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Chen C, Yang H, Dong S, You C, Moraïs S, Bayer EA, Liu Y, Xuan J, Cui Q, Mizrahi I, Feng Y. A cellulosomal double-dockerin module from Clostridium thermocellum shows distinct structural and cohesin-binding features. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4937. [PMID: 38501488 PMCID: PMC10949318 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Cellulosomes are intricate cellulose-degrading multi-enzymatic complexes produced by anaerobic bacteria, which are valuable for bioenergy development and biotechnology. Cellulosome assembly relies on the selective interaction between cohesin modules in structural scaffolding proteins (scaffoldins) and dockerin modules in enzymes. Although the number of tandem cohesins in the scaffoldins is believed to determine the complexity of the cellulosomes, tandem dockerins also exist, albeit very rare, in some cellulosomal components whose assembly and functional roles are currently unclear. In this study, we characterized the structure and mode of assembly of a tandem bimodular double-dockerin, which is connected to a putative S8 protease in the cellulosome-producing bacterium, Clostridium thermocellum. Crystal and NMR structures of the double-dockerin revealed two typical type I dockerin folds with significant interactions between them. Interaction analysis by isothermal titration calorimetry and NMR titration experiments revealed that the double-dockerin displays a preference for binding to the cell-wall anchoring scaffoldin ScaD through the first dockerin with a canonical dual-binding mode, while the second dockerin module was unable to bind to any of the tested cohesins. Surprisingly, the double-dockerin showed a much higher affinity to a cohesin from the CipC scaffoldin of Clostridium cellulolyticum than to the resident cohesins from C. thermocellum. These results contribute valuable insights into the structure and assembly of the double-dockerin module, and provide the basis for further functional studies on multiple-dockerin modules and cellulosomal proteases, thus highlighting the complexity and diversity of cellulosomal components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hongwu Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Present address:
College of PharmacyNankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Haihe Education Park, Jinnan DistrictTianjin 300350China
| | - Sheng Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Cai You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoChina
| | - Sarah Moraïs
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the NegevBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Edward A. Bayer
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the NegevBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesThe Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Ya‐Jun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jinsong Xuan
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Qiu Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Itzhak Mizrahi
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the NegevBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Yingang Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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2
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Comparative Biochemical Analysis of Cellulosomes Isolated from Clostridium clariflavum DSM 19732 and Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 Grown on Plant Biomass. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:994-1010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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3
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Deng L, Mori Y, Sermsathanaswadi J, Apiwatanapiwat W, Kosugi A. Cellulose hydrolysis ability of a Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome containing small-size scaffolding protein CipA. J Biotechnol 2015; 212:144-52. [PMID: 26302838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mutant Clostridium thermocellum YM72 that produces small-size scaffolding protein CipA (ssCipA) was isolated from wild-type YM4. Sequencing of ssCipA revealed that two domains, cohesin 6 and cohesin 7, were not present. Cellulosome prepared from YM72 exhibited a significant reduction of hydrolysis ability on crystalline celluloses such as Sigmacell type-20 and cellulose from Halocynthia. To investigate this influence in vitro, artificial cellulosomes were assembled as recombinant CipA (rCipA) and ssCipA (rssCipA) using native free-cellulosomal subunits. The cellulosome assembled using rssCipA showed a 1.8-fold decrease in the hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose compared with that of rCipA. However, no significant differences in the hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose and acid-swollen cellulose were observed. One protein band was missing from the complex that was assembled using rssCipA (confirmed by native-PAGE). The missing protein was identified as CelJ, which is a major cellulosomal subunit. This suggests that insufficient cooperation of CelJ into the cellulosome results in the significant reduction of hydrolysis toward crystalline cellulose. These results indicate that cohesin 6 and 7 may be responsible for the cooperation of CelJ through cohesin and dockerin interactions, and adequate cooperation of CelJ into the cellulosome is important for significant hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Deng
