1
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Richtmann S, Marwitz S, Muley T, Koistinen H, Christopoulos P, Thomas M, Kazdal D, Allgäuer M, Winter H, Goldmann T, Meister M, Klingmüller U, Schneider MA. The pregnancy-associated protein glycodelin as a potential sex-specific target for resistance to immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Res 2024; 272:177-189. [PMID: 38490536 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer has been shown to be targetable by novel immunotherapies which reactivate the immune system and enable tumor cell killing. However, treatment failure and resistance to these therapies is common. Consideration of sex as a factor influencing therapy resistance is still rare. We hypothesize that the success of the treatment is impaired by the presence of the immunosuppressive pregnancy-associated glycoprotein glycodelin that is expressed in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We demonstrate that the glycan pattern of NSCLC-derived glycodelin detected by a lectin-based enrichment assay highly resembles amniotic fluid-derived glycodelin A, which is known to have immunosuppressive properties. NSCLC-derived glycodelin interacts with immune cells in vitro and regulates the expression of genes associated with inflammatory and tumor microenvironment pathways. In tumor microarray samples of patients, high glycodelin staining in tumor areas results in an impaired overall survival of female patients. Moreover, glycodelin colocalizes to tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells and pro-tumorigenic M2 macrophages. High serum concentrations of glycodelin prior to immunotherapy are associated with a poor progression-free survival (p < 0.001) of female patients receiving PD-(L)1 inhibitors. In summary, our findings suggest that glycodelin not only is a promising immunological biomarker for early identification of female patients that do not benefit from the costly immunotherapy, but also represents a promising immunotherapeutic target in NSCLC to improve therapeutic options in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Richtmann
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Marwitz
- Histology, Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany; Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Petros Christopoulos
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Thomas
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Kazdal
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Allgäuer
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hauke Winter
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Surgery, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Torsten Goldmann
- Histology, Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany; Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Michael Meister
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ursula Klingmüller
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc A Schneider
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.
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2
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Trefzer TB, Schneider MA, Jechow K, Chua RL, Muley T, Winter H, Kriegsmann M, Meister M, Eils R, Conrad C. Intratumoral Heterogeneity and Immune Modulation in Lung Adenocarcinoma in Female Smokers and Never Smokers. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3116-3129. [PMID: 35819252 PMCID: PMC9437562 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Single-cell analysis of healthy lung tissue and lung cancer reveals distinct tumor cell populations, including cells with differential immune modulating capacity between smokers and never smokers, which could guide future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo B. Trefzer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Digital Health Center, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc A. Schneider
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Jechow
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Digital Health Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Lorenz Chua
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Digital Health Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hauke Winter
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Kriegsmann
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Meister
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Digital Health Center, Berlin, Germany.,Health Data Science Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital and BioQuant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Conrad
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Digital Health Center, Berlin, Germany.,Corresponding Author: Christian Conrad, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Digital Health Center, Kapelle-Ufer 2, Berlin 10117, Germany. Phone: 4930-4505-43097; E-mail:
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3
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Wang X, Xia Z, Li Z, Zhang C. Development of a SETD2-related immune prognostic signature in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29561. [PMID: 35945780 PMCID: PMC9351884 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a malignant tumor of urinary system, and clear cell RCC (ccRCC) is the major pathological subtype. A high-frequency mutation in SETD2 gene is related to the occurrence, development, and poor prognosis of RCC. OBJECTIVE The research of immune-related genes (IRGs) is important to the success of immunotherapy in RCC. The aim of this study was to develop SETD2-related immune prognostic signature (IPS) potentially useful in the prognosis prediction of ccRCC. METHODS The expression profile, mutation profile, and clinical data related to ccRCC were obtained from the TCGA (Cancer Genome Atlas) and cBioPortal databases. The data of IRGs were downloaded from the ImmPort database. RESULTS An IPS with 5 genes (PDIA2, PAEP, AMELX, GREM2, and INHA) was constructed by analyzing the correlation between prognosis data and IRGs associated with ccRCC patients with wild type and mutant SETD2 genes. The clinical utility of the IPS and its relationship with immune microenvironment were also studied. CONCLUSIONS According to the results of this study, the IPS can be a promising biomarker of ccRCC to guide its prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyuan Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhinan Xia
