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Hobai IA. MECHANISMS OF CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION IN SEPSIS. Shock 2023; 59:515-539. [PMID: 36155956 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Studies in animal models of sepsis have elucidated an intricate network of signaling pathways that lead to the dysregulation of myocardial Ca 2+ handling and subsequently to a decrease in cardiac contractile force, in a sex- and model-dependent manner. After challenge with a lethal dose of LPS, male animals show a decrease in cellular Ca 2+ transients (ΔCa i ), with intact myofilament function, whereas female animals show myofilament dysfunction, with intact ΔCa i . Male mice challenged with a low, nonlethal dose of LPS also develop myofilament desensitization, with intact ΔCa i . In the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model, the causative mechanisms seem similar to those in the LPS model in male mice and are unknown in female subjects. ΔCa i decrease in male mice is primarily due to redox-dependent inhibition of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATP-ase (SERCA). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are overproduced by dysregulated mitochondria and the enzymes NADPH/NADH oxidase, cyclooxygenase, and xanthine oxidase. In addition to inhibiting SERCA, ROS amplify cardiomyocyte cytokine production and mitochondrial dysfunction, making the process self-propagating. In contrast, female animals may exhibit a natural redox resilience. Myofilament dysfunction is due to hyperphosphorylation of troponin I, troponin T cleavage by caspase-3, and overproduction of cGMP by NO-activated soluble guanylate cyclase. Depleted, dysfunctional, or uncoupled mitochondria likely synthesize less ATP in both sexes, but the role of energy deficit is not clear. NO produced by NO synthase (NOS)-3 and mitochondrial NOSs, protein kinases and phosphatases, the processes of autophagy and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum stress, and β-adrenergic insensitivity may also play currently uncertain roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion A Hobai
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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2
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Hobai IA. CARDIOMYOCYTE REPROGRAMMING IN ANIMAL MODELS OF SEPTIC SHOCK. Shock 2023; 59:200-213. [PMID: 36730767 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cardiomyocyte reprogramming plays a pivotal role in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy through the induction or overexpression of several factors and enzymes, ultimately leading to the characteristic decrease in cardiac contractility. The initial trigger is the binding of LPS to TLR-2, -3, -4, and -9 and of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF, IL-1, and IL-6, to their respective receptors. This induces the nuclear translocation of nuclear factors, such as NF-κB, via activation of MyD88, TRIF, IRAK, and MAPKs. Among the latter, ROS- and estrogen-dependent p38 and ERK 1/2 are proinflammatory, whereas JNK may play antagonistic, anti-inflammatory roles. Nuclear factors induce the synthesis of cytokines, which can amplify the inflammatory signal in a paracrine fashion, and of several effector enzymes, such as NOS-2, NOX-1, and others, which are ultimately responsible for the degradation of cardiomyocyte contractility. In parallel, the downregulation of enzymes involved in oxidative phosphorylation causes metabolic reprogramming, followed by a decrease in ATP production and the release of fragmented mitochondrial DNA, which may augment the process in a positive feedback loop. Other mediators, such as NO, ROS, the enzymes PI3K and Akt, and adrenergic stimulation may play regulatory roles, but not all signaling pathways that mediate cardiac dysfunction of sepsis do that by regulating reprogramming. Transcription may be globally modulated by miRs, which exert protective or amplifying effects. For all these mechanisms, differentiating between modulation of cardiomyocyte reprogramming versus systemic inflammation has been an ongoing but worthwhile experimental challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion A Hobai
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 444, Boston, MA
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3
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Shi H, Li S, Geng Y, Fan H, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Pan J, Song G, Ge L, Xie T, Wang L. Euphorbia factor L3 ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis by suppressing the inflammatory response by targeting Rac family small GTPase 1. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10984-10997. [PMID: 35475473 PMCID: PMC9208460 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2066761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Euphorbia factor L3 (EFL3) is extracted from Euphorbia lathyris and is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. This study focused on the potential anti-inflammatory and therapeutic effects of EFL3 on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and arthritis animal models. Functional analysis showed that EFL3 could ameliorate the inflammatory phenotype of FLSs derived from RA patients, as evidenced by the decreases in cell viability, migration, invasion and cytokine production. Luciferase activity, Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays demonstrated that EFL3 inhibited the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit and the subsequent activation of the nuclear factor kappa-Β (NF-κB) pathway. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects of EFL3 against arthritic progression were evidenced by decreases in joint swelling, arthritis scores, inflammatory factor production, synovial hyperplasia, and bone destruction in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) transgenic (TNF-tg) mouse models. Molecular analysis identified Rac family small GTPase 1 (Rac1) as the potential target that was required for EFL3-mediated suppression of the inflammatory RA FLS phenotype. In summary, this study uncovered the therapeutic potential of EFL3 in RA, which suggests its future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Shi
