043 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Samten B, Fannin S, Sarva K, Yi N, Madiraju M, Rajagopalan M. Modulation of human T cell cytokines by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis -secreted protein Wag31. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 101S:S99-S104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
5
|
Sieger B, Bramkamp M. Interaction sites of DivIVA and RodA from Corynebacterium glutamicum. Front Microbiol 2015; 5:738. [PMID: 25709601 PMCID: PMC4285798 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Elongation growth in actinobacteria is localized at the cell poles. This is in contrast to many classical model organisms where insertion of new cell wall material is localized around the lateral site. We previously described a role of RodA from Corynebacterium glutamicum in apical cell growth and morphogenesis. Deletion of rodA had drastic effects on morphology and growth, likely a result from misregulation of penicillin-binding proteins and cell wall precursor delivery. We identified the interaction of RodA with the polar scaffold protein DivIVA, thus explaining subcellular localization of RodA to the cell poles. In this study, we describe this interaction in detail and map the interaction sites of DivIVA and RodA. A single amino acid residue in the N-terminal domain of DivIVA was found to be crucial for the interaction with RodA. The interaction site of RodA was mapped to its cytoplasmic, C-terminal domain, in a region encompassing the last 10 amino acids (AAs). Deletion of these 10 AAs significantly decreased the interaction efficiency with DivIVA. Our results corroborate the interaction of DivIVA and RodA, underscoring the important role of DivIVA as a spatial organizer of the elongation machinery in Corynebacterineae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Sieger
- Biocenter - Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Bramkamp
- Biocenter - Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kysela DT, Brown PJB, Huang KC, Brun YV. Biological consequences and advantages of asymmetric bacterial growth. Annu Rev Microbiol 2013; 67:417-35. [PMID: 23808335 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-092412-155622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetries in cell growth and division occur in eukaryotes and prokaryotes alike. Even seemingly simple and morphologically symmetric cell division processes belie inherent underlying asymmetries in the composition of the resulting daughter cells. We consider the types of asymmetry that arise in various bacterial cell growth and division processes, which include both conditionally activated mechanisms and constitutive, hardwired aspects of bacterial life histories. Although asymmetry disposes some cells to the deleterious effects of aging, it may also benefit populations by efficiently purging accumulated damage and rejuvenating newborn cells. Asymmetries may also generate phenotypic variation required for successful exploitation of variable environments, even when extrinsic changes outpace the capacity of cells to sense and respond to challenges. We propose specific experimental approaches to further develop our understanding of the prevalence and the ultimate importance of asymmetric bacterial growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David T Kysela
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405;
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Abstract
DivIVA proteins are curvature-sensitive membrane binding proteins that recruit other proteins to the poles and the division septum. They consist of a conserved N-terminal lipid binding domain fused to a less conserved C-terminal domain. DivIVA homologues interact with different proteins involved in cell division, chromosome segregation, genetic competence, or cell wall synthesis. It is unknown how DivIVA interacts with these proteins, and we used the interaction of Bacillus subtilis DivIVA with MinJ and RacA to investigate this. MinJ is a transmembrane protein controlling division site selection, and the DNA-binding protein RacA is crucial for chromosome segregation during sporulation. Initial bacterial two-hybrid experiments revealed that the C terminus of DivIVA appears to be important for recruiting both proteins. However, the interpretation of these results is limited since it appeared that C-terminal truncations also interfere with DivIVA oligomerization. Therefore, a chimera approach was followed, making use of the fact that Listeria monocytogenes DivIVA shows normal polar localization but is not biologically active when expressed in B. subtilis. Complementation experiments with different chimeras of B. subtilis and L. monocytogenes DivIVA suggest that MinJ and RacA bind to separate DivIVA domains. Fluorescence microscopy of green fluorescent protein-tagged RacA and MinJ corroborated this conclusion and suggests that MinJ recruitment operates via the N-terminal lipid binding domain, whereas RacA interacts with the C-terminal domain. We speculate that this difference is related to the cellular compartments in which MinJ and RacA are active: the cell membrane and the cytoplasm, respectively.
