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Russell C, Carter JL, Borgia JM, Bush J, Calderón F, Gabarró R, Conway SJ, Mottram JC, Wilkinson AJ, Jones NG. Bromodomain Factor 5 as a Target for Antileishmanial Drug Discovery. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2340-2357. [PMID: 37906637 PMCID: PMC10644352 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniases are a collection of neglected tropical diseases caused by kinetoplastid parasites in the genus Leishmania. Current chemotherapies are severely limited, and the need for new antileishmanials is of pressing international importance. Bromodomains are epigenetic reader domains that have shown promising therapeutic potential for cancer therapy and may also present an attractive target to treat parasitic diseases. Here, we investigate Leishmania donovani bromodomain factor 5 (LdBDF5) as a target for antileishmanial drug discovery. LdBDF5 contains a pair of bromodomains (BD5.1 and BD5.2) in an N-terminal tandem repeat. We purified recombinant bromodomains of L. donovani BDF5 and determined the structure of BD5.2 by X-ray crystallography. Using a histone peptide microarray and fluorescence polarization assay, we identified binding interactions of LdBDF5 bromodomains with acetylated peptides derived from histones H2B and H4. In orthogonal biophysical assays including thermal shift assays, fluorescence polarization, and NMR, we showed that BDF5 bromodomains bind to human bromodomain inhibitors SGC-CBP30, bromosporine, and I-BRD9; moreover, SGC-CBP30 exhibited activity against Leishmania promastigotes in cell viability assays. These findings exemplify the potential BDF5 holds as a possible drug target in Leishmania and provide a foundation for the future development of optimized antileishmanial compounds targeting this epigenetic reader protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine
N. Russell
- York
Structural Biology Laboratory and York Biomedical Research Institute,
Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Jennifer L. Carter
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Juliet M. Borgia
- York
Structural Biology Laboratory and York Biomedical Research Institute,
Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Jacob Bush
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K.
| | | | | | - Stuart J. Conway
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Jeremy C. Mottram
- York
Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5NG, U.K.
| | - Anthony J. Wilkinson
- York
Structural Biology Laboratory and York Biomedical Research Institute,
Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Nathaniel G. Jones
- York
Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5NG, U.K.
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Lecoeur H, Prina E, Rosazza T, Kokou K, N’Diaye P, Aulner N, Varet H, Bussotti G, Xing Y, Milon G, Weil R, Meng G, Späth GF. Targeting Macrophage Histone H3 Modification as a Leishmania Strategy to Dampen the NF-κB/NLRP3-Mediated Inflammatory Response. Cell Rep 2020; 30:1870-1882.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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3
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Nayak A, Akpunarlieva S, Barrett M, Burchmore R. A defined medium for Leishmania culture allows definition of essential amino acids. Exp Parasitol 2018; 185:39-52. [PMID: 29326050 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Axenic culture of Leishmania is generally performed in rich, serum-supplemented media which sustain robust growth over multiple passages. The use of such undefined media, however, obscures proteomic analyses and confounds the study of metabolism. We have established a simple, defined culture medium that supports the sustained growth of promastigotes over multiple passages and which yields parasites that have similar infectivity to macrophages to parasites grown in a conventional semi-defined medium. We have exploited this medium to investigate the amino acid requirements of promastigotes in culture and have found that phenylalanine, tryptophan, arginine, leucine, lysine and valine are essential for viability in culture. Most of the 20 proteogenic amino acids promote growth of Leishmania promastigotes, with the exception of alanine, asparagine, and glycine. This defined medium will be useful for further studies of promastigote substrate requirements, and will facilitate future proteomic and metabolomic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Nayak
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation and Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Snezhana Akpunarlieva
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation and Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael Barrett
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation and Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard Burchmore
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation and Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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4
