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Kabir MM, Imam MR, Farzana Z, Hossain CF. Complete genome sequence of the pandrug-resistant Vibrio cholerae strain KBR06 isolated from a cholera patient in Bangladesh. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0057723. [PMID: 37966233 PMCID: PMC10720518 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00577-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae poses a serious hazard to global health and causes cholera disease in humans. Here, we present the full-genome sequence of a pandrug-resistant V. cholerae strain KBR06 isolated from a cholera patient in Bangladesh that exhibited intermediate resistance to only two antibiotics out of 39 among 14 antibiotic categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mohiuddin Kabir
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, East West University, Aftabnagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rayhan Imam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, East West University, Aftabnagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zinat Farzana
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, East West University, Aftabnagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Nayak AK, Nayak SR, Behera DR, Pal BB. Dissemination of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolated from Odisha, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 13:355-363. [PMID: 33660421 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study reported the antimicrobial susceptibility trends, virulence genes, and drug resistance genes of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated from outbreaks and epidemics over two and half decades (1995-2019) from Odisha, India. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method. Virulence and drug resistance genes were detected by multiplex PCR assays. All V. cholerae O1 strains were sensitive to gentamicin, chloramphenicol, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin while resistant to one or more antibiotics used. About 90% of the isolates of V. cholerae O1 carried antibiotic drug resistant genes (SulII, dfrA1 and strB) and SXT elements and the results correlated with the phenotypic antibiotic data obtained through disc diffusion assay. The tcpA Haitian variant V. cholerae O1 first appeared in 1999, gradually showing its increasing number upto 2019. TcpA El Tor strains only prevailed from 1995 to 2006; whereas the tcpA classical strains of V.choleraeO1 were found in less number from 1995 to 2016. Two multiplex PCR assays confirmed the presence of various toxigenic and virulence genes (toxR, ompU, ace, rtxC, ctxA, tcpA, rfbO1 and ompW) in all isolate of V. cholerae O1 strains. The present findings demonstrated the origin and spread of Haitian variants tcpA in V. cholerae O1 strains over two and half decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Nayak
- Microbiology Division, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, 751023, India
| | - Smruti Ranjan Nayak
- Microbiology Division, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, 751023, India
| | - Dipti Ranjan Behera
- Microbiology Division, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, 751023, India
| | - Bibhuti Bhusan Pal
- Microbiology Division, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, 751023, India
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3
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Dua P, Karmakar A, Ghosh C. Virulence gene profiles, biofilm formation, and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 bacteria isolated from West Bengal, India. Heliyon 2018; 4:e01040. [PMID: 30582054 PMCID: PMC6299121 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of acute dehydrating diarrhoeal disease cholera. Among 71 V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 isolates, all yielded negative results for ctxA, ctxB and tcpA genes in PCR assay. Few strains were positive for stn (28.38%), and ompU (31.08%) genes. While all isolates were negative for ace gene, only two were positive for zot gene. All strains expressed toxR and toxT genes. It was also found that all isolates were slime-producer and these were capable of forming moderate to high biofilm. Biofilm formation was controlled positively by the transcriptional regulators VpsR and VpsT and was regulated negatively by HapR, as well as CRP regulatory complex. These isolates were resistant to ampicillin, furazolidone, doxycycline, vancomycin, erythromycin, while these were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, kanamycin, polymixin B, norfloxacin, chloramphenicol, sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, and streptomycin. Indeed, 69.01% isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics (MAR: resistance to 3 or more antibiotics). Treatment protocols for cholera patients should be based on local antibiogram data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parimal Dua
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal 721102, India
| | - Amit Karmakar
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal 721102, India
| | - Chandradipa Ghosh
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal 721102, India
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4