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shufeng Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Geng
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huancai Fan
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, NHC Key Laboratory of biotechnology drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ruojia Zhang
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, NHC Key Laboratory of biotechnology drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuang Zhang
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, NHC Key Laboratory of biotechnology drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jihong Pan
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, NHC Key Laboratory of biotechnology drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guanhua Song
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Luna Ge
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, NHC Key Laboratory of biotechnology drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tianhua Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Provincial Hospital), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, NHC Key Laboratory of biotechnology drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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4
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Inhibition of GTPase Rac1 expression by vitamin D mitigates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2021; 37:100922. [PMID: 34917751 PMCID: PMC8645456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2021.100922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Rho-Proteins and Downstream Pathways as Potential Targets in Sepsis and Septic Shock: What Have We Learned from Basic Research. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081844. [PMID: 34440613 PMCID: PMC8391638 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock are associated with acute and sustained impairment in the function of the cardiovascular system, kidneys, lungs, liver, and brain, among others. Despite the significant advances in prevention and treatment, sepsis and septic shock sepsis remain global health problems with elevated mortality rates. Rho proteins can interact with a considerable number of targets, directly affecting cellular contractility, actin filament assembly and growing, cell motility and migration, cytoskeleton rearrangement, and actin polymerization, physiological functions that are intensively impaired during inflammatory conditions, such as the one that occurs in sepsis. In the last few decades, Rho proteins and their downstream pathways have been investigated in sepsis-associated experimental models. The most frequently used experimental design included the exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in both in vitro and in vivo approaches, but experiments using the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis have also been performed. The findings described in this review indicate that Rho proteins, mainly RhoA and Rac1, are associated with the development of crucial sepsis-associated dysfunction in different systems and cells, including the endothelium, vessels, and heart. Notably, the data found in the literature suggest that either the inhibition or activation of Rho proteins and associated pathways might be desirable in sepsis and septic shock, accordingly with the cellular system evaluated. This review included the main findings, relevance, and limitations of the current knowledge connecting Rho proteins and sepsis-associated experimental models.
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Pan C, Si Y, Meng Q, Jing L, Chen L, Zhang Y, Bao H. Suppression of the RAC1/MLK3/p38 Signaling Pathway by β-Elemene Alleviates Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy in Mice. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:358. [PMID: 31068775 PMCID: PMC6491839 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
It is still difficult to treat sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) which is a diffuse brain dysfunction caused by sepsis, with excessive activation of microglia as one of the main mechanisms. Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) is proven to be a key molecule in the inflammatory signaling network. By using microglial cell line BV-2 and a mouse model of cecal ligation puncture (CLP), we herein evaluated the effects of β-elemene, an extract of Curcuma zedoaria Rosc., on RAC1 signaling in microglia. β-Elemene decreased the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6] and attenuated translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 from the cytosol to the nucleus in BV-2 cells after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. It also inhibited the activation of RAC1, mixed-lineage protein kinase 3 (MLK3) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The phosphorylation of the RAC1 Ser71 site was increased by β-elemene. Moreover, the learning and memory abilities of CLP mice in the water maze test and fear conditioning test were improved after β-elemene treatment. It reduced the expression of the microglial marker IBA1, significantly increased RAC1 Ser71 phosphorylation, and suppressed the RAC1/MLK3/p38 signaling activation and inflammatory response in the hippocampus. In conclusion, β-elemene effectively alleviated SAE in mice and inhibited the RAC1/MLK3/p38 signaling pathway in microglia, and might be an eligible potential candidate for SAE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailong Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanna Si
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinghai Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Jing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongguang Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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7