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Cheng Zhang, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China (e-mail: )
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4
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Hui B, Lu C, Wang J, Xu Y, Yang Y, Ji H, Li X, Xu L, Wang J, Tang W, Wang K, Gu Y. Engineered exosomes for co-delivery of PGM5-AS1 and oxaliplatin to reverse drug resistance in colon cancer. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:911-933. [PMID: 34463962 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin resistance inevitably occurs in almost all cases of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), and it is important to study the roles of lncRNAs and their specific regulatory mechanisms in oxaliplatin resistance. Exosomes are increasingly designed for drug or functional nucleic acid delivery due to their properties, thereby improving the effectiveness of cancer therapy. The results of this study show that the low expression of PGM5 antisense RNA 1 (PGM5-AS1) in colon cancer is induced by transcription inhibitor, GFI1B. PGM5-AS1 prevents proliferation, migration, and acquired oxaliplatin tolerance of colon cancer cells. Exosomes encapsulating oxaliplatin and PGM5-AS1 can reverse drug resistance. For identifying differentially expressed target genes regarding PGM5-AS1, RNA transcriptome sequencing was performed. The mechanism by which PGM5-AS1 regulates its target genes was explored by performing experiments such as fluorescent in situ hybridization assay, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation. The results show that by recruiting SRSF3, PGM5-AS1 activates alternate splicing to downregulate PAEP expression. For hsa-miR-423-5p, PGM5-AS1 can also act as a sponge to upregulate the NME1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Hui
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Lu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yetao Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Ji
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingyan Xu
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Keming Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhong Gu
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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5
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Sawyer L. β-Lactoglobulin and Glycodelin: Two Sides of the Same Coin? Front Physiol 2021; 12:678080. [PMID: 34093238 PMCID: PMC8173191 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.678080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The two lipocalins, β-lactoglobulin (βLg) and glycodelin (Gd), are possibly the most closely related members of the large and widely distributed lipocalin family, yet their functions appear to be substantially different. Indeed, the function of β-lactoglobulin, a major component of ruminant milk, is still unclear although neonatal nutrition is clearly important. On the other hand, glycodelin has several specific functions in reproduction conferred through distinct, tissue specific glycosylation of the polypeptide backbone. It is also associated with some cancer outcomes. The glycodelin gene, PAEP, reflecting one of its names, progestagen-associated endometrial protein, is expressed in many though not all primates, but the name has now also been adopted for the β-lactoglobulin gene (HGNC, www.genenames.org). After a general overview of the two proteins in the context of the lipocalin family, this review considers the properties of each in the light of their physiological functional significance, supplementing earlier reviews to include studies from the past decade. While the biological function of glycodelin is reasonably well defined, that of β-lactoglobulin remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Sawyer
- School of Biological Sciences, IQB3, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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6
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Novel Liquid Biomarker Panels for A Very Early Response Capturing of NSCLC Therapies in Advanced Stages. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040954. [PMID: 32290637 PMCID: PMC7226444 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) scans are the gold standard to measure treatment success of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapies. Here, we investigated the very early tumor response of patients receiving chemotherapy or targeted therapies using a panel of already established and explorative liquid biomarkers. Blood samples from 50 patients were taken at baseline and at three early time points after therapy initiation. DNA mutations, a panel of 17 microRNAs, glycodelin, glutathione disulfide, glutathione, soluble caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 (M30 antigen), and soluble cytokeratin 18 (M65 antigen) were measured in serum and plasma samples. Baseline and first follow-up CT scans were evaluated and correlated with biomarker data. The detection rate of the individual biomarkers was between 56% and 100%. While only keratin 18 correlated with the tumor load at baseline, we found several individual markers correlating with the tumor response to treatment for each of the three time points of blood draws. A combination of the five best markers at each time point resulted in highly significant marker panels indicating therapeutic response (R2 = 0.78, R2 = 0.71, and R2 = 0.71). Our study demonstrates that an early measurement of biomarkers immediately after therapy start can assess tumor response to treatment and might support an adaptation of treatment to improve patients’ outcome.