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 303-8686, Japan
| | - Yutaka Mori
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 303-8686, Japan
| | - Junjarus Sermsathanaswadi
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 303-8686, Japan
| | - Waraporn Apiwatanapiwat
- University of Tsukuba Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kosugi
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 303-8686, Japan; University of Tsukuba Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
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Slutzki M, Reshef D, Barak Y, Haimovitz R, Rotem-Bamberger S, Lamed R, Bayer EA, Schueler-Furman O. Crucial roles of single residues in binding affinity, specificity, and promiscuity in the cellulosomal cohesin-dockerin interface. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:13654-66. [PMID: 25833947 PMCID: PMC4447945 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.651208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between cohesin and dockerin modules play a crucial role in the assembly of multienzyme cellulosome complexes. Although intraspecies cohesin and dockerin modules bind in general with high affinity but indiscriminately, cross-species binding is rare. Here, we combined ELISA-based experiments with Rosetta-based computational design to evaluate the contribution of distinct residues at the Clostridium thermocellum cohesin-dockerin interface to binding affinity, specificity, and promiscuity. We found that single mutations can show distinct and significant effects on binding affinity and specificity. In particular, mutations at cohesin position Asn(37) show dramatic variability in their effect on dockerin binding affinity and specificity: the N37A mutant binds promiscuously both to cognate (C. thermocellum) as well as to non-cognate Clostridium cellulolyticum dockerin. N37L in turn switches binding specificity: compared with the wild-type C. thermocellum cohesin, this mutant shows significantly increased preference for C. cellulolyticum dockerin combined with strongly reduced binding to its cognate C. thermocellum dockerin. The observation that a single mutation can overcome the naturally observed specificity barrier provides insights into the evolutionary dynamics of this system that allows rapid modulation of binding specificity within a high affinity background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Slutzki
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dan Reshef
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, 9112102 Jerusalem, Israel, and
| | - Yoav Barak
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rachel Haimovitz
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shahar Rotem-Bamberger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, 9112102 Jerusalem, Israel, and
| | - Raphael Lamed
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Edward A Bayer
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ora Schueler-Furman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, 9112102 Jerusalem, Israel, and
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Jeon SD, Kim SJ, Park SH, Choi GW, Han SO. An enhanced protein-protein interaction based on enzymatic complex through replacement of the recognition site. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 75:1-6. [PMID: 25603141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium cellulovorans, produce multi-enzymatic complexes known as cellulosomes, which assemble via the interaction of a dockerin module in the cellulosomal subunit with one of the several cohesin modules in the scaffolding protein, to degrade the plant cell wall polymer. An enhanced cohesin-dockerin interaction was demonstrated by modified certain cellulosomal enzymes with altered amino acid residues at the crucial binding site, 11th and 12th positions in dockerin module. In fluorescence intensity analyses using the cellulosome-based biomarker system, the modified cellulosomal enzymes (EngE SL to AI and EngH SM to AI) showed an increased intensity (1.4- to 2.2-fold) compared with the wild-type proteins. Conversely, modified ExgS (AI to SM) exhibited a reduced intensity (0.6- to 0.7-fold) compared with the wild type. In enzyme-linked and competitive enzyme-linked interaction assays, the some modified protein (EngE SL to AI and EngH SM to AI) showed their increased binding affinity toward the cohesins (Coh2 and Coh9). Surface plasmon resonance analysis quantitatively demonstrated the binding affinity of these two modified proteins toward cohesins showed similar or higher affinity comparing with its with wild type proteins. These results suggest the replacement of amino acid residues in the certain recognition site significantly affects the binding affinity of the cohesin-dockerin interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Duck Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Wook Choi
- Changhae Advanced Institute of Technology, Changhae Ethanol Co., Ltd., Jeonju 561-203, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Akinosho H, Yee K, Close D, Ragauskas A. The emergence of Clostridium thermocellum as a high utility candidate for consolidated bioprocessing applications. Front Chem 2014; 2:66. [PMID: 25207268 PMCID: PMC4143619 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