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Jha PK, Khan MI, Mishra A, Das P, Sinha KK. HAT2 mediates histone H4K4 acetylation and affects micrococcal nuclease sensitivity of chromatin in Leishmania donovani. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177372. [PMID: 28486547 PMCID: PMC5423686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as acetylation and methylation are known to affect chromatin higher order structures. Primary targets of these modifications include basic residues present at N-terminus tail region of core histones. Four histone acetyltransferase (HAT) genes have been identified in trypanosomatids. HAT1, HAT3 and HAT4 of Leishmania donovani have been partially characterized. However, there is no report about HAT2 of Leishmania donovani. Lysine residues present on the N-terminal tail of Leishmania donovani histone H4 are conserved in other trypanosomatids and humans. PTMs of lysines modulate various functions at chromatin level. The four histone acetyltransferases encoded in Leishmania genome were over-expressed to analyse their functional activity. All four HATs were found actively acetylating core histones H3/H4. Similar to L. donovani HAT3 and HAT4, HAT2 was found to be a member of MYST family protein and have SAS2 type domain. Over-expression of HAT2 significantly increases acetylation of H4K4. To analyse the effect of HAT2 over-expression on chromatin accessibility, micrococcal nuclease digestion assay was performed. MNase digestion resulted in a higher proportion of the mononucleosomes and dinucleosomes in HAT2 over-expressing cells as compared to WT L. donovani cells. Acetylation of lysine-4 neutralizes the amino terminal region of histone H4. This weakens its interaction with neighbouring nucleosomes and the linker DNA. HAT2 over-expression in L. donovani resulted in highly accessible chromatin suggesting chromatin decondensation. HAT2 may have an important role to play in global regulation of transcription in L. donovani. Better understanding of these epigenetic determinants of parasite would help in designing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin K Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Mohd Imran Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Anshul Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Pradeep Das
- Molecular Biology Division, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Kislay K Sinha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, India
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5
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Jagu E, Djilali R, Pomel S, Ramiandrasoa F, Pethe S, Labruère R, Loiseau PM, Blonski C. Design, synthesis and in vitro antikinetoplastid evaluation of N-acylated putrescine, spermidine and spermine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 25:207-9. [PMID: 25499437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A structure-activity relationship study on polyamine derivatives led to the synthesis and the determination of antikinetoplastid activity of 17 compounds. Among them, a spermidine derivative (compound 13) was specifically active in vitro against Leishmania donovani axenic amastigotes (IC50 at 5.4μM; Selectivity Index >18.5) and a spermine derivative (compound 28) specifically active against Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (IC50 at 1.9μM; Selectivity Index >52).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Jagu
- Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, LabEx LERMIT, CNRS, UMR 8182 (ICMMO), Bâtiment 420, Université Paris-Sud, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Rachid Djilali
- Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, LabEx LERMIT, CNRS, UMR 8182 (ICMMO), Bâtiment 420, Université Paris-Sud, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Pomel
- Chimiothérapie Antiparasitaire, LabEx LERMIT, Faculté de Pharmacie, CNRS, UMR 8076 (BioCIS), Université Paris-Sud, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Florence Ramiandrasoa
- Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, LabEx LERMIT, CNRS, UMR 8182 (ICMMO), Bâtiment 420, Université Paris-Sud, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Stéphanie Pethe
- Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, LabEx LERMIT, CNRS, UMR 8182 (ICMMO), Bâtiment 420, Université Paris-Sud, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Raphaël Labruère
- Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, LabEx LERMIT, CNRS, UMR 8182 (ICMMO), Bâtiment 420, Université Paris-Sud, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91405 Orsay cedex, France.
| | - Philippe M Loiseau
- Chimiothérapie Antiparasitaire, LabEx LERMIT, Faculté de Pharmacie, CNRS, UMR 8076 (BioCIS), Université Paris-Sud, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Casimir Blonski
- Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, LabEx LERMIT, CNRS, UMR 8182 (ICMMO), Bâtiment 420, Université Paris-Sud, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91405 Orsay cedex, France.
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