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7
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Charkoftaki G, Wang Y, McAndrews M, Bruford EA, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V, Nebert DW. Update on the human and mouse lipocalin (LCN) gene family, including evidence the mouse Mup cluster is result of an "evolutionary bloom". Hum Genomics 2019; 13:11. [PMID: 30782214 PMCID: PMC6381713 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-019-0191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipocalins (LCNs) are members of a family of evolutionarily conserved genes present in all kingdoms of life. There are 19 LCN-like genes in the human genome, and 45 Lcn-like genes in the mouse genome, which include 22 major urinary protein (Mup) genes. The Mup genes, plus 29 of 30 Mup-ps pseudogenes, are all located together on chromosome (Chr) 4; evidence points to an “evolutionary bloom” that resulted in this Mup cluster in mouse, syntenic to the human Chr 9q32 locus at which a single MUPP pseudogene is located. LCNs play important roles in physiological processes by binding and transporting small hydrophobic molecules —such as steroid hormones, odorants, retinoids, and lipids—in plasma and other body fluids. LCNs are extensively used in clinical practice as biochemical markers. LCN-like proteins (18–40 kDa) have the characteristic eight β-strands creating a barrel structure that houses the binding-site; LCNs are synthesized in the liver as well as various secretory tissues. In rodents, MUPs are involved in communication of information in urine-derived scent marks, serving as signatures of individual identity, or as kairomones (to elicit fear behavior). MUPs also participate in regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism via a mechanism not well understood. Although much has been learned about LCNs and MUPs in recent years, more research is necessary to allow better understanding of their physiological functions, as well as their involvement in clinical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA
| | - Yewei Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA
| | - Monica McAndrews
- Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Elspeth A Bruford
- HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - David C Thompson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA.
| | - Daniel W Nebert
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics; Department of Pediatrics and Molecular and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Research Center, University Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
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8
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Weber R, Meister M, Muley T, Thomas M, Sültmann H, Warth A, Winter H, Herth FJ, Schneider MA. Pathways regulating the expression of the immunomodulatory protein glycodelin in non‑small cell lung cancer. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:515-526. [PMID: 30535430 PMCID: PMC6317686 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycodelin [gene name, progesterone associated endometrial protein (PAEP)] was initially described as an immune system modulator in reproduction. Today, it is also known to be expressed in several types of cancer, including non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this cancer type, the feasibility of its usage as a follow‑up biomarker and its potential role as an immune system modulator were described. It is assumed that NSCLC tumours secrete glycodelin to overcome immune surveillance. Therefore, targeting glycodelin might be a future approach with which to weaken the immune system defence of NSCLC tumours. In this context, it is important to understand the regulatory pathways of PAEP/glycodelin expression, as these are mostly unknown so far. In this study, we analysed the influence of several inducers and of their downstream pathways on PAEP/glycodelin expression in a human lung adenocarcinoma carcinoma (ADC; H1975) and a human lung squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) cell line (2106T). PAEP/glycodelin expression was notably stimulated by the canonical transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β pathway in SQCC cells and the PKC signalling cascade in both cell lines. The PI3K/AKT pathway inhibited PAEP/glycodelin expression in the ADC cells and an antagonizing role towards the other investigated signalling cascades is suggested herein. Furthermore, the mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular‑signal regulated kinases (ERK) pathway was, to a lesser extent, found to be associated with increased PAEP/glycodelin amounts. The phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), MEK/ERK pathway and TGF‑β are targets of NSCLC drugs that are already approved or are currently under investigation. On the whole, the findings of this study provide evidence that inhibiting these targets affects the expression of glycodelin and its immunosuppressive effect in NSCLC tumours. Moreover, understanding the regulation of glycodelin expression may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches with which to weaken the immune system defence of NSCLC tumours in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Weber
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL-TLRC), 69120 Heidelberg
| | - Michael Meister
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL-TLRC), 69120 Heidelberg
| | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL-TLRC), 69120 Heidelberg