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Jose D, Lekshmi N, Goel AK, Kumar RA, Thomas S. Development of a Novel Herbal Formulation To Inhibit Biofilm Formation in Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae. J Food Prot 2017; 80:1933-1940. [PMID: 29053421 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae, a causative agent of the waterborne disease cholera, still threatens a large proportion of world's population. The role of biofilm formation in V. cholerae pathogenesis is well established, as it provides the bacterium enhanced tolerance to antimicrobial agents and increased transmission. In the present study, four medicinal plants used in traditional medicines with antidiarrheal properties were evaluated for its antibiofilm activity. Methanol extracts of these plants (Centella asiatica, Elephantopus scaber, Camellia sinensis, and Holarrhena antidysenterica) showed promising antibiofilm activity against V. cholerae with crystal violet and air-liquid interface coverslip assays. Results revealed that C. asiatica, E. scaber, C. sinensis, and H. antidysenterica extracts significantly inhibited biofilm formation by approximately 75, 76, 78, and 55% at concentrations of 3, 2, 1, and 0.6 mg/mL, respectively. A promising antibiofilm activity of ∼89% inhibition at 1.5 mg/mL concentration was observed when a combination of E. scaber and C. sinensis was used. The herbal extracts were thermostable at a temperature range of 40 to 100°C. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay revealed that the viability of bacteria was not affected by treatment with these plant extracts. Gene expression studies revealed that extracts of H. antidysenterica leaf, H. antidysenterica bark, and the whole plant of E. scaber and C. asiatica down-regulate aphA or aphB, the major regulator genes modulating both virulence and biofilm formation. Hence, we propose that these herbal combinations could serve as a multifaceted approach to combat the pathogen and also, in turn, reduce antimicrobial resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Jose
- Cholera and Biofilm Research Laboratory, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - N Lekshmi
- Cholera and Biofilm Research Laboratory, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India.,University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 695034, Kerala, India
| | - A K Goel
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior 474 002, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - R Ajay Kumar
- Mycobacterium Research Group, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- Cholera and Biofilm Research Laboratory, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India
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Bhotra T, Das MM, Pal BB, Singh DV. Genomic profile of antibiotic resistant, classical ctxB positive Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor isolated in 2003 and 2005 from Puri, India: A retrospective study. Indian J Med Microbiol 2017; 34:462-470. [PMID: 27934824 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.195356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine eight strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolated in 2003 and 2005 from Puri, India, for antibiotic susceptibility, presence of virulence and regulatory genes, cholera toxin (CT) production, CTX arrangement and genomic profiles. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacterial strains were tested for antibiotic susceptibility using disc diffusion assay. Polymerase chain reaction determined the presence of antibiotic resistance, virulence and regulatory genes. To determine the type of cholera toxin subunit B (ctxB), nucleotide sequencing was performed. Southern hybridisation determined the number and arrangement of CTXΦ. Ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were used to determine the genomic profile of isolates. RESULTS All the eight strains, except one strain, showed resistant to nalidixic acid, sulphamethoxazole, streptomycin and trimethoprim and possessed the sullI, strB, dfrA1 and int SXT genes. All the strains carried the toxin-co-regulated pilus pathogenicity island, the CTX genetic element, the repeat in toxin and produced CT. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis showed that V. cholerae O1 possess a single copy of the CTX element flanked by tandemly arranged RS element. Nucleotide sequencing of the ctxB gene showed the presence of classical ctxB. RFLP analysis of conserved rRNA gene showed two ribotype patterns. PFGE analysis also showed at least three PFGE patterns, irrespective of year of isolations, indicating the genomic relatedness among them. CONCLUSION Overall, these data suggest that classical ctxB-positive V. cholerae O1 El Tor strains that appeared in 2003 continue to cause infection in 2005 in Puri, India, and belong to identical ribotype(s) and/or pulsotype(s). There is need to continuous monitor the emergence of variant of El Tor because it will improve our understanding of the evolution of new clones of variant of V. cholerae.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bhotra
- Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - M M Das
- Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - B B Pal
- Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - D V Singh
- Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Augustine N, Goel AK, Sivakumar KC, Kumar RA, Thomas S. Resveratrol--a potential inhibitor of biofilm formation in Vibrio cholerae. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:286-289. [PMID: 24182988 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol, a phytochemical commonly found in the skin of grapes and berries, was tested for its biofilm inhibitory activity against Vibrio cholerae. Biofilm inhibition was assessed using crystal violet assay. MTT assay was performed to check the viability of the treated bacterial cells and the biofilm architecture was analysed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The possible target of the compound was determined by docking analysis. Results showed that subinhibitory concentrations of the compound could significantly inhibit biofilm formation in V. cholerae in a concentration-dependent manner. AphB was found to be the putative target of resveratrol using docking analysis. The results generated in this study proved that resveratrol is a potent biofilm inhibitor of V. cholerae and can be used as a novel therapeutic agent against cholera. To our knowledge, this is the first report of resveratrol showing antibiofilm activity against V. cholerae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimmy Augustine
- Cholera and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - A K Goel
- Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior 474 002, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - K C Sivakumar
- Distributed Information Sub-Centre, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - R Ajay Kumar
- Mycobacterium Research Group, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- Cholera and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India.