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Hepatic Rac1 GTPase contributes to liver-mediated basal immune homeostasis and LPS-induced endotoxemia. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1277-1292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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8
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Zhang L, Lu X, Gui L, Wu Y, Sims SM, Wang G, Feng Q. Inhibition of Rac1 reduces store overload-induced calcium release and protects against ventricular arrhythmia. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1513-22. [PMID: 27222313 PMCID: PMC4956946 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rac1 is a small GTPase and plays key roles in multiple cellular processes including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, whether Rac1 activation during myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) contributes to arrhythmogenesis is not fully understood. We aimed to study the effects of Rac1 inhibition on store overload‐induced Ca2+ release (SOICR) and ventricular arrhythmia during myocardial I/R. Adult Rac1f/f and cardiac‐specific Rac1 knockdown (Rac1ckd) mice were subjected to myocardial I/R and their electrocardiograms (ECGs) were monitored for ventricular arrhythmia. Myocardial Rac1 activity was increased and ventricular arrhythmia was induced during I/R in Rac1f/f mice. Remarkably, I/R‐induced ventricular arrhythmia was significantly decreased in Rac1ckd compared to Rac1f/f mice. Furthermore, treatment with Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 decreased I/R‐induced ventricular arrhythmia. Ca2+ imaging analysis showed that in response to a 6 mM external Ca2+ concentration challenge, SOICR was induced with characteristic spontaneous intracellular Ca2+ waves in Rac1f/f cardiomyocytes. Notably, SOICR was diminished by pharmacological and genetic inhibition of Rac1 in adult cardiomyocytes. Moreover, I/R‐induced ROS production and ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) oxidation were significantly inhibited in the myocardium of Rac1ckd mice. We conclude that Rac1 activation induces ventricular arrhythmia during myocardial I/R. Inhibition of Rac1 suppresses SOICR and protects against ventricular arrhythmia. Blockade of Rac1 activation may represent a new paradigm for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia in ischaemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Xiangru Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Le Gui
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Nantong University Medical School, Nantong, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Stephen M Sims
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Guoping Wang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingping Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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9
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Zheng B, Ye L, Zhou Y, Zhu S, Wang Q, Shi H, Chen D, Wei X, Wang Z, Li X, Xiao J, Xu H, Zhang H. Epidermal growth factor attenuates blood-spinal cord barrier disruption via PI3K/Akt/Rac1 pathway after acute spinal cord injury. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1062-75. [PMID: 26769343 PMCID: PMC4882989 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), disruption of blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB) elicits blood cell infiltration such as neutrophils and macrophages, contributing to permanent neurological disability. Previous studies show that epidermal growth factor (EGF) produces potent neuroprotective effects in SCI models. However, little is known that whether EGF contributes to the integrity of BSCB. The present study is performed to explore the mechanism of BSCB permeability changes which are induced by EGF treatment after SCI in rats. In this study, we demonstrate that EGF administration inhibits the disruption of BSCB permeability and improves the locomotor activity in SCI model rats. Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathways by a specific inhibitor, LY294002, suppresses EGF‐induced Rac1 activation as well as tight junction (TJ) and adherens junction (AJ) expression. Furthermore, the protective effect of EGF on BSCB is related to the activation of Rac1 both in vivo and in vitro. Blockade of Rac1 activation with Rac1 siRNA downregulates EGF‐induced TJ and AJ proteins expression in endothelial cells. Taken together, our results indicate that EGF treatment preserves BSCB integrity and improves functional recovery after SCI via PI3K‐Akt‐Rac1 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Libing Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yulong Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sipin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongxue Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daqing Chen
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojie Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cixi People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhouguang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huazi Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Xiang FL, Liu Y, Lu X, Jones DL, Feng Q. Cardiac-Specific Overexpression of Human Stem Cell Factor Promotes Epicardial Activation and Arteriogenesis After Myocardial Infarction. Circ Heart Fail 2014; 7:831-42. [DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.114.001423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background—
The adult epicardium is a potential source of cardiac progenitors after myocardial infarction (MI). We tested the hypothesis that cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of membrane-associated human stem cell factor (hSCF) enhances epicardial activation, epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs) production, and myocardial arteriogenesis post MI.