| | - Michael Thomas
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL-TLRC), 69120 Heidelberg
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg
| | - Holger Sültmann
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL-TLRC), 69120 Heidelberg
- Division of Cancer Genome Research Group, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)
| | - Arne Warth
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL-TLRC), 69120 Heidelberg
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg
| | - Hauke Winter
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL-TLRC), 69120 Heidelberg
- Department of Surgery
| | - Felix J.F. Herth
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL-TLRC), 69120 Heidelberg
- Department of Pneumology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc A. Schneider
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL-TLRC), 69120 Heidelberg
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9
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Schneider MA, Muley T, Weber R, Wessels S, Thomas M, Herth FJF, Kahn NC, Eberhardt R, Winter H, Heussel G, Warth A, Herold-Mende C, Meister M. Glycodelin as a Serum and Tissue Biomarker for Metastatic and Advanced NSCLC. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E486. [PMID: 30518088 PMCID: PMC6315759 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A major part of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with mono- or multimodal concept develop therapy resistance. Despite the abundance of biomarkers investigated in the past, there is still a need for valid NSCLC biomarkers. Glycodelin, an immunosuppressive endometrial protein, has been shown to be also expressed in NSCLC. Here, we investigated its potential as a biomarker in metastatic and advanced stage NSCLC. Glycodelin gene and protein expression were measured in 28 therapy-naïve resected tumors as well as in corresponding brain (n = 16) and adrenal gland (n = 12) metastasis by qPCR and IHC. Moreover, we correlated glycodelin gene expression of cryoconserved therapy-naïve biopsies (n = 55) of advanced stage patients with glycodelin serum concentrations and patient survival. Using follow-up samples of the patients, we monitored glycodelin serum concentrations during therapy. Glycodelin expression correlated between primary tumor and distant metastases within the same patients. The gene expression of glycodelin in therapy-naïve biopsies also correlated with the serum concentrations of the patients (r = 0.60). Patients with elevated serum concentrations showed a tendency in lower overall survival (p = 0.088) and measuring of glycodelin indicated a progression of the disease earlier compared to clinical diagnostic. Taken together, we demonstrate that glycodelin is a promising prognostic and follow-up biomarker for metastatic and advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Schneider
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Rebecca Weber
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sabine Wessels
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Thomas
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Felix J F Herth
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Nicolas C Kahn
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ralf Eberhardt
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Hauke Winter
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Surgery, Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Gudula Heussel
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Arne Warth
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Meister
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Lai J, Wang Y, Wu SS, Ding D, Sun ZY, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Zhou Z, Xu YC, Pan LQ, Chen SQ. Elimination of melanoma by sortase A-generated TCR-like antibody-drug conjugates (TL-ADCs) targeting intracellular melanoma antigen MART-1. Biomaterials 2018; 178:158-169. [PMID: 29933102 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Most tumor-associated proteins are located inside tumor cells and thus are not accessible to current marketed therapeutic monoclonal antibodies or their cytotoxic conjugates. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I can present peptides derived from intracellular tumor-associated proteins and somatically mutated proteins on the cell's surface, forming an HLA/peptide complex as tumor-specific antigens for T cell receptor (TCR) recognition. Therefore, HLA-mediated presentation of intracellular tumor antigen peptides provides a viable way to distinguish tumor cells from normal cells, which is important for broadening antigen selection, especially for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) regarding their highly cytotoxic payload. We applied sortase A-mediated conjugation to develop TCR-like ADCs (i.e., EA1 HL-vcMMAE) targeting intracellular MART-1 protein, a melanocyte-differentiating antigen specific for metastatic melanomas, via the cell surface HLA-A2/MART-126-35 peptide complex. Homogenous EA1 HL-vcMMAE (drug to antibody ratio of 4) efficiently eliminated melanoma cells in xenograft mouse models with no obvious toxicity at the therapeutic dosage. Trametinib, an MEK inhibitor serving as an HLA expression enhancing agent, augmented the TL-ADCs' efficacy both in vitro and in vivo by upregulating MART-126-35 peptide presentation, thus providing a strategy for overcoming the limitation of antigen presentation level for TL-ADCs. Hence, our findings validate the strategy of using sortase A-generated TL-ADCs to target tumor-specific intracellular proteins, with or without agents present, to increase presenting TCR epitope peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lai