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Kutar BMRNS, Rajpara N, Upadhyay H, Ramamurthy T, Bhardwaj AK. Clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Ogawa of 2009 from Kolkata, India: preponderance of SXT element and presence of Haitian ctxB variant. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56477. [PMID: 23431378 PMCID: PMC3576390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increase in the number of multidrug resistant pathogens and the accompanied rise in case fatality rates has hampered the treatment of many infectious diseases including cholera. Unraveling the mechanisms responsible for multidrug resistance in the clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae would help in understanding evolution of these pathogenic bacteria and their epidemic potential. This study was carried out to identify genetic factors responsible for multiple drug resistance in clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1, serotype Ogawa, biotype El Tor isolated from the patients admitted to the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kolkata, India, in 2009. Methodology/Principal Findings One hundred and nineteen clinical isolates of V. cholerae were analysed for their antibiotic resistance phenotypes. Antibiogram analysis revealed that majority of the isolates showed resistance to co-trimoxazole, nalidixic acid, polymixin B and streptomycin. In PCR, SXT integrase was detected in 117 isolates and its sequence showed 99% identity notably to ICEVchInd5 from Sevagram, India, ICEVchBan5 from Bangladesh and VC1786ICE sequence from Haiti outbreak among others. Antibiotic resistance traits corresponding to SXT element were transferred from the parent Vibrio isolate to the recipient E. coli XL-1 Blue cells during conjugation. Double-mismatch-amplification mutation assay (DMAMA) revealed the presence of Haitian type ctxB allele of genotype 7 in 55 isolates and the classical ctxB allele of genotype 1 in 59 isolates. Analysis of topoisomerase sequences revealed the presence of mutation Ser83 → Ile in gyrA and Ser85→ Leu in parC. This clearly showed the circulation of SXT-containing V. cholerae as causative agent for cholera in Kolkata. Conclusions There was predominance of SXT element in these clinical isolates from Kolkata region which also accounted for their antibiotic resistance phenotype typical of this element. DMAMA PCR showed them to be a mixture of isolates with different ctxB alleles like classical, El Tor and Haitian variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braj M. R. N. S. Kutar
- Department of Human Health and Diseases, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Neha Rajpara
- Department of Human Health and Diseases, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Hardik Upadhyay
- Department of Human Health and Diseases, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Ashima K. Bhardwaj
- Department of Human Health and Diseases, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
- * E-mail:
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Chomvarin C, Johura FT, Mannan SB, Jumroenjit W, Kanoktippornchai B, Tangkanakul W, Tantisuwichwong N, Huttayananont S, Watanabe H, Hasan NA, Huq A, Cravioto A, Colwell RR, Alam M. Drug response and genetic properties of Vibrio cholerae associated with endemic cholera in north-eastern Thailand, 2003-2011. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:599-609. [PMID: 23319310 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.053801-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholera, caused by Vibrio cholerae, results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, including Thailand. Representative V. cholerae strains associated with endemic cholera (n = 32), including strains (n = 3) from surface water sources, in Khon Kaen, Thailand (2003-2011), were subjected to microbiological, molecular and phylogenetic analyses. According to phenotypic and related genetic data, all tested V. cholerae strains belonged to serogroup O1, biotype El Tor (ET), Inaba (IN) or Ogawa (OG). All of the strains were sensitive to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin, while multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains showing resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin were predominant in 2007. V. cholerae strains isolated before and after 2007 were non-MDR. All except six diarrhoeal strains possessed ctxA and ctxB genes and were toxigenic altered ET, confirmed by MAMA-PCR and DNA sequencing. Year-wise data revealed that V. cholerae INET strains isolated between 2003 and 2004, plus one strain isolated in 2007, lacked the RS1 sequence (rstC) and toxin-linked cryptic plasmid (TLC)-specific genetic marker, but possessed CTX(CL) prophage genes ctxB(CL) and rstR(CL). A sharp genetic transition was noted, namely the majority of V. cholerae strains in 2007 and all in 2010 and 2011 were not repressor genotype rstR(CL) but instead were rstR(ET), and all ctx(+) strains possessed RS1 and TLC-specific genetic markers. DNA sequencing data revealed that strains isolated since 2007 had a mutation in the tcpA gene at amino acid position 64 (N→S). Four clonal types, mostly of environmental origin, including subtypes, reflected genetic diversity, while distinct signatures were observed for clonally related, altered ET from Thailand, Vietnam and Bangladesh, confirmed by distinct subclustering patterns observed in the PFGE (NotI)-based dendrogram, suggesting that endemic cholera is caused by V. cholerae indigenous to Khon Kaen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chariya Chomvarin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Fatema-Tuz Johura