Methods and Results—
Wild-type and the inducible cardiac-specific hSCF transgenic (hSCF/tetracycline transactivator) mice were subjected to MI. Wilms tumor-1 (Wt1)–positive epicardial cells were higher in hSCF/tetracycline transactivator compared with wild-type mice 3 days post MI. Arteriole density was significantly higher in the peri-infarct area of hSCF/tetracycline transactivator mice compared with wild-type mice 5 days post MI. In cultured EPDCs, adenoviral hSCF treatment significantly increased cell proliferation and growth factor expression. Furthermore, adenoviral hSCF treatment in wild-type cardiomyocytes significantly increased EPDC migration. These effects of hSCF overexpression on EPDC proliferation and growth factor expression were all abrogated by ACK2, a neutralizing antibody against
c-kit
. Finally, lineage tracing using ROSA
mTmG
;Wt1
CreER
mice showed that adenoviral hSCF treatment increased Wt1
+
lineage–derived EPDC migration into the infarcted myocardium 5 days post MI, which was inhibited by ACK2.
Conclusions—
Cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of hSCF promotes epicardial activation and myocardial arteriogenesis post MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Li Xiang
- From the Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (F.-L.X., Y.L., X.L., D.L.J., Q.F.) and Medicine (D.L.J., Q.F.), and Lawson Health Research Institute (D.L.J., Q.F.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yin Liu
- From the Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (F.-L.X., Y.L., X.L., D.L.J., Q.F.) and Medicine (D.L.J., Q.F.), and Lawson Health Research Institute (D.L.J., Q.F.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiangru Lu
- From the Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (F.-L.X., Y.L., X.L., D.L.J., Q.F.) and Medicine (D.L.J., Q.F.), and Lawson Health Research Institute (D.L.J., Q.F.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas L. Jones
- From the Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (F.-L.X., Y.L., X.L., D.L.J., Q.F.) and Medicine (D.L.J., Q.F.), and Lawson Health Research Institute (D.L.J., Q.F.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qingping Feng
- From the Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (F.-L.X., Y.L., X.L., D.L.J., Q.F.) and Medicine (D.L.J., Q.F.), and Lawson Health Research Institute (D.L.J., Q.F.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Propofol inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression and myocardial depression through decreasing the generation of superoxide anion in cardiomyocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:157376. [PMID: 25180066 PMCID: PMC4144395 DOI: 10.1155/2014/157376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
TNF-α has been shown to be a major factor responsible for myocardial depression in sepsis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an anesthetic, propofol, on TNF-α expression in cardiomyocytes treated with LPS both in vivo and in vitro. In cultured cardiomyocytes, compared with control group, propofol significantly reduced protein expression of gp91phox and phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 MAPK, which associates with reduced TNF-α production. In in vivo mice studies, propofol significantly improved myocardial depression and increased survival rate of mice after LPS treatment or during endotoxemia, which associates with reduced myocardial TNF-α production, gp91phox, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK. It is concluded that propofol abrogates LPS-induced TNF-α production and alleviates cardiac depression through gp91phox/ERK1/2 or p38 MAPK signal pathway. These findings have great clinical importance in the application of propofol for patients enduring sepsis.
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Recombinant human annexin A5 inhibits proinflammatory response and improves cardiac function and survival in mice with endotoxemia. Crit Care Med 2014; 42:e32-41. [PMID: 24145837 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e3182a63e01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Annexin A5 is a 35-kDa protein with high affinity binding to negatively charged phospholipids. However, its effects on sepsis are not known. Our aim was to study the effects of annexin A5 on myocardial tumor necrosis factor-α expression, cardiac function, and animal survival in endotoxemia. DESIGN Prospective experimental study. SETTING University laboratory. SUBJECTS Adult male C57BL/6 mice. INTERVENTIONS Mice were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (4 or 20 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce endotoxemia with and without recombinant human annexin A5 treatment (5 or 10 μg/kg, i.v.). Cytokine expression and cardiac function were assessed, and animal survival was monitored. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Treatment with annexin A5 inhibited myocardial mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor-κB activation in mice with endotoxemia. Furthermore, annexin A5-treated animals showed significant reductions in myocardial and plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β while cardiac function was significantly improved during endotoxemia. Additionally, 5-day animal survival was significantly improved by either an immediate or a 4-hour delayed annexin A5 treatment after lipopolysaccharide challenge. Importantly, annexin A5 dose-dependently inhibited lipopolysaccharide binding to a toll-like receptor-4/myeloid differentiation factor 2 fusion protein. CONCLUSIONS Annexin A5 treatment decreases cytokine expression and improves cardiac function and survival during endotoxemia. These effects of annexin A5 are mediated by its ability to inhibit lipopolysaccharide binding to toll-like receptor-4, leading to reductions in mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt signaling. Our study suggests that annexin A5 may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of sepsis.