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Noeantigen Therapeutics (HangZhou) Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ze-Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infection Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhan Zhou
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ying-Chun Xu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Li-Qiang Pan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Shu-Qing Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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11
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Cui J, Liu Y, Wang X. The Roles of Glycodelin in Cancer Development and Progression. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1685. [PMID: 29238349 PMCID: PMC5712544 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycodelin is a kind of glycoprotein expressed in secretory endometrium, pregnancy deciduas, and amniotic fluid originally, which is vital for the maintenance of normal human reproductive activities. Recent researches have reported that glycodelin is specifically expressed in various malignancies, including female-specific cancers such as endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer and breast cancer, and non-gender specific cancers including lung cancer, and colon cancer, and glycodelin expression correlates with the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients. This review focuses on the expression of glycodelin in different cancers and its role in cancer development and progression. Glycodelin possesses the abilities to regulate cancer cell proliferation, differentiation, and invasion, promote cancer angiogenesis, and modulate the differentiation and function of immune cells including T cells, dendritic cells, monocyte-macrophages, natural killer cells and B cells participating in cancer development. The expression of glycodelin can be regulated by stromal cells, lysophosphatidic acid, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and relaxin. In summary, glycodelin is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients, and depending on its distinct immunoregulatory effects, glycodelin can be a prospective target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cui
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanguo Liu
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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12
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Schneider MA, Granzow M, Warth A, Schnabel PA, Thomas M, Herth FJF, Dienemann H, Muley T, Meister M. Glycodelin: A New Biomarker with Immunomodulatory Functions in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:3529-40. [PMID: 25901080 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In recent years, immune therapeutic strategies against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on tissue-derived biomarkers, for example PD1/PD-L1 (CD274), have evolved as novel and promising treatment options. However, the crosstalk between tumor and immune cells is poorly understood. Glycodelin (gene name PAEP), initially described in the context of pregnancy and trophoblastic implantation, is a secreted immunosuppressive glycoprotein with an as-of-yet largely unknown function in lung cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this study, we characterized the expression and role of glycodelin in NSCLC through mRNA and protein expression analyses, functional knockdown experiments, and correlations with clinicopathologic parameters. RESULTS Glycodelin mRNA expression was significantly elevated in tumors (n = 336) compared with matched normal tissue (P < 0.0001). Overall survival (OS) was significantly reduced in NSCLC with high glycodelin mRNA levels in women but not in men. Glycodelin was detected in the sera of patients, and the levels correlated with recurrence and metastatic disease. Knockdown of glycodelin with siRNAs in NSCLC cell lines resulted in significant upregulation of immune system modulatory factors such as PDL1, CXCL5, CXCL16, MICA/B, and CD83 as well as proliferation stimulators EDN1 and HBEGF. Furthermore, decreased migration of tumor cells was observed. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, the comprehensive characterization of glycodelin in NSCLC provides strong support for its use as a biomarker with immune modulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Schneider
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Granzow
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arne Warth
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany. Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp A Schnabel
- Institut für Allgemeine und Spezielle Pathologie, University of the Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Michael Thomas
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany. Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix J F Herth
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany. Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Dienemann
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany. Department of Surgery, Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Meister
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.