- Center for Food and Waterborne Disease, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shahnewaj B Mannan
- Center for Food and Waterborne Disease, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Warin Jumroenjit
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Waraluk Tangkanakul
- Bureau of General Communicable Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | - Sriwanna Huttayananont
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
| | - Haruo Watanabe
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nur A Hasan
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Anwar Huq
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Alejandro Cravioto
- Center for Food and Waterborne Disease, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rita R Colwell
- University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, College Park, MD, USA.,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Munirul Alam
- Center for Food and Waterborne Disease, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Rashed SM, Mannan SB, Johura FT, Islam MT, Sadique A, Watanabe H, Sack RB, Huq A, Colwell RR, Cravioto A, Alam M. Genetic characteristics of drug-resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 causing endemic cholera in Dhaka, 2006-2011. J Med Microbiol 2012; 61:1736-1745. [PMID: 22977073 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.049635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor (ET), causing the seventh cholera pandemic, was recently replaced in Bangladesh by an altered ET possessing ctxB of the Classical (CL) biotype, which caused the first six cholera pandemics. In the present study, V. cholerae O1 strains associated with endemic cholera in Dhaka between 2006 and 2011 were analysed for major phenotypic and genetic characteristics. Of 54 representative V. cholerae isolates tested, all were phenotypically ET and showed uniform resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) and furazolidone (FR). Resistance to tetracycline (TE) and erythromycin (E) showed temporal fluctuation, varying from year to year, while all isolates were susceptible to gentamicin (CN) and ciprofloxacin (CIP). Year-wise data revealed erythromycin resistance to be 33.3 % in 2006 and 11 % in 2011, while tetracycline resistance accounted for 33, 78, 0, 100 and 27 % in 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively; interestingly, all isolates tested were sensitive to TE in 2011, as observed in 2008. All V. cholerae isolates tested possessed genetic elements such as SXT, ctxAB, tcpA(ET), rstR(ET) and rtxC; none had IntlI (Integron I). Double mismatch amplification mutation assay (DMAMA)-PCR followed by DNA sequencing and analysis of the ctxB gene revealed a point mutation at position 58 (C→A), which has resulted in an amino acid substitution from histidine (H) to asparagine (N) at position 20 (genotype 7) since 2008. Although the multi-resistant strains having tetracycline resistance showed minor genetic divergence, V. cholerae strains were clonal, as determined by a PFGE (NotI)-based dendrogram. This study shows 2008-2010 to be the time of transition from ctxB genotype 1 to genotype 7 in V. cholerae ET causing endemic cholera in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah M Rashed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shahnewaj B Mannan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema-Tuz Johura
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Tarequl Islam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdus Sadique
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - R Bradley Sack
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anwar Huq
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, MD, USA
| | - Rita R Colwell
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, MD, USA
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alejandro Cravioto
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Munirul Alam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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10
