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Parvin A, Erabi G, Alemi A, Rezanezhad A, Maleksabet A, Sadeghpour S, Taheri-Anganeh M, Ghasemnejad-Berenji H. Seminal plasma proteomics as putative biomarkers for male infertility diagnosis. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 561:119757. [PMID: 38857670 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Male infertility represents a significant global public health issue that is currently emerging as a prominent research focus. Presently, laboratories adhere to the guidelines outlined by the World Health Organization (WHO) manuals for conducting routine semen analysis to diagnose male infertility. However, the accuracy of results in predicting sperm quality and fertility is limited because some individuals with a normal semen analysis report, an unremarkable medical history, and a physical examination may still experience infertility. As a result, the importance of employing more advanced techniques to investigate sperm function and male fertility in the treatment of male infertility and/or subfertility becomes apparent. The standard test for evaluating human semen has been improved by more complex tests that look at things like reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), sperm DNA fragmentation levels, DNA compaction, apoptosis, genetic testing, and the presence and location of anti-sperm antibodies. Recent discoveries of novel biomarkers have significantly enriched our understanding of male fertility. Moreover, the notable biological diversity among samples obtained from the same individual complicates the efficacy of routine semen analysis. Therefore, unraveling the molecular mechanisms involved in fertilization is pivotal in expanding our understanding of factors contributing to male infertility. By understanding how these proteins work and what role they play in sperm activity, we can look at the expression profile in men who can't have children to find diagnostic biomarkers. This review examines the various sperm and seminal plasma proteins associated with infertility, as well as proteins that are either deficient or exhibit aberrant expression, potentially contributing to male infertility causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Parvin
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Gisou Erabi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Alireza Alemi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Arman Rezanezhad
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amir Maleksabet
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sonia Sadeghpour
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hojat Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Using Small Non-Coding RNAs in Extracellular Vesicles of Semen as Biomarkers of Male Reproductive System Health: Opportunities and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065447. [PMID: 36982521 PMCID: PMC10051672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproductive dysfunction and urogenital malignancies represent a serious health concern in men. This is in part as a result of the absence of reliable non-invasive tests of diagnosis/prognosis. Optimizing diagnosis and predicting the patient’s prognosis will affect the choice of the most appropriate treatment and therefore increase the chances of success and the result of therapy, that is, it will lead to a more personalized treatment of the patient. This review aims firstly to critically summarize the current knowledge of the reproductive roles played by extracellular vesicle small RNA components, which are typically altered in diseases affecting the male reproductive tract. Secondly, it aims to describe the use of semen extracellular vesicles as a non-invasive source of sncRNA-based biomarkers for urogenital diseases.
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3
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Chen C, Zhang Z, Gu X, Sheng X, Xiao L, Wang X. Exosomes: New regulators of reproductive development. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100608. [PMID: 36969697 PMCID: PMC10034510 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a size range between 30 and 150 nm, which can be released by the majority of cell types and circulate in body fluid. They function as a long-distance cell-to-cell communication mechanism that modulates the gene expression profile and fate of target cells. Increasing evidence has indicated exosomes' central role in regulating various complex reproductive processes. However, to our knowledge, a review that focally and vividly describes the role of exosomes in reproductive development is still lacking. This review highlights our knowledge about the contribution of exosomes to early mammalian reproduction, such as gametogenesis, fertilization, early embryonic development, implantation, placentation and pregnancy. The discussion is primarily drawn from literature pertaining to the mammalian lineage with emphasis on the roles of exosomes in human reproduction and laboratory and livestock models.
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4
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Surface protein profiling of prostate-derived extracellular vesicles by mass spectrometry and proximity assays. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1402. [PMID: 36550367 PMCID: PMC9780212 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of intercellular communication and a promising class of biomarkers. Surface proteins of EVs play decisive roles in establishing a connection with recipient cells, and they are putative targets for diagnostic assays. Analysis of the surface proteins can thus both illuminate the biological functions of EVs and help identify potential biomarkers. We developed a strategy combining high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and proximity ligation assays (PLA) to first identify and then validate surface proteins discovered on EVs. We applied our workflow to investigate surface proteins of small EVs found in seminal fluid (SF-sEV). We identified 1,014 surface proteins and verified the presence of a subset of these on the surface of SF-sEVs. Our work demonstrates a general strategy for deep analysis of EVs' surface proteins across patients and pathological conditions, proceeding from unbiased screening by HRMS to ultra-sensitive targeted analyses via PLA.
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Wang H, Zhu Y, Tang C, Zhou Z, Wang Z, Li Z, Zheng X, Chen S, Zhou Y, Liang A, Li Y, Lin Y, Sun F. Reassessment of the Proteomic Composition and Function of Extracellular Vesicles in the Seminal Plasma. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6396829. [PMID: 34647995 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Seminal plasma contains a high concentration of extracellular vesicles (EVs). The heterogeneity of small EVs or the presence of nonvesicular extracellular matter (NV) pose major obstacles in understanding the composition and function of seminal EVs. In this study, we employed high-resolution density gradient fractionation to accurately characterize the composition and function of seminal EVs and NV. We found that the seminal EVs could be divided into 3 different subtypes-namely, high-density EV (EV-H), medium-density EV (EV-M), and low-density EV (EV-L)-after purification using iodixanol, while NV was successfully isolated. EVs and NV display different features in size, shape, and expression of some classic exosome markers. Both EV-H and NV could markedly promote sperm motility and capacitation compared with EV-M and EV-L, whereas only the NV fraction induced sperm acrosome reaction. Proteomic analysis results showed that EV-H, EV-M, EV-L, and NV had different protein components and were involved in different physiological functions. Further study showed that EV-M might reduce the production of sperm intrinsic reactive oxygen species through glutathione S-transferase mu 2. This study provides novel insights into important aspects of seminal EVs constituents and sounder footing to explore their functional properties in male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanshu Wang
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Chunhua Tang
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhiyang Zhou
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhengquan Wang
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaoguo Zheng
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shitao Chen
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yuchuan Zhou
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ajuan Liang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yanquan Li
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yu Lin
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Fei Sun
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
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6