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13
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Ren S, Chai L, Wang C, Li C, Ren Q, Yang L, Wang F, Qiao Z, Li W, He M, Riker AI, Han Y, Yu Q. Human malignant melanoma-derived progestagen-associated endometrial protein immunosuppresses T lymphocytes in vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119038. [PMID: 25785839 PMCID: PMC4364885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Progestagen-associated endometrial protein (PAEP) is a glycoprotein of the lipocalin family that acts as a negative regulator of T cell receptor-mediated activation. However, the function of tumor-derived PAEP on the human immune system in the tumor microenvironment is unknown. PAEP is highly expressed in intermediate and thick primary melanomas (Breslow’s 2.5mm or greater) and metastatic melanomas, correlating with its expression in daughter cell lines established in vitro. The current study investigates the role of melanoma cell-secreted PAEP protein in regulating T cell function. Upon the enrichment of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, each subset was then mixed with either melanoma-derived PAEP protein or PAEP-poor supernatant of gene-silenced tumor cells. IL-2 and IFN-γ secretion of CD4+ T cells significantly decreased with the addition of PAEP-rich supernatant. And the addition of PAEP-positive cell supernatant to activated lymphocytes significantly inhibited lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxic T cell activity, while increasing lymphocyte apoptosis. Our result suggests that melanoma cell-secreted PAEP protein immunosuppresses the activation, proliferation and cytotoxicity of T lymphocytes, which might partially explain the mechanism of immune tolerance induced by melanoma cells within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Ren
- Department of Immunohematology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (SR); (QY)
| | - Lina Chai
- Department of Immunohematology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Immunohematology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of poisoning treatment, Beijing 307 hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Changlan Li
- Department of Immunohematology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiquan Ren
- People’s Hospital of Anqiu City, Anqiu, Shandong, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- People’s Hospital of Anqiu City, Anqiu, Shandong, China
| | - Fumei Wang
- People’s Hospital of Anqiu City, Anqiu, Shandong, China
| | - Zhixin Qiao
- Department of Immunohematology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weijing Li
- Department of Immunohematology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Immunohematology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Adam I. Riker
- Advocate Christ Medical Center, Advocate Cancer Institute, Oak Lawn, IL, United States of America
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Immunohematology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Yu
- Department of Immunohematology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (SR); (QY)
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14
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Chai L, Qiao Z, Wang J, Liu M, Wang Y, Wang X, He M, Li W, Yu Q, Han Y, Ren S. Optimization and establishment of RNA interference-mediated knockdown of the progestagen-associated endometrial protein gene in human metastatic melanoma cell lines. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1390-6. [PMID: 24042729 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Progestagen‑associated endometrial protein (PAEP), also termed glycodelin, is a 28‑kDa glycoprotein of the lipocalin superfamily that is expressed in a variety of tumors, including gynecological tumors, lung cancer and melanoma. To determine the biological functions of the PAEP gene in tumor development and progression, the production of transient and stable PAEP knockdown cell models is required. In the present study, RNA interference technology was used to silence PAEP gene expression in melanoma and transfection was screened for and the conditions were optimized using fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, qPCR and western blot analysis. The results of the present study showed that the transient transfection of melanoma cells with 100 nmol/l PAEP siRNA or lentiviral PAEP small hairpin RNA (shRNA) [multiplicity of infection (MOI), 100 pfu/cell] efficiently knocked down target gene expression. To establish stable PAEP knockdown cell lines, melanoma cells were infected with a low MOI (10 pfu/cell) of lentiviral particles expressing PAEP shRNA. Following puromycin screening, the PAEP gene knockdown efficiency was demonstrated to be >80% in 624‑Mel and 624.38‑Mel cell lines, which was validated by western blot analysis. Therefore, melanoma cell lines with stable knockdown of PAEP were successfully established and may be used as effective cell models to study the biological functions of the PAEP gene in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Chai
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
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15