Collapse
|
9
|
Flärdh K, Richards DM, Hempel AM, Howard M, Buttner MJ. Regulation of apical growth and hyphal branching in Streptomyces. Curr Opin Microbiol 2012; 15:737-43. [PMID: 23153774 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The filamentous bacteria Streptomyces grow by tip extension and through the initiation of new branches, and this apical growth is directed by a polarisome-like complex involving the essential polarity protein DivIVA. New branch sites must be marked de novo and, until recently, there was no understanding of how these new sites are selected. Equally, hyphal branching patterns are affected by environmental conditions, but there was no insight into how polar growth and hyphal branching might be regulated in response to external or internal cues. This review focuses on recent discoveries that reveal the principal mechanism of branch site selection in Streptomyces, and the first mechanism to be identified that regulates polarisome behaviour to modulate polar growth and hyphal branching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klas Flärdh
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Donovan C, Sieger B, Krämer R, Bramkamp M. A synthetic Escherichia coli system identifies a conserved origin tethering factor in Actinobacteria. Mol Microbiol 2012; 84:105-16. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
11
|
Cytoskeletal proteins of actinobacteria. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:905832. [PMID: 22481946 PMCID: PMC3296230 DOI: 10.1155/2012/905832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although bacteria are considered the simplest life forms, we are now slowly unraveling their cellular complexity. Surprisingly, not only do bacterial cells have a cytoskeleton but also the building blocks are not very different from the cytoskeleton that our own cells use to grow and divide. Nonetheless, despite important advances in our understanding of the basic physiology of certain bacterial models, little is known about Actinobacteria, an ancient group of Eubacteria. Here we review current knowledge on the cytoskeletal elements required for bacterial cell growth and cell division, focusing on actinobacterial genera such as Mycobacterium, Corynebacterium, and Streptomyces. These include some of the deadliest pathogens on earth but also some of the most prolific producers of antibiotics and antitumorals.
Collapse
|
12
|
Brown PJB, Kysela DT, Brun YV. Polarity and the diversity of growth mechanisms in bacteria. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2011; 22:790-8. [PMID: 21736947 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cell growth is a complex process consisting of two distinct phases: cell elongation and septum formation prior to cell division. Although bacteria have evolved several different mechanisms for cell growth, it is clear that tight spatial and temporal regulation of peptidoglycan synthesis is a common theme. In this review, we discuss bacterial cell growth with a particular emphasis on bacteria that utilize tip extension as a mechanism for cell elongation. We describe polar growth among diverse bacteria and consider the advantages and consequences of this mode of cell elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J B Brown
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Flärdh K. Cell polarity and the control of apical growth in Streptomyces. Curr Opin Microbiol 2010; 13:758-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
14
|
Oliva MA, Halbedel S, Freund SM, Dutow P, Leonard TA, Veprintsev DB, Hamoen LW, Löwe J. Features critical for membrane binding revealed by DivIVA crystal structure. EMBO J 2010; 29:1988-2001. [PMID: 20502438 PMCID: PMC2892376 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2010.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
DivIVA is a conserved protein in Gram-positive bacteria that localizes at the poles and division sites, presumably through direct sensing of membrane curvature. DivIVA functions as a scaffold and is vital for septum site selection during vegetative growth and chromosome anchoring during sporulation. DivIVA deletion causes filamentous growth in Bacillus subtilis, whereas overexpression causes hyphal branching in Streptomyces coelicolor. We have determined the crystal structure of the N-terminal (Nt) domain of DivIVA, and show that it forms a parallel coiled-coil. It is capped with two unique crossed and intertwined loops, exposing hydrophobic and positively charged residues that we show here are essential for membrane binding. An intragenic suppressor introducing a positive charge restores membrane binding after mutating the hydrophobic residues. We propose that the hydrophobic residues insert into the membrane and that the positively charged residues bind to the membrane surface. A low-resolution crystal structure of the C-terminal (Ct) domain displays a curved tetramer made from two parallel coiled-coils. The Nt and Ct parts were then merged into a model of the full length, 30 nm long DivIVA protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sven Halbedel
- Center for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Pavel Dutow
- Center for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | - Leendert W Hamoen
- Center for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jan Löwe
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang SB, Cantlay S, Nordberg N, Letek M, Gil JA, Flärdh K. Domains involved in the in vivo function and oligomerization of apical growth determinant DivIVA in Streptomyces coelicolor. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 297:101-9. [PMID: 19552710 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01678.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The coiled-coil protein DivIVA is a determinant of apical growth and hyphal branching in Streptomyces coelicolor. We have investigated the properties of this protein and the involvement of different domains in its essential function and subcellular targeting. In S. coelicolor cell extracts, DivIVA was present as large oligomeric complexes that were not strongly membrane associated. The purified protein could self-assemble into extensive protein filaments in vitro. Two large and conspicuous segments in the amino acid sequence of streptomycete DivIVAs not present in other homologs, an internal PQG-rich segment and a carboxy-terminal extension, are shown to be dispensable for the essential function in S. coelicolor. Instead, the highly conserved amino-terminal of 22 amino acids was required and affected establishment of new DivIVA foci and hyphal branches, and an essential coiled-coil domain affected oligomerization of the protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Bing Wang
- Department of Cell and Organism Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|