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Ferré-Dolcet L, Frigotto L, Contiero B, Bedin S, Romagnoli S. Prostatic fluid composition and semen quality in dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia undergoing treatment with osaterone acetate. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 57:72-79. [PMID: 34706118 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) may alter prostatic fluid biochemical composition causing reduced fertility. Osaterone acetate (OA) is an androgen receptor antagonist marketed for treatment of canine BPH. Little information exists on effects of OA administration on biochemical composition of canine prostatic fluid and its role on fertility. The aim of this research was to study biochemical composition of prostatic fluid and its role on semen quality in dogs with BPH undergoing treatment with OA. Eight intact, 5-11-year-old dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia were treated orally with OA at a dose of 0.25-0.5 mg/kg once daily for seven days. Prostatic volume, semen evaluation and a biochemical analysis of prostatic fluid were performed on the day before treatment (D0), D60, D120, D180 and D240. A significant reduction (57% and 61%) of prostatic volume was observed at D60 and D120, respectively, and a significant reduction (20%) of normal spermatozoa was observed at D60 coincident with a significant increase of sperm tail defects, which disappeared during the course of the treatment. Prostatic fluid composition did not vary during the OA treatment except for zinc (Zn2+ ) with a significant increase at D120 and D180 correlated with the return to normal sperm values. In conclusion, canine Zn2+ prostatic fluid concentrations decrease during development of BPH and return to normal during treatment with OA. Zn2+ is an important electrolyte for semen quality, suggesting that oral Zn2+ supplementation might be considered a treatment to improve semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluis Ferré-Dolcet
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Contiero
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Bedin
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Romagnoli
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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7
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Vickram AS, Samad HA, Latheef SK, Chakraborty S, Dhama K, Sridharan TB, Sundaram T, Gulothungan G. Human prostasomes an extracellular vesicle - Biomarkers for male infertility and prostrate cancer: The journey from identification to current knowledge. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 146:946-958. [PMID: 31730983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are gaining attention among the cell biologists and researchers over the last two decades. Prostasomes are considered to be (Evs) secreted by prostate epithelial cells into the semen during emission or ejaculation. Prostasomes contain various proteins required for immune regulation namely, amino and dipeptidyl peptidase; endopeptidase (neutral); decay accelerating factor; angiotensin-converting enzyme. Sperm cells need a few prerequisites in order to fertilize the egg. The role of prostasomes in enhancing the male fertility was reviewed extensively throughout the manuscript. Also, prostasomes have an immunosuppressive, immunomodulatory, antibacterial role in the female reproductive tract, and in some cases they can be used as immunocontraceptive agent to regulate the fertility status. This review will give insights to many active researchers in the field of prostasomal research and male infertility/fertility research. This review will open many unanswered mechanisms of prostasomes with respect to structure-function analysis, fatty acids patterns in diagnosis as well as prognosis of male infertility/fertility. More scientific reports are in need to support the mechanism of prostasomes and its role in immunomodulation. The development of prostasomes as a biomarker for the prostate cancer is still miserable with a lot of controversial results by various researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Vickram
- Saveetha School of Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Nagar, Chennai 602 105, India.
| | - Hari Abdul Samad
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shyma K Latheef
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, R.K. Nagar, West Tripura 799008, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - T B Sridharan
- Department of Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thanigaivel Sundaram
- Saveetha School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Nagar, Chennai 602 105, India
| | - G Gulothungan
- Saveetha School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Nagar, Chennai 602 105, India
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8
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Murdica V, Giacomini E, Alteri A, Bartolacci A, Cermisoni GC, Zarovni N, Papaleo E, Montorsi F, Salonia A, Viganò P, Vago R. Seminal plasma of men with severe asthenozoospermia contain exosomes that affect spermatozoa motility and capacitation. Fertil Steril 2019; 111:897-908.e2. [PMID: 31029245 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize in depth and investigate the role of exosomes present in seminal plasma in affecting parameters underlying sperm activity. DESIGN In vitro experimental study. SETTING Research hospital. PATIENT(S) Normozoospermic, severe asthenozoospermic, and post-vasectomy azoospermic men 18-55 years of age were considered for the study. Seminal plasma was collected and processed to separate spermatozoa and exosomes. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURE(S) Exosomes from seminal plasma were isolated and characterized by means of nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy and Western blot. Exosome uptake by spermatozoa was monitored by means of immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. The effect of exosomes on spermatozoa was determined by evaluating progressive motility and capacitation, the latter assessed by means of tyrosine phosphorylation and acrosome reaction. RESULT(S) We isolated and characterized exosomes from seminal plasma of normo-, astheno-, and azoospermic patients. They display similar features in terms of shape, size, expression of canonic exosome markers and proteins involved in spermatozoa maturation, and fertilization capacity. After ejaculation, sperm cells are still receptive and are able to take up exosomes in a time- and pH-dependent manner. Exosomes derived from normozoospermic but not from asthenozoospermic individuals improve spermatozoa motility and trigger capacitation. Transfer of cysteine-rich secretory protein 1 from exosomes to spermatozoa may have a role in these phenomena. CONCLUSION(S) These findings provide evidence that: 1) sperm can still receive vesicle-derived cargo after ejaculation; 2) sperm motility and ability to undergo capacitation can benefit from exosomal transfer; and 3) semen quality is affected by male tract exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Murdica
- Urologic Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Giacomini
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Alteri
- Centro Scienze Natalità, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bartolacci
- Centro Scienze Natalità, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Greta Chiara Cermisoni
- Centro Scienze Natalità, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Papaleo
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Urologic Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy; Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Urologic Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy; Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Viganò
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vago
- Urologic Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy; Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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Schuh CMAP, Cuenca J, Alcayaga-Miranda F, Khoury M. Exosomes on the border of species and kingdom intercommunication. Transl Res 2019; 210:80-98. [PMID: 30998903 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades exosomes have become increasingly popular in the field of medicine. While until recently they were believed to be involved in the removal of obsolete particles from the cell, it is now known that exosomes are key players in cellular communication, carrying source-specific molecules such as proteins, growth factors, miRNA/mRNA, among others. The discovery that exosomes are not bound to intraspecies interactions, but are also capable of interkingdom communication, has once again revolutionized the field of exosomes research. A rapidly growing body of literature is shedding light at novel sources and participation of exosomes in physiological or regenerative processes, infection and disease. For the purpose of this review we have categorized 6 sources of interest (animal products, body fluids, plants, bacteria, fungus and parasites) and linked their innate roles to the clinics and potential medical applications, such as cell-based therapy, diagnostics or drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M A P Schuh
- Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile; Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Jimena Cuenca
- Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile; Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Alcayaga-Miranda
- Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile; Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maroun Khoury
- Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile; Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
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10
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Nagy S, Tamminen T, Andersson M, Rodriguez-Martinez H. Ejaculated boar spermatozoa displaying a rare multivesicular defect. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60:21. [PMID: 29580272 PMCID: PMC5870522 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-018-0375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Two cases of a previously unreported sperm defect appearing in boar studs in Finland are presented. Spermatozoa showed small particles scattered on their surface with a prevalence decreasing with boar age. Semen samples, either stained with eosin-nigrosin or examined with phase contrast optics on formaldehyde-fixed spermatozoa, revealed the presence of multiple particles attached to the surface of spermatozoa counted as dead cells at fixation. Transmission electron microscopy revealed these were multivesicular and multilamellar vesicles, built up by phospholipid membranes. The case is classified as a post-epididymal multivesicular sperm defect with a favorable prognosis.