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Scholz C, Heublein S, Lenhard M, Friese K, Mayr D, Jeschke U. Glycodelin A is a prognostic marker to predict poor outcome in advanced stage ovarian cancer patients. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:551. [PMID: 23036050 PMCID: PMC3599868 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycodelin is a cell surface glycoprotein offering a unique gender specific carbohydrate configuration. Sialylated carbohydrate structures, which are unusual for mammals, characterize Glycodelin isolated from amniotic fluid (Glycodelin A, GdA). Glycodelin in general exerts multiple, partly opposing functions ranging from immunosuppression to cell differentiation. As these markedly influence tumorigenesis, this study aimed to clarify whether expression of different Glycodelin isoforms is related to clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. Further the use of Glycodelin as a serum marker in benign and malignant ovarian diseases was evaluated. METHODS Ovarian cancer specimens (n = 152) were stained for Glycodelin with carbohydrate and peptide specific antibodies. Associations between Glycodelin expression and histological grading, FIGO stage as well as patient's prognosis were examined. Glycodelin was correlated to expression of gonadotropin receptors and mucin-1, which are discussed as ovarian cancer tissue markers. In addition, Glycodelin serum concentrations were analyzed in patients suffering from benign (n = 73) or malignant (n = 38) ovarian neoplasias. RESULTS Glycodelin A was found to be an independent prognostic marker for poor prognosis in advanced ovarian cancer patients. GdA staining correlated with gonadotropin receptor (FSHR and LHCGR) and with hCG expression. Gd expression showed a positive correlation with a tumour-associated epitope of mucin 1 (TA-MUC1). Further, compared to ovarian cancer, serum Gd was increased in patients with benign ovarian tumors. CONCLUSION Glycodelin A might be related to tumor aggressiveness and poor clinical outcome in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Glycodelin serum levels found in patients suffering from benign ovarian tumors, might contribute to a more global attenuation during progression of these precursor lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Scholz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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16
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Ren S, Howell PM, Han Y, Wang J, Liu M, Wang Y, Quan G, Du W, Fang L, Riker AI. Overexpression of the progestagen-associated endometrial protein gene is associated with microphthalmia-associated transcription factor in human melanoma. Ochsner J 2011; 11:212-219. [PMID: 21960753 PMCID: PMC3179191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported that the progestagen-associated endometrial protein (PAEP) gene is overexpressed and promotes tumor proliferation and metastasis in human melanoma. METHODS To identify the molecules that regulate its expression and oncogenic properties, we analyzed the gene microarray profiling of melanoma samples of serial clinical stage. RESULTS We found that the expression profile of the PAEP gene parallels that of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF, r = 0.86), a master regulator of melanocyte development and melanoma progression. This parallelism was further confirmed with semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis of melanoma-derived daughter cells. Transfection of melanoma cells with MITF small interfering RNA (siRNA) specifically diminishes PAEP gene expression, whereas PAEP siRNA transfection has no effect on MITF. Furthermore, knockdown of either the MITF or PAEP gene reveals a significant inhibition of tumor cell migration. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that PAEP expression is regulated in part by MITF and may thus play a role in MITF-mediated cell migration in human melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Ren
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Paul M. Howell
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiexi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Minxia Liu
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guobo Quan
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Du
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Adam I. Riker
- Department of Surgery, Ochsner Cancer Institute, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA
- Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
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17
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Glycodelin expression associates with differential tumour phenotype and outcome in sporadic and familial non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 128:85-95. [PMID: 20676758 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-1065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Glycodelin (encoded by PAEP gene) is a secreted lipocalin protein mainly expressed in reproductive tissues, but also in several tumour types. In the breast, glycodelin is expressed both in normal epithelial and cancerous tissue. To investigate the association of glycodelin with clinicopathological features of breast cancer and outcome of patients we evaluated the protein expression of glycodelin in a large series of breast tumours. Immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays was used to study glycodelin expression on 399 sporadic and 436 familial non-BRCA1/2 tumours with strong family history. Gene expression analysis was used to define genes co-expressed with PAEP in sporadic and familial non-BRCA1/2 breast tumours. In the sporadic series, the glycodelin expression associated with low proliferation rate (P < 0.001), with a tendency towards well-differentiated tumours (grades 1 and 2, P = 0.012) and high cyclin D1 (P = 0.034) expression. However, in familial non-BRCA1/2 cases with strong family history glycodelin expression associated with a less favourable phenotype, i.e. positive lymph node status (P = 0.003) and HER2-positive tumours (P = 0.009). Moreover, the patients with glycodelin-positive tumours had an increased risk for distant metastases (P = 0.001) and in multivariate analysis glycodelin expression was an independent predictor of metastasis (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.22, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.22-4.03, P = 0.009) in familial non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer. Gene expression analysis further revealed different gene expression profiles correlating with the PAEP expression in the sporadic and familial non-BRCA1/2 breast cancers. Our findings suggest differential progression pathways in the sporadic and familial non-BRCA1/2 breast tumours expressing glycodelin.
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