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Elnakish MT, Hassanain HH, Janssen PM, Angelos MG, Khan M. Emerging role of oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases: important role of Rac/NADPH oxidase. J Pathol 2013; 231:290-300. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T Elnakish
- Dorothy M Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology; Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
| | - Hamdy H Hassanain
- Department of Anesthesiology; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
| | - Paul M Janssen
- Dorothy M Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology; Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
| | - Mark G Angelos
- Dorothy M Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
| | - Mahmood Khan
- Dorothy M Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
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Inhibition of Na/K-ATPase promotes myocardial tumor necrosis factor-alpha protein expression and cardiac dysfunction via calcium/mTOR signaling in endotoxemia. Basic Res Cardiol 2012; 107:254. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-012-0254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zhang T, Lu X, Arnold P, Liu Y, Baliga R, Huang H, Bauer JA, Liu Y, Feng Q. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 inhibits myocardial TNF-α expression and improves cardiac function during endotoxemia. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 93:471-9. [PMID: 22198506 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Myocardial tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression induces cardiac dysfunction in endotoxemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP1) pathway in myocardial TNF-α expression and cardiac function during endotoxemia. METHODS AND RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased MKP1 expression in the myocardium in vivo and in cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes in vitro. LPS-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and p38 phosphorylation in the myocardium was prolonged in MKP1(-/-) mice. Myocardial TNF-α mRNA and protein levels were enhanced in MKP1(-/-) compared with wild-type (WT) mice in endotoxemia, leading to a further decrease in cardiac function. To study if Rac1/p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) signalling regulates MKP1 expression, cardiomyocytes were treated with LPS. Inhibition of Rac1 and PAK1 by a dominant negative Rac1 adenovirus (Ad-Rac1N17) and PAK1 siRNA, respectively, blocked LPS-induced MKP1 expression in cardiomyocytes. PAK1 siRNA also decreased p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, and TNF-α expression induced by LPS. Furthermore, deficiency in either Rac1 or JNK1 decreased myocardial MKP1 expression in endotoxemic mice. CONCLUSION LPS activates the Rac1/PAK1 pathway, which increases myocardial MKP1 expression via JNK1. MKP1 attenuates ERK1/2 and p38 activation, inhibits myocardial TNF-α expression, and improves cardiac function in endotoxemia. Thus, MKP1 represents an important negative feedback mechanism limiting pro-inflammatory response in the heart during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
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Wang G, Yan Q, Woods A, Aubrey LA, Feng Q, Beier F. Inducible nitric oxide synthase-nitric oxide signaling mediates the mitogenic activity of Rac1 during endochondral bone growth. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:3405-13. [PMID: 21965529 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.076026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordinated proliferation and differentiation of growth plate chondrocytes controls endochondral bone growth and final height in humans, and disruption of this process results in diseases of the growing and adult skeleton, such as chondrodysplasias or osteoarthritis. We had shown recently that chondrocyte-specific deletion of the gene Rac1 in mice leads to severe dwarfism due to reduced chondrocyte proliferation, but the molecular pathways involved remained unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Rac1-deficient chondrocytes have severely reduced levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and nitric oxide (NO) production. NO donors reversed the proliferative effects induced by Rac1 deficiency, whereas inhibition of NO production mimicked the effects of Rac1 loss of function. Examination of the growth plate of iNOS-deficient mice revealed reduced chondrocyte proliferation and expression of cyclin D1, resembling the phenotype of Rac1-deficient growth plates. Finally, we demonstrate that Rac1-NO signaling inhibits the expression of ATF3, a known suppressor of cyclin D1 expression in chondrocytes. In conclusion, our studies identify the iNOS-NO pathway as a novel mediator of mitogenic Rac1 signaling and indicate that it could be a target for growth disorder therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
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