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11
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Gryaznov AY, Shpakov AO, Béré E, Bourmeyster N, Efimova MG. A comparative electron microscopic study of seminal plasma in oligozoospermic and normozoospermic men. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093017060096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Waqas MY, Zhang Q, Ahmed N, Yang P, Xing G, Akhtar M, Basit A, Liu T, Hong C, Arshad M, Rahman HMSU, Chen Q. Cellular Evidence of Exosomes in the Reproductive Tract of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle Pelodiscus sinensis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2017; 327:18-27. [PMID: 28217961 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The oviduct is a location of egg production, fertilization, and sperm storage. While its secretions have broadly attributes toward different physiological functions. We examined the ultrastructure of oviduct epithelium and glands in relation to the secretions, particularly with exosomes origin in Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis using immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. The ciliated epithelial and gland cells were involved in the release of exosomes and secretions into lumen throughout the year. The exosomes were either released directly from epithelium or in relation with multivesicular body (MVB). The average size of the particles varies between 50 and 130 nm. These exosomes were also widely distributed in the epithelial ciliated cells and pericytoplasm of glands lumen. Intracellular MVB was characterized by membrane-bounded exosomes of different sizes. Exosomes were also found in close contact with the cilia and sperm membrane in the lumen, which is suggestive of their fusogenic properties. Immunohistochemistry results showed strong to moderate positive expression of exosomes, in ciliated and gland cells, during January, September, and December, as it is the time of sperm storage in this turtle, whereas they showed moderate to weak level of expression during breeding season (May). This is first study about identification of the exosomes in female turtles. Epithelial and glandular exosomes, intracellular MVB, secretions, and secretory vesicles give this turtle specie a unique secretory morphology and a potential model for investigating the secretory nature of the oviduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir Waqas
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ping Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Guipei Xing
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Masood Akhtar
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Basit
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Tengfei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Chen Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Qiusheng Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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13
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Foster BP, Balassa T, Benen TD, Dominovic M, Elmadjian GK, Florova V, Fransolet MD, Kestlerova A, Kmiecik G, Kostadinova IA, Kyvelidou C, Meggyes M, Mincheva MN, Moro L, Pastuschek J, Spoldi V, Wandernoth P, Weber M, Toth B, Markert UR. Extracellular vesicles in blood, milk and body fluids of the female and male urogenital tract and with special regard to reproduction. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2016; 53:379-95. [PMID: 27191915 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2016.1190682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from almost all cells and tissues. They are able to transport substances (e.g. proteins, RNA or DNA) at higher concentrations than in their environment and may adhere in a receptor-controlled manner to specific cells or tissues in order to release their content into the respective target structure. Blood contains high concentrations of EVs mainly derived from platelets, and, at a smaller amount, from erythrocytes. The female and male reproductive tracts produce EVs which may be associated with fertility or infertility and are released into body fluids and mucosas of the urogenital organs. In this review, the currently relevant detection methods are presented and critically compared. During pregnancy, placenta-derived EVs are dynamically detectable in peripheral blood with changing profiles depending upon progress of pregnancy and different pregnancy-associated pathologies, such as preeclampsia. EVs offer novel non-invasive diagnostic tools which may reflect the situation of the placenta and the foetus. EVs in urine have the potential of reflecting urogenital diseases including cancers of the neighbouring organs. Several methods for detection, quantification and phenotyping of EVs have been established, which include electron microscopy, flow cytometry, ELISA-like methods, Western blotting and analyses based on Brownian motion. This review article summarises the current knowledge about EVs in blood and cord blood, in the different compartments of the male and female reproductive tracts, in trophoblast cells from normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies, in placenta ex vivo perfusate, in the amniotic fluid, and in breast milk, as well as their potential effects on natural killer cells as possible targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Foster
- a Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, School of Biomedicine, University of Manchester, and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University Research , Manchester , UK
| | - T Balassa
- b Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology , Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs , Hungary
| | - T D Benen
- c Microtrac GmbH , Krefeld , Germany
| | - M Dominovic
- d Department of Physiology and Immunology , Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka , Rijeka , Croatia
| | - G K Elmadjian
- e Repro Inova Immunology Laboratory , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - V Florova
- f Department of Obstetrics , Gynecology and Perinatology, First Moscow State Medical University , Moscow , Russia
| | - M D Fransolet
- g Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology , GIGA-R, University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - A Kestlerova
- h Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine , Charles University Prague , Czech Republic
- i Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - G Kmiecik
- j Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero , Brescia , Italy
| | - I A Kostadinova
- k Department of Immunoneuroendocrinology , Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - C Kyvelidou
- l Department of Biology , University of Crete , Crete , Greece
| | - M Meggyes
- b Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology , Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs , Hungary
| | - M N Mincheva
- m Repro Inova Immunology Laboratory , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - L Moro
- n ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic- Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
- o Department of Obstetrics , Placenta-Lab, University Hospital Jena , Jena , Germany
| | - J Pastuschek
- o Department of Obstetrics , Placenta-Lab, University Hospital Jena , Jena , Germany
| | - V Spoldi
- j Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero , Brescia , Italy
| | - P Wandernoth
- p Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - M Weber
- o Department of Obstetrics , Placenta-Lab, University Hospital Jena , Jena , Germany
| | - B Toth
- q Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders , Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - U R Markert
- o Department of Obstetrics , Placenta-Lab, University Hospital Jena , Jena , Germany
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Waqas MY, Yang P, Ahmed N, Zhang Q, Liu T, Li Q, Hu L, Hong C, Chen Q. Characterization of the ultrastructure in the uterovaginal junction of the hen. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2112-9. [PMID: 27143772 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In poultry, the infundibulum is the place of fertilization, eggshell production, and sperm storage, while its uterovaginal junction (UVJ) is regarded as the most important site, which has abundant sperm storage tubules (SST). We examined the ultrastructure of the epithelium with relation to its unique secretory cytology in the UVJ of hens using transmission electron microscopy. The epithelium of the UVJ is lined with ciliated and secretory cells. Ciliated cells are characterized with light and dense secretory granules in supernuclear cytoplasm. Dense secretory granules in ciliated cells are larger in diameter (one μm), surrounded with a transparent rim and concentric layers, whereas the dense granules in the ciliated cells of SST are smaller (0.52 μm) in size and not surrounded by any transparent rim or layer. Ciliated cells also are involved in the shedding of exosomes and secretory vesicles in the lumen. Secretory exosomes are in close contact with cilia and directly release from the apical border into the lumen. Cell junctions are widely distributed between these cells. The secretory cells are associated with the release of secretions via apocrine blebs from microvilli and secretory vesicles, which protrude out from the surface of the epithelium. The dense secretory granules in these cells are smaller in size (0.6 μm), absent of a transparent rim or layers, and are released into the lumen through secretory vesicles. The intracellular multivesicular body (MVB) also is observed in the supernuclear cytoplasm of secretory cells, which are related to the production of exosomes. In general, the apical protrusion of the epithelium in the form of apocrine secretions, the releasing of exosomes, the identification of intracellular MVB, and the release of dense granules give the epithelium a distinct morphology in the UVJ of the hen oviduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Waqas
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - P Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - N Ahmed
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Q Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - T Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Q Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - L Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - C Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Q Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
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15