First isolated in 1926, Clostridium thermocellum has recently received increased attention as a high utility candidate for use in consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) applications. These applications, which seek to process lignocellulosic biomass directly into useful products such as ethanol, are gaining traction as economically feasible routes toward the production of fuel and other high value chemical compounds as the shortcomings of fossil fuels become evident. This review evaluates C. thermocellum's role in this transitory process by highlighting recent discoveries relating to its genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic responses to varying biomass sources, with a special emphasis placed on providing an overview of its unique, multivariate enzyme cellulosome complex and the role that this structure performs during biomass degradation. Both naturally evolved and genetically engineered strains are examined in light of their unique attributes and responses to various biomass treatment conditions, and the genetic tools that have been employed for their creation are presented. Several future routes for potential industrial usage are presented, and it is concluded that, although there have been many advances to significantly improve C. thermocellum's amenability to industrial use, several hurdles still remain to be overcome as this unique organism enjoys increased attention within the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Akinosho
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA, USA ; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, BioEnergy Science Center Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Kelsey Yee
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, BioEnergy Science Center Oak Ridge, TN, USA ; Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Dan Close
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Arthur Ragauskas
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, BioEnergy Science Center Oak Ridge, TN, USA ; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN, USA
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7
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Blumer-Schuette SE, Brown SD, Sander KB, Bayer EA, Kataeva I, Zurawski JV, Conway JM, Adams MWW, Kelly RM. Thermophilic lignocellulose deconstruction. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2014; 38:393-448. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Ravachol J, Borne R, Tardif C, de Philip P, Fierobe HP. Characterization of all family-9 glycoside hydrolases synthesized by the cellulosome-producing bacterium Clostridium cellulolyticum. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:7335-48. [PMID: 24451379 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.545046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome of Clostridium cellulolyticum encodes 13 GH9 enzymes that display seven distinct domain organizations. All but one contain a dockerin module and were formerly detected in the cellulosomes, but only three of them were previously studied (Cel9E, Cel9G, and Cel9M). In this study, the 10 uncharacterized GH9 enzymes were overproduced in Escherichia coli and purified, and their activity pattern was investigated in the free state or in cellulosome chimeras with key cellulosomal cellulases. The newly purified GH9 enzymes, including those that share similar organization, all exhibited distinct activity patterns, various binding capacities on cellulosic substrates, and different synergies with pivotal cellulases in mini-cellulosomes. Furthermore, one enzyme (Cel9X) was characterized as the first genuine endoxyloglucanase belonging to this family, with no activity on soluble and insoluble celluloses. Another GH9 enzyme (Cel9V), whose sequence is 78% identical to the cellulosomal cellulase Cel9E, was found inactive in the free and complexed states on all tested substrates. The sole noncellulosomal GH9 (Cel9W) is a cellulase displaying a broad substrate specificity, whose engineered form bearing a dockerin can act synergistically in minicomplexes. Finally, incorporation of all GH9 cellulases in trivalent cellulosome chimera containing Cel48F and Cel9G generated a mixture of heterogeneous mini-cellulosomes that exhibit more activity on crystalline cellulose than the best homogeneous tri-functional complex. Altogether, our data emphasize the importance of GH9 diversity in bacterial cellulosomes, confirm that Cel9G is the most synergistic GH9 with the major endoprocessive cellulase Cel48F, but also identify Cel9U as an important cellulosomal component during cellulose depolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ravachol
- From the Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne UMR7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille Cedex 20, France
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9