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Tran HD, Alam M, Trung NV, Van Kinh N, Nguyen HH, Pham VC, Ansaruzzaman M, Rashed SM, Bhuiyan NA, Dao TT, Endtz HP, Wertheim HFL. Multi-drug resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 variant El Tor isolated in northern Vietnam between 2007 and 2010. J Med Microbiol 2011; 61:431-437. [PMID: 22016560 PMCID: PMC3347965 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.034744-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2007, there has been a re-emergence of cholera outbreaks in northern Vietnam. To understand the molecular epidemiological relatedness and determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of responsible V. cholerae O1 outbreak strains, a representative collection of 100 V. cholerae O1 strains was characterized. V. cholerae O1 strains isolated from diarrhoeal patients in northern Vietnam between 2007 and 2010 were investigated for antibiotic susceptibility and characterized by using phenotypic and genotypic tests, including PFGE analysis. Ten clinical V. cholerae O1 isolates from Bangladesh and Zimbabwe were included for comparison. The results revealed that all isolates were resistant to co-trimoxazole and nalidixic acid, 29 % were resistant to tetracycline and 1 % were resistant to azithromycin. All strains were susceptible to ampicillin–sulbactam, doxycycline, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin and 95 % were susceptible to azithromycin. MIC values did show reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and 63 % of the strains were intermediately resistant to tetracycline. The isolates expressed phenotypic traits of both serogroup O1 Ogawa and El Tor and harboured an rstR El Tor and ctxB classical biotype. Among the outbreak isolates, only a single PFGE pattern was observed throughout the study period. This study shows that multi-drug resistant V. cholerae altered El Tor producing classical CT strains are now predominant in northern Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu Dat Tran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung Street, Hanoi, Vietnam.,National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, 78 Giai Phong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Munirul Alam
- Enteric & Food Microbiology Laboratory, ICDDR,B: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nguyen Vu Trung
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung Street, Hanoi, Vietnam.,National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, 78 Giai Phong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Kinh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung Street, Hanoi, Vietnam.,National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, 78 Giai Phong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hong Ha Nguyen
- National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, 78 Giai Phong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Ca Pham
- National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, 78 Giai Phong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mohammad Ansaruzzaman
- Enteric & Food Microbiology Laboratory, ICDDR,B: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Shah Manzur Rashed
- Enteric & Food Microbiology Laboratory, ICDDR,B: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nurul A Bhuiyan
- Enteric & Food Microbiology Laboratory, ICDDR,B: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tuyet Trinh Dao
- National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, 78 Giai Phong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hubert P Endtz
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Enteric & Food Microbiology Laboratory, ICDDR,B: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Heiman F L Wertheim
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.,Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Vietnam, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Program, National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, 78 Giai Phong Road, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
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11
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Characterization of novel alleles of toxin co-regulated pilus A gene (tcpA) from environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae. Curr Microbiol 2010; 62:758-63. [PMID: 20967447 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-010-9774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is causative agent of life threatening diarrheal disease, cholera. The toxin co-regulated pilus (TCP) is a critical colonization factor of V. cholerae and it also serves as receptor for CTXФ. In this study, we describe nucleotide sequence of four novel alleles of tcpA gene from toxigenic and non-toxigenic V. cholerae isolated from environmental sources. The phylogenetic analysis of tcpA revealed that it is related to tcpA of newly emerged O1 strain and unrelated to tcpA of wild type (classical and El Tor strains). All strains showed variant tcpA and also harbored intact Vibrio Pathogenicity Island (VPI). The expression of all variant alleles was demonstrated by RT-PCR.
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