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Skoczek M, Nosek M, Weroński P. Voltammetric monitoring of prostasome aggregation and self-fusion. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.12.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Höög JL, Lötvall J. Diversity of extracellular vesicles in human ejaculates revealed by cryo-electron microscopy. J Extracell Vesicles 2015; 4:28680. [PMID: 26563734 PMCID: PMC4643196 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v4.28680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human ejaculates contain extracellular vesicles (EVs), that to a large extent are considered to originate from the prostate gland, and are often denominated “prostasomes.” These EVs are important for human fertility, for example by promoting sperm motility and by inducing immune tolerance of the female immune system to the spermatozoa. So far, the EVs present in human ejaculate have not been studied in their native state, inside the seminal fluid without prior purification and isolation procedures. Using cryo-electron microscopy and tomography, we performed a comprehensive inventory of human ejaculate EVs. The sample was neither centrifuged, fixed, filtered or sectioned, nor were heavy metals added. Approximately 1,500 extracellular structures were imaged and categorized. The extracellular environment of human ejaculate was found to be diverse, with 5 major subcategories of EVs and 6 subcategories of extracellular membrane compartments, including lamellar bodies. Furthermore, 3 morphological features, including electron density, double membrane bilayers and coated surface, are described in all subcategories. This study reveals that the extracellular environment in human ejaculate is multifaceted. Several novel morphological EV subcategories are identified and clues to their cellular origin may be found in their morphology. This inventory is therefore important for developing future experimental approaches, and to interpret previously published data to understand the role of EVs for human male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna L Höög
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ronquist G. Prostasomes: Their Characterisation: Implications for Human Reproduction: Prostasomes and Human Reproduction. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 868:191-209. [PMID: 26178851 PMCID: PMC7120776 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18881-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The prostate is a principal accessory genital gland that is vital for normal fertility. Epithelial cells lining the prostate acini release in a defined fashion (exocytosis) organellar nanosized structures named prostasomes. They are involved in the protection of sperm cells against immune response in the female reproductive tract by modulating the complement system and by inhibiting monocyte and neutrophil phagocytosis and lymphocyte proliferation. The immunomodulatory function most probably involves small non-coding RNAs present in prostasomes. Prostasomes have also been proposed to regulate the timing of sperm cell capacitation and induction of the acrosome reaction, since they are rich in various transferable bioactive molecules (e.g. receptors and enzymes) that promote the fertilising ability of sperm cells. Antigenicity of sperm cells has been well documented and implicated in involuntary immunological infertility of human couples, and antisperm antibodies (ASA) occur in several body fluids. The propensity of sperm cells to carry attached prostasomes suggests that they are a new category of sperm antigens. Circulating human ASA recognise prostasomes, and among 12 identified prostasomal antigens, prolactin- inducible protein (95 %) and clusterin (85 %) were immunodominant at the expense of the other 10 that were sporadically occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Ronquist
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, The University of Uppsala, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden,
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18
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Sperm quality and selected biochemical parameters of seminal fluid in dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 160:120-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tompkins AJ, Chatterjee D, Maddox M, Wang J, Arciero E, Camussi G, Quesenberry PJ, Renzulli JF. The emergence of extracellular vesicles in urology: fertility, cancer, biomarkers and targeted pharmacotherapy. J Extracell Vesicles 2015; 4:23815. [PMID: 26134460 PMCID: PMC4488336 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v4.23815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are small membrane-bound vesicles enriched in a selective repertoire of mRNA, miRNA, proteins and cell surface receptors from parental cells and are actively involved in the transmission of inter and intracellular signals. Cancer cells produce EV that contain cargo including DNA, mRNA, miRNA and proteins that allow EV to create epigenetic changes in target cells both locally and systemically. Cancer-derived EV play critical roles in tumorigenesis, cancer cell migration, metastasis, evasion of host immune defense, chemoresistance, and they promote a premetastatic niche favourable to micrometastatic seeding. Their unique molecular profiles acquired from originator cells and their presence in numerous body fluids, including blood and urine, make them promising candidates as biomarkers for prostate, renal and bladder cancers. EV may ultimately serve as targets for therapy and as platforms for personalized medicine in urology. As urologic malignancy comprises 28% of new solid tumour diagnoses and 15% of cancer-related deaths, EV-related research is rapidly emerging and providing unique insights into disease progression. In this report, we review the current literature on EV in the setting of genitourinary fertility and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Tompkins
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Miriam Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Devasis Chatterjee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA;
| | - Michael Maddox
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Miriam Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Justin Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Emily Arciero
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and School of Biotechnology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Peter J Quesenberry
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Joseph F Renzulli
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Miriam Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Mogielnicka-Brzozowska M, Strzeżek R, Wasilewska K, Kordan W. Prostasomes of canine seminal plasma - zinc-binding ability and effects on motility characteristics and plasma membrane integrity of spermatozoa. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:484-91. [PMID: 25809561 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Prostasomes are small lipid membrane-confined vesicles that are involved in various fertilization-related processes. The aim of this study was to demonstrate canine seminal plasma prostasomes' ability to bind zinc ions, as well as examining their effects on sperm motility characteristics and plasma membrane integrity during cold storage. Ejaculates, collected from five cross-bred dogs (n = 50), were subjected to ultracentrifugation followed by gel filtration (GF) on a Superose 6 column. Prostasomes appeared as a single fraction in the elution profile. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of canine prostasomes revealed the presence of membrane vesicles with diameters ranging from 20.3 to 301 nm. The zinc-affinity chromatography on a Chelating Sepharose Fast Flow - Zn(2 +) showed that from 93 to 100% of the prostasome proteins bind zinc ions (P(+) Zn). SDS-PAGE revealed that canine P(+) Zn comprised four protein bands, with low molecular weights (10.2-12 kDa). We have also shown a positive effect of prostasomes (p < 0.05), especially variant B (2% of total seminal plasma protein) on canine sperm motility parameters after 2 h storage at 5°C (TMOT%, 44.75 ± 5.18) and PMOT%, 12.42 ± 1.59) and VAP, VSL, VCL, when compared with Control (TMOT%, 7.30 ± 1.41 and PMOT%, 1.70 ± 0.42). Higher percentage of spermatozoa with intact plasma membrane (SYBR/PI dual staining) and intact acrosome (Giemsa stained), after 2 h storage at 5°C, was showed, in variant A (1.5% of total seminal plasma protein) and B, when compared with Control and variant C (2.5% of total seminal plasma protein). The prostasomes' effect on motility and plasma membrane integrity of canine cold-stored spermatozoa may be related to their ability to bind zinc ions and regulate their availability to the sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mogielnicka-Brzozowska
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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22
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Prostate cancer biomarker annexin A3 detected in urines obtained following digital rectal examination presents antigenic variability. Clin Biochem 2014; 47:901-8. [PMID: 24954692 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Annexin A3 (ANXA3) is a potential marker for prostate cancer (PCa). We aimed to develop robust immunoassays suitable for quantifying ANXA3 in urine samples obtained following digital rectal examination (DRE) in order to facilitate the diagnostic performance evaluation of this marker. DESIGN AND METHODS Anti-ANXA3 monoclonal antibodies were generated and their epitopes mapped. Two different ANXA3 assay prototypes were established on the VIDAS® automated immunoanalyser and analytical validation was carried out using post-DRE urine samples obtained from patients with PCa (n=23) or benign prostate hyperplasia (n=31). RESULTS The assays had the same capture antibody (TGC44) but different detection antibodies (13A12 or 5C5), recognizing novel distinct epitopes. Both had a lower limit of quantification <1ng/mL and were highly specific for ANXA3, not cross-reacting with other annexins. Interassay imprecision was ≤11% and ≤15% for 13A12 and 5C5 assays, respectively. Surprisingly, a total lack of correlation was observed between ANXA3 levels measured by these two assays in post-DRE urines, indicating detection of distinct antigenic variants. Two freeze-thaw cycles did not affect analyte stability in either assay, whereas a lack of stability of antigenic variants was observed when samples were stored at -80°C for 1month. CONCLUSIONS Two different antigenic variants of ANXA3 are present in post-DRE urines and their clinical significance for diagnosis of prostate cancer should be further investigated. These variants are not stable over time in samples preserved at -80°C. Until this issue is resolved, ANXA3 should only be measured in freshly collected samples.