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Slutzki M, Barak Y, Reshef D, Schueler-Furman O, Lamed R, Bayer EA. Indirect ELISA-based approach for comparative measurement of high-affinity cohesin-dockerin interactions. J Mol Recognit 2012; 25:616-22. [PMID: 23108621 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between the cohesin and dockerin modules serves to attach cellulolytic enzymes (carrying dockerins) to non-catalytic scaffoldin units (carrying multiple cohesins) in cellulosome, a multienzyme plant cell-wall degrading complex. This interaction is species-specific, for example, the enzyme-borne dockerin from Clostridium thermocellum bacteria binds to scaffoldin cohesins from the same bacteria but not to cohesins from Clostridium cellulolyticum and vice versa. We studied the role of interface residues, contributing either to affinity or specificity, by mutating these residues on the cohesin counterpart from C. thermocellum. The high affinity of the cognate interactions makes it difficult to evaluate the effect of these mutations by common methods used for measuring protein-protein interactions, especially when subtle discrimination between the mutants is needed. We described in this article an approach based on indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that is able to detect differences in binding between the various cohesin mutants, whereas surface plasmon resonance and standard ELISA failed to distinguish between high-affinity interactions. To be able to calculate changes in energy of binding (ΔΔG) and dissociation constants (K(d)) of mutants relative to wild type, a pre-equilibrium step was added to the standard indirect ELISA procedure. Thus, the cohesin-dockerin interaction under investigation occurs in solution rather than between soluble and immobilized proteins. Unbound dockerins are then detected through their interaction with immobilized cohesins. Because our method allows us to assess the effect of mutations on particularly tenacious protein-protein interactions much more accurately than do other prevalent methods used to measure binding affinity, we therefore suggest this approach as a method of choice for comparing relative binding in high-affinity interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Slutzki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Jeon SD, Lee JE, Kim SJ, Kim SW, Han SO. Analysis of selective, high protein-protein binding interaction of cohesin-dockerin complex using biosensing methods. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 35:382-389. [PMID: 22480778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Optical biosensors that use fluorescence are promising tools for the analysis of target materials such as protein, DNA and other biomaterial. To analyze the binding properties of a protein-protein interaction, we constructed fluorescent biomarkers based on the cohesin-dockerin interaction, which coordinates the assembly of cellulolytic enzymes and scaffolding proteins to produce a cell surface multiprotein complex known as the "cellulosome" in some anaerobic bacteria. Our 2D-PAGE results displayed diverse binding profiles to the dockerin containing cellulosomal proteins produced by Clostridium cellulovorans grown on different carbon sources, such as Avicel, xylan and AXP (Avicel:xylan:pectin (3:1:1)). Fluorescence intensity analysis indicated that EngE and EngH bound more efficiently to Coh6 than to Coh2 or Coh9 (2-fold to 6-fold and 1.5-fold to 5-fold, respectively), while others cellulosomal proteins displayed similar results. In addition, both an enzyme-linked interaction assay (ELIA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analyses demonstrated that both EngE and EngH preferentially bound cohesin6 versus the other two cohesin molecules. This work demonstrated the analysis of the binding patterns between interacting proteins using fluorescent biomarkers. We also illustrated the potential of this sensitive approach to quantify specific target analytical materials via the example of the cohesin-dockerin interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Duck Jeon
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Wook Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Han
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea.
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Sakka K, Sugihara Y, Jindou S, Sakka M, Inagaki M, Sakka K, Kimura T. Analysis of cohesin-dockerin interactions using mutant dockerin proteins. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2011; 314:75-80. [PMID: 21054503 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridial cellulosomes are cellulolytic complexes that are formed by highly specific interactions between one of the repeated cohesin modules present in the scaffolding protein and a dockerin module of the catalytic components. Although Clostridium thermocellum Xyn11A dockerin has a typical C. thermocellum dockerin sequence, in which two amino acid residues are species specifically conserved within the two segments of the dockerin modules, it can recognize Clostridium josui cohesin modules in a non-species-specific manner. The importance of these two conserved amino acids, which are part of the recognition site of the cohesin and dockerin interaction, was investigated by introducing mutations into the first and/or the second segments of the Xyn11A dockerin. Mutations in the first segment did not affect the interactions between dockerin and C. thermocellum and C. josui cohesins. However, mutations in the second segment prevented binding to cohesin proteins. A second round of mutations within the first segment re-established the affinity for both the C. thermocellum and the C. josui cohesins. However, this was not observed for a 'conventional' dockerin, Xyn10C. These results suggest that the combination of the first and second dockerin segments is important for the target recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Sakka
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
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