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Jhong JH, Tsai WH, Yang LC, Chou CH, Lee TY, Yeh YT, Huang CH, Luo YH. Heat-Killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GMNL-653 Exerts Antiosteoporotic Effects by Restoring the Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Ovariectomized Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:804210. [PMID: 35187034 PMCID: PMC8856183 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.804210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic inflammatory disease, an imbalance occurs between bone resorption and formation, leading to bone loss. Anti-inflammatory diet is considered having the potential to ameliorate osteoporosis. Heat-killed probiotics exhibit health benefits in relation to their immunomodulatory effects, but the detail mechanism involved in gut microbiota balance, host metabolism, immunity, and bone homeostasis remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the antiosteoporotic effects of heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GMNL-653 in vitro and in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Furthermore, whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics analysis demonstrated potentially genes involved in antiosteoporotic activity. The GMNL-653 exerts anti-inflammatory activity which restored gut microbiota dysbiosis and maintained intestinal barrier integrity in the OVX mice. The levels of IL-17 and LPS in the sera decreased following GMNL-653 treatment compared with those of the vehicle control; mRNA levels of RANKL were reduced and TGF-β and IL-10 enhanced in OVX-tibia tissue after treatment. The levels of IL-17 were significantly associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. Gut microbial metagenomes were further analyzed by PICRUSt functional prediction, which reveal that GMNL-653 intervention influence in several host metabolic pathways. The analysis of whole-genome sequencing accompanied by comparative genomics on three L. paracasei strains revealed a set of GMNL-653 genes that are potentially involved in antiosteoporotic activity. Our findings validated antiosteoporotic activity of heat-killed GMNL-653 using in vitro and in vivo models, to whole-genome sequencing and identifying genes potentially involved in this gut microbiota–bone axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Hua Jhong
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hua Tsai
- Research and Development Department, GenMont Biotech Incorporation, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Chou
- Research and Development Department, GenMont Biotech Incorporation, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Yi Lee
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yao-Tsung Yeh
- Aging and Diseases Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Biomed Analysis Center, Fooyin University Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsieh Huang
- Aging and Diseases Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsia Luo
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Yueh-Hsia Luo
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Magri A, Oliveira MR, Baldo C, Tischer CA, Sartori D, Mantovani MS, Celligoi MAPC. Production of fructooligosaccharides by Bacillus subtilis natto CCT7712 and their antiproliferative potential. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 128:1414-1426. [PMID: 31891438 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) known for their health properties and β-(2→6)-levan-type FOSs have shown prebiotic and immunomodulatory activities that overcome those of commercial β-(2→1)-FOSs, but costs do not favour their use. Moreover, FOSs can reach the bloodstream through the diet, and little is known about their direct effect on cells. The aim of this work was to produce high-content FOSs by Bacillus subtilis natto CCT7712 in a bioreactor using commercial sucrose and to evaluate their antiproliferative effects in OVCAR-3 cells. METHODS AND RESULTS FOS production reached 173·60 g l-1 , 0·2 vvm aeration and uncontrolled pH. Levan-type FOSs, composed of β-(2 → 6) links and mainly GF3 (6-nystose), were identified using RMN spectroscopy, FT-IR and ESI-MS. FOSs decreased the viability and proliferation of OVCAR-3 cells, and the effects were associated with an increased pro-inflammatory response by the induction of IL-8 and TNF-α, and the repression of ER-β genes. The metabolic profiles showed disruption of cellular homeostasis that can be associated with a decrease in proliferation. CONCLUSIONS The high production of levan-type FOSs from B. subtilis natto CCT7712 in a bioreactor was achieved, and they showed antiproliferative potential in OVCAR-3 cells. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY FOS could be a good target for future therapeutic studies and commercial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Magri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - M R Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - C Baldo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - C A Tischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - D Sartori
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - M S Mantovani
- Department of General Biology, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - M A P C Celligoi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
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Hussain A, Zia KM, Tabasum S, Noreen A, Ali M, Iqbal R, Zuber M. Blends and composites of exopolysaccharides; properties and applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 94:10-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Zeng XA, Zhou K, Liu DM, Brennan CS, Brennan M, Zhou JS, Yu SJ. Preparation of fructooligosaccharides using Aspergillus niger 6640 whole-cell as catalyst for bio-transformation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang SD, Guo GS, Li L, Cao LC, Tong L, Ren GH, Liu YH. Identification and characterization of an unusual glycosyltransferase-like enzyme with β-galactosidase activity from a soil metagenomic library. Enzyme Microb Technol 2014; 57:26-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sharma DK, Lambu MR, Sidiq T, Khajuria A, Tripathi AK, Yousuf SK, Mukherjee D. Ammonium chloride mediated synthesis of alkyl glycosides and evaluation of their immunomodulatory activity. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41050a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Yong HU, Kim S, Shim JH. Enzymatic Production of Alkyl β-Glucoside Based on Transglycosylation Activity of Celluclast. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2012.41.10.1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lactobacillus reuteri CRL 1101 highly produces mannitol from sugarcane molasses as carbon source. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 95:991-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-3945-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Daudé D, Remaud-Siméon M, André I. Sucrose analogs: an attractive (bio)source for glycodiversification. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:945-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c2np20054f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nata IF, Sureshkumar M, Lee CK. One-pot preparation of amine-rich magnetite/bacterial cellulose nanocomposite and its application for arsenate removal. RSC Adv 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00153a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Saha BC, Racine FM. Biotechnological production of mannitol and its applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:879-91. [PMID: 21063702 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mannitol, a naturally occurring polyol (sugar alcohol), is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, medical, and chemical industries. The production of mannitol by fermentation has become attractive because of the problems associated with its production chemically. A number of homo- and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeasts, and filamentous fungi are known to produce mannitol. In particular, several heterofermentative LAB are excellent producers of mannitol from fructose. These bacteria convert fructose to mannitol with 100% yields from a mixture of glucose and fructose (1:2). Glucose is converted to lactic acid and acetic acid, and fructose is converted to mannitol. The enzyme responsible for conversion of fructose to mannitol is NADPH- or NADH-dependent mannitol dehydrogenase (MDH). Fructose can also be converted to mannitol by using MDH in the presence of the cofactor NADPH or NADH. A two enzyme system can be used for cofactor regeneration with simultaneous conversion of two substrates into two products. Mannitol at 180 g l(-1) can be crystallized out from the fermentation broth by cooling crystallization. This paper reviews progress to date in the production of mannitol by fermentation and using enzyme technology, downstream processing, and applications of mannitol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badal C Saha
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
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Effects of pH and corn steep liquor variability on mannitol production by Lactobacillus intermedius NRRL B-3693. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:553-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Rivas BL, Pereira E, Maureira A. Functional water-soluble polymers: polymer-metal ion removal and biocide properties. POLYM INT 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Parmentier S, Arnaut F, Soetaert W, Vandamme EJ. Enzymatic production of D-mannitol with theLeuconostocpseudomesenteroides mannitol dehydrogenase coupled to a coenzyme regeneration system. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420500071664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Slatner M, Nagl G, Haltrich D, Kulbe KD, Nidetzky B. Enzymatic Production of Pure D-Mannitol at High Productivity. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242429809003628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Nidetzky B, Haltrich D, Schmidt K, Schmidt H, Weber A, Kulbe KD. Simultaneous Enzymatic Synthesis of Mannitol and Gluconic Acid: II. Development of a Continuous Process for a Coupled Nad(H)-Dependent Enzyme System. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242429609106876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kim YM, Kim BH, Ahn JS, Kim GE, Jin SD, Nguyen TH, Kim D. Enzymatic synthesis of alkyl glucosides using Leuconostoc mesenteroides dextransucrase. Biotechnol Lett 2009; 31:1433-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-009-0015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 04/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Peltier P, Euzen R, Daniellou R, Nugier-Chauvin C, Ferrières V. Recent knowledge and innovations related to hexofuranosides: structure, synthesis and applications. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:1897-923. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Revised: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Racine FM, Saha BC. Production of mannitol by Lactobacillus intermedius NRRL B-3693 in fed-batch and continuous cell-recycle fermentations. Process Biochem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Stepanova EV, Landesman EO, Fedorova TV, Yakovleva KE, Koroleva OV. Comparison of the efficiency of polygalacturonase and β-glucosidase enzyme preparations in stabilization of cherry plum wine material. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683806060123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Production of mannitol from inulin by simultaneous enzymatic saccharification and fermentation with Lactobacillus intermedius NRRL B-3693. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Saha BC. A low-cost medium for mannitol production by Lactobacillus intermedius NRRL B-3693. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 72:676-80. [PMID: 16534610 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0364-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2005] [Revised: 01/26/2006] [Accepted: 02/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The production of mannitol by Lactobacillus intermedius NNRL B-3693 using molasses as an inexpensive carbon source was evaluated. The bacterium produced mannitol (104 g/l) from molasses and fructose syrups (1:1; total sugars, 150 g/l; fructose:glucose 4:1) in 16 h. Several kinds of inexpensive organic and inorganic nitrogen sources and corn steep liquor were evaluated for their potential to replace more expensive nitrogen sources derived from Bacto-peptone and yeast extract. Soy peptone D (5 g/l) and corn steep liquor (50 g/l) were found to be suitable substitutes for Bacto-peptone (5 g/l) and Bacto-yeast extract (5 g/l), respectively. The bacterium produced 105 g mannitol per liter from the molasses and fructose syrup (1:1, total sugars 150 g/l; fructose:glucose 4:1) in 22 h using a combination of soy peptone D (5 g/l) and corn steep liquor (50 g/l). This is the first report on the production of mannitol by fermentation using molasses and corn steep liquor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badal C Saha
- Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
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Giese EC, Covizzi LG, Borsato D, Dekker RF, de Lourdes Corradi da Silva M, Barbosa AM. Botryosphaeran, a new substrate for the production of β-1,3-glucanases by Botryosphaeria rhodina and Trichoderma harzianum Rifai. Process Biochem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2005.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tzortzis G, Goulas AK, Gibson GR. Synthesis of prebiotic galactooligosaccharides using whole cells of a novel strain, Bifidobacterium bifidum NCIMB 41171. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 68:412-6. [PMID: 15703907 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-1919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2004] [Revised: 01/13/2005] [Accepted: 01/13/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A novel strain of Bifidobacterium bifidum NCIMB 41171, isolated from a faecal sample from a healthy human volunteer and able to express beta-galactosidase activity, was used in synthesis reactions for the production of galactooligosaccharide from lactose. The beta-galactosidase activity of whole bifidobacterial cells showed an optimum activity at pH 6.8-7.0 and 40 degrees C. The transgalactosylation activity of the B. bifidum cells from 50% (w/w) lactose resulted in a galactooligosaccharide mixture (20% w/w) comprising (w/w): 25% disaccharides, 35% trisaccharides, 25% tetrasaccharides and 15% pentasaccharides. Using different initial lactose concentrations, the conversion rate to galactooligosaccharides was maximum (35%) when 55% (w/w) lactose was used. In fermentation experiments, B. bifidum showed an increased preference towards the produced galactooligosaccharide mixture, displaying higher growth rate and short-chain fatty acid production when compared with commercially available oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tzortzis
- School of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, UK.
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Saha BC. Purification and characterization of a novel mannitol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus intermedius. Biotechnol Prog 2004; 20:537-42. [PMID: 15059000 DOI: 10.1021/bp034277p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mannitol 2-dehydrogenase (MDH) catalyzes the pyridine nucleotide dependent reduction of fructose to mannitol. Lactobacillus intermedius (NRRL B-3693), a heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium (LAB), was found to be an excellent producer of mannitol. The MDH from this bacterium was purified from the cell extract to homogeneity by DEAE Bio-Gel column chromatography, gel filtration on Bio-Gel A-0.5m gel, octyl-Sepharose hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and Bio-Gel Hydroxyapatite HTP column chromatography. The purified enzyme (specific activity, 331 U/mg protein) was a heterotetrameric protein with a native molecular weight (MW) of about 170 000 and subunit MWs of 43 000 and 34 500. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was at pH 4.7. Both subunits had the same N-terminal amino acid sequence. The optimum temperature for the reductive action of the purified MDH was at 35 degrees C with 44% activity at 50 degrees C and only 15% activity at 60 degrees C. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 5.5 with 50% activity at pH 6.5 and only 35% activity at pH 5.0 for reduction of fructose. The optimum pH for the oxidation of mannitol to fructose was 7.0. The purified enzyme was quite stable at pH 4.5-8.0 and temperature up to 35 degrees C. The K(m) and V(max) values of the enzyme for the reduction of fructose to mannitol were 20 mM and 396 micromol/min/mg protein, respectively. It did not have any reductive activity on glucose, xylose, and arabinose. The activity of the enzyme on fructose was 4.27 times greater with NADPH than NADH as cofactor. This is the first highly NADPH-dependent MDH (EC 1.1.1.138) from a LAB. Comparative properties of the enzyme with other microbial MDHs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badal C Saha
- Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA.
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Dulong V, Lack S, Le Cerf D, Picton L, Vannier J, Muller G. Hyaluronan-based hydrogels particles prepared by crosslinking with trisodium trimetaphosphate. Synthesis and characterization. Carbohydr Polym 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2003.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bland EJ, Keshavarz T, Bucke C. The influence of small oligosaccharides on the immune system. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:1673-8. [PMID: 15220076 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2003] [Revised: 04/23/2004] [Accepted: 05/17/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, oligosaccharides known to enhance the synthesis of penicillin by Penicillium chrysogenum have been presented to human immune cells and their effect measured. In addition a range of commercially available oligosaccharides have been tested. Results obtained indicate that oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerisation greater than 6 and with a tendency to form helical structures are most effective at influencing the immune system as measured by the production of reactive oxidising species. Laminariheptaose has been shown to increase reactive oxidising species production by up to 25%, whilst mannan-oligosaccharides with a DP of 6 to 7 decrease production by up to 44%. These and other results show that the immune system can recognise subtle differences in oligosaccharides and that these oligosaccharides could potentially be used to modulate the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot J Bland
- Carbohydrate Research Group, School of Bioscience, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
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