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Wei X, Li Z, Zhang G, Yuan H, Lv J, Jiang Y, Zhang W, Huang Y, Hou J. B7-H3 promoted sperm motility in humans. Urology 2013; 83:324-30. [PMID: 24246324 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether seminal B7-H3 levels are correlated to semen parameters and affect human sperm functions. METHODS A total of 83 healthy donors of proven fertility (aged 22-37 years) and 176 infertile men (aged 21-38 years) were recruited. Computer-assisted semen analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to assess the correlations between seminal B7-H3 levels and semen parameters. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy were used to detect the putative receptor for B7-H3. Computer-assisted semen analysis and FITC-conjugated pisum sativum agglutinin staining were performed for assessing sperm motility, capacitation, and acrosome reaction (AR) after incubation with various concentrations of B7-H3 for 0-4 hours in vitro. RESULTS Seminal B7-H3 level was significantly higher in the healthy donors than that in the infertile men (P <.05), and closely associated with sperm concentrations and progressive motility (all P <.05), but not the other parameters examined (all P >.05). A putative receptor for B7-H3 was detected on the surface of sperm, with no significant differences in expression between the healthy donors and infertile men (P >.05). Seminal B7-H3 promoted sperm progressive motility in a time- and dose-dependent manner in vitro, although having no significant influence on sperm capacitation and AR. CONCLUSION B7-H3 showed a favorable effect on human sperm motility, without affecting sperm capacitation and AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zigang Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangbo Zhang
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hexing Yuan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingxing Lv
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Department of Reproductive Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianquan Hou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Ronquist GK, Ek B, Ronquist G, Morrell J, Carlsson L, Larsson A. Biochemical characterization of stallion prostasomes and comparison to their human counterparts. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2013; 59:297-303. [DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2013.822612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kovak MR, Saraswati S, Goddard SD, Diekman AB. Proteomic identification of galectin-3 binding ligands and characterization of galectin-3 proteolytic cleavage in human prostasomes. Andrology 2013; 1:682-91. [PMID: 23836758 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a multifunctional carbohydrate-binding protein that was previously characterized as a proteolytic substrate for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and was shown to be associated with prostasomes in human semen. Prostasomes are exosome-like vesicles that are secreted by the prostatic epithelium and have multiple proposed functions in normal reproduction and prostate cancer. In the current study, galectin-3 binding ligands in human prostasomes were identified and characterized with the goal to investigate galectin-3 function in prostasomes. Galectin-3 binding proteins were isolated by affinity column chromatography. Candidate ligands identified by MS/MS were PSA, prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), zinc alpha-2-glycoprotein (ZAG), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (CD26), aminopeptidase N (CD13), neprilysin, clusterin, antibacterial protein (FALL-39) and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (ORM1). Biochemical methods were used to characterize the ability of galectin-3 to bind to selected ligands, and galectin-3 cleavage assays were utilized to investigate the protease(s) in prostasomes that cleaves galectin-3. CD26, CD13, PSA, PAP and ZAG immunoreactivity were detected in extracts of purified prostasomes. One-dimensional electroblot analysis of prostasomes demonstrated that CD26, PAP and CD13 immunoreactivity co-migrated with galectin-3-reactive protein bands. PSA and ZAG were found to be associated with the surface of prostasomes. Both intact and cleaved galectin-3 were detected in prostate and prostasome extracts. Cleavage and inhibition assays indicated that PSA in prostasomes proteolytically cleaves galectin-3. The identification of these glycoproteins as galectin-3 ligands lays the groundwork for future studies of galectin-3 and prostasome function in reproduction and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Kovak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Castellini C, Mattioli S, Ruggeri S, Dal Bosco A, Collodel G. The time-dependent effects of prostate granules and seminal plasma on the capacitation, acrosome reaction, and motility of rabbit sperm. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 140:97-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Proteomic analysis of boar spermatozoa and quantity changes of superoxide dismutase 1, glutathione peroxidase, and peroxiredoxin 5 during epididymal maturation. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 135:53-61. [PMID: 22981846 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian spermatozoa and their various proteins undergo various modifications during maturation in the epididymis. To characterize proteins that change in quantity during this maturational process, boar spermatozoa were collected from various regions of the epididymis, and extracts were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). A number of proteins were identified as changing in quantity, and MALDI-MS analysis revealed that superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) from the acrosomal proteins of spermatozoa, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and peroxiredoxin 5 from the membranous fraction increased during the epididymal transit of spermatozoa. These proteins are antioxidants that remove reactive oxygen species (ROS); they are presumed to protect spermatozoa during epididymal transit and storage. Western blot analysis of SOD1, GPX and peroxiredoxin 5 showed that these protein levels increased as the spermatozoa traveled from the caput to the cauda epididymis. Activity analysis showed that total SOD activity also increased. Therefore, we conclude that several antioxidant proteins increase during the transit of boar spermatozoa through the epididymis, ultimately contributing to the maturation and/or survival of sperm.
