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Abstract
As a widespread chronical disease, periodontitis progressively destroys tooth-supporting structures (periodontium) and eventually leads to tooth loss. Therefore, regeneration of damaged/lost periodontal tissues has been a major subject in periodontal research. During periodontal tissue regeneration, biomaterials play pivotal roles in improving the outcome of the periodontal therapy. With the advancement of biomaterial science and engineering in recent years, new biomimetic materials and scaffolding fabrication technologies have been proposed for periodontal tissue regeneration. This article summarizes recent progress in periodontal tissue regeneration from a biomaterial perspective. First, various guide tissue regeneration/guide bone regeneration membranes and grafting biomaterials for periodontal tissue regeneration are overviewed. Next, the recent development of multifunctional scaffolding biomaterials for alveolar bone/periodontal ligament/cementum regeneration is summarized. Finally, clinical care points and perspectives on the use of biomimetic scaffolding materials to reconstruct the hierarchical periodontal tissues are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejia Deng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Yongxi Liang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
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Shaikh MS, Shahzad Z, Tash EA, Janjua OS, Khan MI, Zafar MS. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Current Literature and Role in Periodontal Regeneration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071168. [PMID: 35406732 PMCID: PMC8997495 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease can cause irreversible damage to tooth-supporting tissues such as the root cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, eventually leading to tooth loss. While standard periodontal treatments are usually helpful in reducing disease progression, they cannot repair or replace lost periodontal tissue. Periodontal regeneration has been demonstrated to be beneficial in treating intraosseous and furcation defects to varied degrees. Cell-based treatment for periodontal regeneration will become more efficient and predictable as tissue engineering and progenitor cell biology advance, surpassing the limitations of present therapeutic techniques. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the ability to self-renew and differentiate into several cell types when stimulated. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been tested for periodontal regeneration in vitro and in humans, with promising results. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) possess a great regenerative and therapeutic potential. Their added benefits comprise ease of collection, endless source of stem cells, less immunorejection, and affordability. Further, their collection does not include the concerns associated with human embryonic stem cells. The purpose of this review is to address the most recent findings about periodontal regenerative mechanisms, different stem cells accessible for periodontal regeneration, and UC-MSCs and their involvement in periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Shaikh
- Department of Oral Biology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi 75510, Pakistan;
| | - Zara Shahzad
- Lahore Medical and Dental College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 53400, Pakistan;
| | - Esraa Abdulgader Tash
- Department of Oral and Clinical Basic Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah 41311, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Omer Sefvan Janjua
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, PMC Dental Institute, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | | | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah 41311, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-507544691
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Lee KE, Kang CM, Jeon M, Kim SO, Lee JH, Choi HJ. General gene expression patterns and stemness of the gingiva and dental pulp. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:284-292. [PMID: 35028049 PMCID: PMC8739237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Due to the unique properties of healing processes and cellular differentiation, the gingiva and dental pulp have attracted attention as a potential source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The purpose of this study was to obtain molecular-level information on these tissues in terms of their function and differentiation processes and investigate stemness. Materials and methods Healthy gingival tissues were collected from patients (n = 9; aged 7–12 years) who underwent simple surgical procedures, and normal dental pulp tissues were obtained from patients (n = 25; aged 11–25 years) undergoing tooth extraction for orthodontic reasons. Complementary DNA microarray, qRT-qPCR, and immunohistochemical staining were performed to assess general and MSC gene expression patterns. Results In the gingival tissue, genes related to keratinization, the formation of epithelial cells and ectoderm, and immune and/or inflammatory responses were highly expressed. Meanwhile, in the dental pulp tissue, genes related to ion transport, neuronal development and axon guidance, bone and enamel mineralization, extracellular matrix organization, and angiogenesis were highly expressed. When focusing on the expression of MSC genes, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell genes, such as Sox2, c-Myc, and KLF4, were expressed at higher levels in the gingival tissue, whereas dental stem cell genes, such as NT5E and VCAM1, were expressed in dental pulp tissue. Conclusion We found different general and MSC gene expression patterns between the gingival and dental pulp tissue. These results have implications for future regenerative medicine, considering the application of gingival tissue as a potential source of iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Min Kang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijeong Jeon
- Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Oh Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Choi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lengert EV, Savkina AA, Ermakov AV, Saveleva MS, Lagutina DD, Stepanova TV, Ivanov AN. Influence of the new formulation based on silver alginate microcapsules loaded with tannic acid on the microcirculation of the experimental periodontitis in rats. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112144. [PMID: 34082955 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The microvascular changes caused by disorders of host immune response to oral microorganisms resulting in long-lasting inflammation of gums play a critical role in the periodontal lesion in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis. Current strategies of non-surgical periodontal therapy are aimed at the attainment of anti-inflammatory effects. We hypothesized that the usage of the microencapsulated form of anti-inflammatory substances with vasoactive effects could enhance the efficiency of the therapy by the prolonged release of active components. The prepared suspension of silver-alginate microcapsules loaded with tannic acid in the hydrogel was applied in vivo to the experimental model of periodontitis in rats induced by a ligature. The effect of this formulation was assessed by monitoring changes in local microcirculation performed by the Laser Doppler Flowmetry (1 and 24 h after application of hydrogel on intact gums and 21-days after the start of periodontitis' modeling). Application of the hydrogel containing multicomponent microcapsules to the affected area of gums allows correction of inflammatory microcirculatory disorders in model periodontitis. Immobilization of tannic acid into microcapsules allows increasing the correction of the following parameters: perfusion disorders, neurogenic tone of arterioles, myogenic tone of precapillary sphincters, as well as a venous outflow in the microvasculature of the gums. The hydrogel containing multicomponent microcapsules reduces the vascular inflammatory response in the model of periodontitis. Loading of silver-alginate microcapsules with tannic acid enhances the efficiency of microvascular disorders' correction in the model of periodontitis that suggests the prospects for application of this drug delivery system for non-surgical treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Lengert
- Central Research Laboratory, Saratov State Medical University of V. I. Razumovsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 410012 Saratov, Russia; Education and Research Institute of Nanostructures and Biosystems, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
| | - Angelina A Savkina
- Central Research Laboratory, Saratov State Medical University of V. I. Razumovsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexey V Ermakov
- Central Research Laboratory, Saratov State Medical University of V. I. Razumovsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 410012 Saratov, Russia; Institute for Molecular Medicine, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Mariia S Saveleva
- Central Research Laboratory, Saratov State Medical University of V. I. Razumovsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 410012 Saratov, Russia; Education and Research Institute of Nanostructures and Biosystems, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Daria D Lagutina
- Central Research Laboratory, Saratov State Medical University of V. I. Razumovsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Tatyana V Stepanova
- Central Research Laboratory, Saratov State Medical University of V. I. Razumovsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexey N Ivanov
- Central Research Laboratory, Saratov State Medical University of V. I. Razumovsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 410012 Saratov, Russia
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Wei Y, Deng Y, Ma S, Ran M, Jia Y, Meng J, Han F, Gou J, Yin T, He H, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Tang X. Local drug delivery systems as therapeutic strategies against periodontitis: A systematic review. J Control Release 2021; 333:269-282. [PMID: 33798664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of the soft tissue surrounding and supporting the teeth, which causes periodontal structural damage, alveolar bone resorption, and even tooth loss. Its prevalence is very high, with nearly 60% of the global population affected. Hence, periodontitis is an important public health concern, and the development of effective healing treatments for oral diseases is a major target of the health sciences. Currently, the application of local drug delivery systems (LDDS) as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planning (SRP) in periodontitis is a promising strategy, giving higher efficacy and fewer side effects by controlling drug release. The cornerstone of successful periodontitis therapy is to select an appropriate bioactive agent and route of administration. In this context, this review highlights applications of LDDS with different properties in the treatment of periodontitis with or without systemic diseases, in order to reveal existing challenges and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yaxin Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuting Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Meixin Ran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yannan Jia
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Neimenggu, China
| | - Jia Meng
- Liaoning Institute of Basic Medicine, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Fei Han
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jingxin Gou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Tian Yin
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Haibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanjiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
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Diana R, Ardhani R, Kristanti Y, Santosa P. Dental pulp stem cells response on the nanotopography of scaffold to regenerate dentin-pulp complex tissue. