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Garrido‐Arandia M, Tome‐Amat J, Pazos‐Castro D, Esteban V, Escribese MM, Hernández‐Ramírez G, Yuste‐Montalvo A, Barber D, Pacios LF, Díaz‐Perales A. Interaction of Alt a 1 with SLC22A17 in the airway mucosa. Allergy 2019; 74:2167-2180. [PMID: 31095759 DOI: 10.1111/all.13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite all the efforts made up to now, the reasons that facilitate a protein becoming an allergen have not been elucidated yet. Alt a 1 protein is the major fungal allergen responsible for chronic asthma, but little is known about its immunological activity. Our main purpose was to investigate the ligand-dependent interactions of Alt a 1 in the human airway epithelium. METHODS Alt a 1 with and without its ligand (holo- and apo- forms) was incubated with the pulmonary epithelial monolayer model, Calu-3 cells. Allergen transport and cytokine production were measured. Pull-down and immunofluorescence assays were employed to identify the receptor of Alt a 1 using the epithelial cell model and mouse tissues. Receptor-allergen-ligand interactions were analyzed by computational modeling. RESULTS The holo-form could activate human monocytes, PBMCs, and polarized airway epithelial (Calu-3) cell lines. The allergen was also transported through the monolayer, without any alteration of the epithelial integrity (TEER). Alt a 1 also induced the production of proinflammatory IL8 and specific epithelial cytokines (IL33 and IL25) by Calu-3 cells. The interaction between epithelial cells and holo-Alt a 1 was found to be mediated by the SLC22A17 receptor, and its recognition of Alt a 1 was explained in structural terms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identified the Alt a 1 ligand as a central player in the interaction of the allergen with airway mucosa, shedding light into its potential role in the immunological response, while unveiling its potential as a new target for therapy intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Garrido‐Arandia
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (UPM‐INIA) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Jaime Tome‐Amat
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (UPM‐INIA) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Diego Pazos‐Castro
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (UPM‐INIA) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Vanesa Esteban
- Department of Allergy and Immunology FIIS‐Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM Madrid Spain
| | - Maria M. Escribese
- IMMA, Facultad de Medicina Universidad San Pablo CEU Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas Universidad San Pablo CEU Madrid Spain
| | | | - Alma Yuste‐Montalvo
- Department of Allergy and Immunology FIIS‐Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM Madrid Spain
| | - Domingo Barber
- IMMA, Facultad de Medicina Universidad San Pablo CEU Madrid Spain
| | - Luis F. Pacios
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (UPM‐INIA) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Araceli Díaz‐Perales
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (UPM‐INIA) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain
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Characterisation of a flavonoid ligand of the fungal protein Alt a 1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33468. [PMID: 27633190 PMCID: PMC5025882 DOI: 10.1038/srep33468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spores of pathogenic fungi are virtually ubiquitous and cause human disease and severe losses in crops. The endophytic fungi Alternaria species produce host-selective phytotoxins. Alt a 1 is a strongly allergenic protein found in A. alternata that causes severe asthma. Despite the well-established pathogenicity of Alt a 1, the molecular mechanisms underlying its action and physiological function remain largely unknown. To gain insight into the role played by this protein in the pathogenicity of the fungus, we studied production of Alt a 1 and its activity in spores. We found that Alt a 1 accumulates inside spores and that its release with a ligand is pH-dependent, with optimum production in the 5.0-6.5 interval. The Alt a 1 ligand was identified as a methylated flavonoid that inhibits plant root growth and detoxifies reactive oxygen species. We also found that Alt a 1 changes its oligomerization state depending on the pH of the surrounding medium and that these changes facilitate the release of the ligand. Based on these results, we propose that release of Alt a 1 should be a pathogenic target in approaches used to block plant defenses and consequently to favor fungal entry into the plant.
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Cao T, Zhang Z, Liu ZG, Dou X, Zhang J, Zhang W, Wu B, Yu ZD, Wei Z, Yu B. High-level expression and purification of the major house dust mite allergen Der p 2 in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 121:97-102. [PMID: 26812600 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Der p 2, a major allergen derived from the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, is one of the most clinically relevant allergens worldwide. Recombinant Der p 2 (rDer p 2) is useful in clinical diagnosis and disease-specific immunotherapy. However, previous studies showed that Der p 2 can only be expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells as inclusion bodies, thus protein refolding is required to obtain functional products. Here we report a new method to produce biologically active Der p 2 protein in E. coli. N-terminal hexahistidine- and trigger factor (TF)-tagged Der p 2 was expressed in soluble form in E. coli and purified using a combination of chromatography processes. This procedure produced milligram-level high purity Der p 2 per liter of bacterial culture. Moreover, far-UV region circular dichroism (CD) analysis and serum specific IgE reactivity test demonstrated that the secondary structure and IgE reactivity properties of rDer p 2 produced in our study were almost identical to those of natural Der p 2 (nDer p 2). In conclusion, the method developed in this work provides a useful tool for the production of immunologically active recombinant Der p 2 for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China; Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Key Lab for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Gao Liu
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Dou
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Key Lab for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Key Lab for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Key Lab for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Key Lab for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen-Dong Yu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhun Wei
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Key Lab for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China.
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Key Lab for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China.
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Gabriel MF, Postigo I, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez A, Suñén E, Guisantes J, Tomaz CT, Martínez J. Characterisation of Alternaria alternata manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase, a cross-reactive allergen homologue to Asp f 6. Immunobiology 2015; 220:851-8. [PMID: 25657116 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that Alternaria alternata presents a significant level of allergenic cross-reactivity with several other phylogenetically related and non-related allergenic moulds. To improve the molecular diagnosis, the identification and characterisation of all clinically relevant allergens, including both species-specific and cross-reacting proteins, is required. In this study we report the molecular and immunological characterisation of the A. alternata manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (Alt a MnSOD) and its cross-reactivity with Asp f 6, a diagnostic marker allergen in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). The cDNA coding for Alt a MnSOD sequence was isolated by RACE and PCR. Alt a MnSOD is a protein of 191 amino acids that presented significant homology and potential cross-reactive epitopes with Asp f 6. The recombinant protein was produced in Escherichia coli and the immunoreactivity was evaluated in patient sera. Immunoblotting analyses showed that seven of sixty-one A. alternata-sensitised patient sera and two ABPA patient sera reacted with the recombinant Alt a MnSOD. The native counterpart contained in both A. alternata and Aspergillus fumigatus extracts inhibited IgE binding to the recombinant molecule. The allergen was named Alt a 14 by the official Allergen nomenclature subcommittee. Thus, Alt a 14 is a relevant allergen in A. alternata sensitisation that may be used to improve diagnostic procedures. Evidence of cross-reactivity between Asp f 6 and Alt a 14-recognition by ABPA patient sera suggest the existence of an Alt a 14-mediated mechanism that, similar to Asp f 6, may be related to the pathogenesis of ABPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta F Gabriel
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory of Parasitology and Allergy, Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain; Department of Chemistry and CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Idoia Postigo
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory of Parasitology and Allergy, Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Antonio Gutiérrez-Rodríguez
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory of Parasitology and Allergy, Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Ester Suñén
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory of Parasitology and Allergy, Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Jorge Guisantes
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory of Parasitology and Allergy, Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Cândida T Tomaz
- Department of Chemistry and CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Jorge Martínez
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory of Parasitology and Allergy, Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain.
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