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Microvesicles and exosomes: Opportunities for cell-derived membrane vesicles in drug delivery. J Control Release 2012; 161:635-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Rovegno M, Feitosa WB, Rocha AM, Mendes CM, Visintin JA, D’Avila Assumpção MEO. Assessment of post-thawed ram sperm viability after incubation with seminal plasma. Cell Tissue Bank 2012; 14:333-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10561-012-9317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Dissanayake D, Wijesinghe P, Ratnasooriya W, Wimalasena S. Relationship between seminal plasma zinc and semen quality in a subfertile population. J Hum Reprod Sci 2011; 3:124-8. [PMID: 21234172 PMCID: PMC3017327 DOI: 10.4103/0974-1208.74153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE: Current knowledge on the relationship between seminal zinc levels and different parameters of human semen is inconsistent. OBJECTIVES: To assess the relationship between seminal plasma zinc and semen quality using two markers; zinc concentration (Zn-C) and total zinc per ejaculate (Zn-T). DESIGN: The study was carried out as a cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Semen parameters of 152 healthy men undergoing evaluation for subfertility were assessed. Seminal plasma zinc levels were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Zn-C, expressed as μg/mL, was multiplied by ejaculated volume to calculate Zn-T. Mann Whitney U test and Chi-square test were used to compare the zinc levels between different seminal groups when appropriate. Correlations were observed with Pearson’s correlation of coefficient. Analysis was carried out using SPSS 10.0 for windows software. RESULTS: Zn-C was low in 23 (15%) samples, while in 32 (21%) of the samples Zn-T was abnormal. The number of subnormal samples was high in the low-zinc groups compared with the normal-zinc groups, 15 vs. 8 (P > 0.05) for Zn-C and 28 vs. 4 (P < 0.001) for Zn-T. Zn-C was significantly high in the asthenozoospermics compared with the normal motile group; 138.11 μg/mL (83.92) vs. 110.69 11 μg/mL (54.59) (P < 0.05). Zn-T was significantly low in samples with hyperviscosity compared with samples with normal viscosity; 220.06 μg (144.09) vs. 336.34 μg (236.33) (P < 0.05). Conversely, Zn-T was high in samples with low viability compared with those with normal viability; 437.67 μg (283.88) vs. 305.15 μg (221.19) (P < 0.05). Weak correlations were found between Zn and some semen parameters. However, the correlation was negative between pH and Zn-C (r = –0.193, P < 0.05) as well as Zn-T (r = –0.280, P < 0.01). On the other hand, correlations were positive between Zn-T and sperm count (r = 0.211, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Count, motility, viability, pH and viscosity are affected by variations of seminal plasma zinc. Seminal plasma Zn-T is the better marker for assessing the relationship between zinc and semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmab Dissanayake
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
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Prostasomal DNA characterization and transfer into human sperm. Mol Reprod Dev 2011; 78:467-76. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
Proteins involved in calcium signaling are delivered to sperm through fusion with prostate-derived vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejian Ren
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 415 South University Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Block AS, Saraswati S, Lichti CF, Mahadevan M, Diekman AB. Co-purification of Mac-2 binding protein with galectin-3 and association with prostasomes in human semen. Prostate 2011; 71:711-21. [PMID: 21031433 PMCID: PMC3210485 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostasomes are exosome-like vesicles that are secreted by the prostate and incorporated into semen during ejaculation. Human prostasomes are proposed to function in regulation of sperm function, immunosuppression, and prostate cancer progression. Previously, we identified galectin-3 on the surface of prostasomes. Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside binding protein involved in immunomodulation, cell interactions, and cancer progression, including prostate cancer. Functional characterization of galectin-3 in a given biological environment includes identification of its target glycoprotein ligands. METHODS Candidate galectin-3 ligands in prostasomes were identified by tandem mass spectrometry of proteins that co-purified with galectin-3 during lactose affinity chromatography. Immunochemical and biochemical methods were used to investigate the association of Mac-2 binding protein (M2BP) with prostasomes. RESULTS Proteins identified by tandem mass spectrometry included M2BP, CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV, prolactin-inducible protein (PIP), olfactomedin-4 (OLFM4), and semenogelins I and II (SgI and SgII). M2BP is a known galectin-3 ligand that was not previously described in prostasomes. M2BP protein bands were detected in the testis, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicle, and sperm extracts. In seminal plasma, M2BP was identified in the soluble fraction and in purified prostasomes. Surface biotinylation and immunofluorescence studies indicated that M2BP is present on the prostasome surface and on sperm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS M2BP, CD26, PIP, OLFM4, and SgI and SgII are candidate glycoprotein ligands for galectin-3 in prostasomes. Given their overlap in functional significance with prostasomes and galectin-3, the identification of these glycoproteins as galectin-3 ligands in prostasomes lays the groundwork for future studies of prostasomes in reproduction and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S. Block
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Sarika Saraswati
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Cheryl F. Lichti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Maha Mahadevan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Alan B. Diekman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
- Corresponding author: Telephone: 501-686-5812; Fax: 501-686-8169;
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Pons-Rejraji H, Artonne C, Sion B, Brugnon F, Canis M, Janny L, Grizard G. Prostasomes: inhibitors of capacitation and modulators of cellular signalling in human sperm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 34:568-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2010.01116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Babiker AA, Magnusson PU, Ronquist G, Nilsson B, Ekdahl KN. Mapping pro- and antiangiogenic factors on the surface of prostasomes of normal and malignant cell origin. Prostate 2010; 70:834-47. [PMID: 20127731 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels by capillary sprouting from pre-existing vessels. Tumor growth is angiogenesis-dependent and the formation of new blood vessels is associated with the increased expression of angiogenic factors. Prostasomes are secretory granules produced, stored and released by the glandular epithelial cells of the prostate. We investigated the expression of selected angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors on the surface of prostasomes of different origins as well as the direct effect of prostasomes on angiogenesis. METHODS VEGF, endothelin-1, endostatin, and thrombospondin-1 were determined on prostasomes from seminal fluid and human prostate cancer cell lines (DU145,PC-3,LNCaP) using different immunochemical techniques. Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells were incubated with seminal and DU145 cell-prostasomes and with radioactive thymidine. The effect of prostasomes on angiogenesis was judged by measuring the uptake of labeled thymidine. The presence of any deleterious effects of prostasomes on the endothelial cells was investigated using thymidine assay and confocal laser microscopy. RESULTS VEGF and endothelin-1 were determined on malignant cell-prostasomes (no difference between cell lines) but not determined on seminal prostasomes. The same applies for the expression of endostatin but with much higher expression on malignant cell-prostasomes with obvious differences between them. Seminal and DU145 cell-prostasomes were found to have anti-angiogenic effect which was more expressed by DU145 cell-prostasomes. No deleterious effect of prostasomes on endothelial function was detected using either thymidine assay or microscopy. CONCLUSIONS Prostasomes contain pro- and anti-angiogenic factors that function to counteract each other unless the impact from one side exceeds the other to bring about dysequilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil A Babiker
- Rudbeck Laboratory C5, Department of Oncology, Uppsala, Sweden
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Jones JL, Saraswati S, Block AS, Lichti CF, Mahadevan M, Diekman AB. Galectin-3 is associated with prostasomes in human semen. Glycoconj J 2010; 27:227-36. [PMID: 19830550 PMCID: PMC3261635 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-009-9262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a beta-galactoside-binding protein involved in immunomodulation, cell interactions, cancer progression, and pathogenesis of infectious organisms. We report the identification and characterization of galectin-3 in human semen. In the male reproductive tract, the approximately 30 kDa galectin-3 protein was identified in testis, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicle, and sperm protein extracts. In seminal plasma, galectin-3 was identified in the soluble fraction and in prostasomes, cholesterol-rich, membranous vesicles that are secreted by the prostate and incorporated into seminal plasma during ejaculation. Two-dimensional immunoblot analysis of purified prostasomes identified five galectin-3 isoelectric variants with a pI range of 7.0 to 9.2. Affinity purification and tandem mass spectrometry of beta-galactoside-binding proteins from prostasomes confirmed the presence of galectin-3 in prostasomes and identified a truncated galectin-3 variant. The intact galectin-3 molecule contains a carbohydrate recognition domain and a non-lectin domain that interacts with protein and lipid moieties. The identification of a monovalent galectin-3 fragment with conserved carbohydrate-binding activity indicates the functional relevance of this truncation and suggests a regulatory mechanism for galectin-3 in prostasomes. Surface biotinylation studies suggested that galectin-3 and the truncated galectin-3 variant are localized to the prostasome surface. Prostasomes are proposed to function in immunosuppression and regulation of sperm function in the female reproductive tract, are implicated in facilitating sexually-transmitted infections, and are indicated in prostate cancer progression. Given the overlap in functional significance, the identification of galectin-3 in prostasomes lays the groundwork for future studies of galectin-3 and prostasomes in reproduction, disease transmission, and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Sarika Saraswati
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Ashley S. Block
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Cheryl F. Lichti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Maha Mahadevan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Alan B. Diekman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
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Liu H, Shen J, Feng L, Yu Y. Low concentration of anti-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene induces alterations of extracellular protein profile of exposed epithelial cells. Proteomics 2009; 9:4259-64. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Siciliano L, Marcianò V, Carpino A. Prostasome-like vesicles stimulate acrosome reaction of pig spermatozoa. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2008; 6:5. [PMID: 18234073 PMCID: PMC2266753 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-6-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of small membranous particles characterizes the male genital fluids of different mammalian species. The influence of semen vesicles, denominated prostasomes, on sperm functional properties has been well documented in humans, but their biological activity is scarcely known in other species. The present work investigated prostasome-like vesicles in pig semen for their ability to interact with spermatozoa and to affect acrosome reaction. METHODS Prostasome-like vesicles have been isolated from pig seminal plasma by high-speed centrifugation and Sephadex G-200 gel chromatography. Morphology of purified vesicles has been checked by scanning electron microscopy while their protein pattern has been investigated by SDS-PAGE. Then prostasome- like vesicles have been incubated with pig spermatozoa and their ability to interact with sperm has been tested by the aminopeptidase assay. In addition, the efficiency of vesicles to influence the acrosome reaction has been investigated by assessing the sperm acrosomal status by the PI/FITC-PNA (propidium iodide/fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled peanut agglutinin) stainings. RESULTS Purified vesicles revealed a complex protein pattern with the occurrence of bands in the high, medium and low molecular weight range. However, the two major bands were observed at approximately 90 kDa and approximately 60 kDa. A vesicle-mediated transfer of aminopeptidase to sperm cells has been also detected. Furthermore, a significant increase of acrosome reaction extent has been revealed in spermatozoa incubated with prostasome-like vesicles in comparison to control sperm. CONCLUSION This is the first report demonstrating that pig prostasome-like vesicles are able, in vitro, to interact with spermatozoa and to stimulate the acrosome reaction. These findings lead to hypothesize a transfer of molecules from vesicles to sperm membrane, thus sensitizing male gametes to undergo the acrosome reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Siciliano
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Vito Marcianò
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy Section, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Amalia Carpino
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
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Wozny W, Schroer K, Schwall GP, Poznanović S, Stegmann W, Dietz K, Rogatsch H, Schaefer G, Huebl H, Klocker H, Schrattenholz A, Cahill MA. Differential radioactive quantification of protein abundance ratios between benign and malignant prostate tissues: cancer association of annexin A3. Proteomics 2007; 7:313-22. [PMID: 17205602 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A differential quantitative protein expression study, comparing matched prostate cancerous and benign tissues from 31 patients, revealed proteins newly associated with prostate cancer. Average effects for 17 proteins whose abundance was significantly different (p<0.01) across patients ranged from 1.5- to 6.1-fold, and included a number of known cancer markers. The most differentially abundant proteins between cancer and benign samples were isopeptidase T, serum amyloid P (SAP), annexin A3 (ANXA3) and mitochondrial enoyl coenzyme-A hydratase. SAP is restricted to stroma in healthy tissue, and the lower abundance in tumours may be explained by the reduced stromal content. ANXA3 is present in healthy epithelial cells, exhibits strong staining in precancerous prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and is relatively less abundant in individual tumour cells of increasing Gleason pattern (GP), despite exhibiting higher overall tissue abundance in tumours. ANXA3 staining was predominantly cytoplasmic, yet nuclear localization was also observed. Strongly staining single cells, possibly phagocytes, were interspersed in highly dedifferentiated GP5 tumour areas among tumour cells without measurable ANXA3. Local recurrent androgen ablation therapy-resistant tumours exhibit heterogenous low levels of ANXA3 staining. Results are discussed focussing on the potential implications for tumour tissues.
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Rejraji H, Sion B, Prensier G, Carreras M, Motta C, Frenoux JM, Vericel E, Grizard G, Vernet P, Drevet JR. Lipid Remodeling of Murine Epididymosomes and Spermatozoa During Epididymal Maturation1. Biol Reprod 2006; 74:1104-13. [PMID: 16510839 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.105.049304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We have isolated vesicular structures from mouse epididymal fluid, referred to as epididymosomes. Epididymosomes have a roughly spherical aspect and a bilayer membrane, and they are heterogeneous in size and content. They originate from the epididymal epithelium, notably from the caput region, and are emitted in the epididymal lumen by way of apocrine secretion. We characterized their membranous lipid profiles in caput and cauda epididymidal fluid samples and found that epididymosomes were particularly rich in sphingomyelin (SM) and arachidonic acid. The proportion of SM increased markedly during epididymal transit and represented half the total phospholipids in cauda epididymidal epididymosomes. The cholesterol:phospholipid ratio increased from 0.26 in the caput to 0.48 in the cauda epididymidis. Measures of epididymosomal membrane anisotropy revealed that epididymosomes became more rigid during epididymal transit, in agreement with their lipid composition. In addition, we have characterized the membrane lipid pattern of murine epididymal spermatozoa during their maturation. Here, we have shown that mouse epididymal spermatozoa were distinguished by high percentages of SM and polyunsaturated membranous fatty acids (PUFAs), principally represented by arachidonic, docosapentanoic, and docosahexanoic acids. Both SM and PUFA increased throughout the epididymal tract. In particular, we observed a threefold rise in the ratio of docosapentanoic acid. Epididymal spermatozoa had a constant cholesterol:phospholipid ratio (average, 0.30) during epididymal transit. These data suggest that in contrast with epididymosomes, spermatozoal membranes seem to become more fluid during epididymal maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanae Rejraji
- Laboratoire Epididyme et Maturation des Gamètes, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS UMR 6547 GEEM, 63177 Aubière, France
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Piehl LL, Cisale H, Torres N, Capani F, Sterin-Speziale N, Hager A. Biochemical characterization and membrane fluidity of membranous vesicles isolated from boar seminal plasma. Anim Reprod Sci 2006; 92:401-10. [PMID: 16084674 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2005] [Accepted: 06/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian seminal plasma contains membranous vesicles (MV), which differ in composition and origin. Among these particles, human prostasomes and equine prostasome-like MV have been the most studied. The aim of the present work is to characterize the biochemical composition and membrane fluidity of MV isolated from boar seminal plasma. The MV from boar seminal plasma were isolated by ultracentrifugation and further purification by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The MV were examined by electron microscopy (EM), amount of cholesterol, total phospholipid, protein content, and phospholipid composition were analyzed. Membrane fluidity of MV and spermatozoa were estimated from the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of the 5-doxilstearic acid incorporated into the vesicle membranes by the order parameter (S). The S parameter gives a measure of degree of structural order in the membrane and is defined as the ratio of the spectral anisotropy in the membranes to the maximum anisotropy obtained in a rigidly oriented system. The S parameter takes into consideration that S = 1 for a rapid spin-label motion of about only one axis and S = 0 for a rapid isotropic motion. Intermediate S values between S = 0 and S = 1 represents the consequence of decreased membrane fluidity. The EM revealed the presence of bilaminar and multilaminar electron-dense vesicles. Cholesterol to phospholipid molar ratio from the isolated MV was 1.8. Phospholipid composition showed a predominance of sphingomyelin. The S parameter for porcine MV and for boar spermatozoa was 0.73 +/- 0.02 and 0.644 +/- 0.008, respectively, with the S for MV being greater (p < 0.001) than the S for spermatozoa. The high order for S found for boar MV was in agreement with the greater cholesterol/phospholipids ratio and the lesser ratio for phosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin. Results obtained in the present work indicate that MV isolated from boar semen share many biochemical and morphological characteristics with equine prostasome-like MV and human prostasomes. The characteristics of the porcine MV of the seminal plasma, however, differed from those of boar sperm plasma membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia L Piehl
- Cátedra de Física, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica and Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Servicios en Radicales Libres en Biología y Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Planta Baja, 1113-Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Castellini C, Cardinali R, Dal Bosco A, Minelli A, Camici O. Lipid composition of the main fractions of rabbit semen. Theriogenology 2006; 65:703-12. [PMID: 16029885 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2005] [Revised: 05/18/2005] [Accepted: 05/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rabbit semen contains mature spermatozoa and several other fractions (seminal plasma, droplets and vesicles) which are separated by various procedures. These fractions have a variable lipid profile: spermatozoa contain the largest amount of phospholipids (PL), whereas seminal plasma, droplets and vesicles accounted for 49.8% of the total PLs. The cholesterol content in raw semen was 811 microg/10(9) but was only 21-23% in spermatozoa. The main PL classes of rabbit spermatozoa were PC, LPC, PE, PS, SM and PI, which varied according to the separation procedures used. Percoll-separated spermatozoa (Sp(p)) showed an increase of LPC, a higher LPC/PC ratio but a lower lipid content compared to the theoretical amount. This membrane modification did not affect the number of live cells but greatly influenced the functional properties of the rabbit spermatozoa, i.e. the HOS-test and induced acrosome reaction. PC, followed by PE and LPC were the most abundant PL classes of seminal plasma, droplets and vesicles. These fractions have higher PE and SM levels and lower PC/PE+PC ratios than in the germinal cells. Some physiological implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Castellini
- Department of Biologia Vegetale, Biotecnologie Agroambientali e Zootecniche, Borgo 20 Giugno 74, 06100 Perugia, Italy
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Burden HP, Holmes CH, Persad R, Whittington K. Prostasomes--their effects on human male reproduction and fertility. Hum Reprod Update 2005; 12:283-92. [PMID: 16373403 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmi052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prostate is a glandular male accessory sex organ vital for normal fertility. It provides the prostatic component of seminal plasma which nourishes and protects sperm following ejaculation. Prostasomes are small (40-500 nm) membrane-bound vesicles produced by epithelial cells lining the prostate acini and are a component of prostatic secretions. Although the existence of these particles has been known for many years, their full function and relevance to reproductive health are largely unknown. Proteomic studies have shown a wide range of proteins (enzymes, structural proteins and novel, unannotated proteins) present in or on the surface of prostasomes providing them with a diverse nature. Interestingly prostasomes are able to fuse with sperm, this event and the associated transfer of proteins lies at the heart of many of their proposed functions. Sperm motility is increased by the presence of prostasomes and their fusion prevents premature acrosome reactions. Prostasomes have been shown to aid protection of sperm within the female reproductive tract because of immunosuppressive, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Clinically these functions imply a role for prostasomes in male factor infertility. However, the very functions that promote fertility may have negative connotations in later life; recent work has suggested that prostasomes are involved in prostate cancer. Clearly more work is needed to clarify the role of these novel particles and their impact on men's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Burden
- Clinical Sciences South Bristol, Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrated Neuroendocrinology, Dorothy Hodgkin Building.
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Nazarova PA, Yamskova VP, Krasnov MS, Yamskov IA. Analysis of a regulatory protein isolated from the bovine prostate. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2005; 405:467-8. [PMID: 16485646 DOI: 10.1007/s10630-005-0167-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P A Nazarova
- Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 26, Moscow, 119991 Russia
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Abstract
More than 50 years ago Austin and Chang defined mammalian sperm capacitation as a period of time that sperm must reside in the female reproductive tract before they acquire the ability to fertilize oocytes. Since then numerous investigations have attempted to more clearly define the molecules and processes that are a part of capacitation. The data that have provided a more clear definition of capacitation were primarily derived from in vitro experiments. This is particularly true for studies on human sperm capacitation. While ethical constraints have limited an equal balance of in vivo studies there are those data that when coupled with some of the in vitro data allow for the formulation of a biological framework for human sperm capacitation in vivo. This review will put forth the biological basis for human capacitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher De Jonge
- Reproductive Medicine Center, University of Minnesota, 606, 24th Avenue South, Suite 500, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
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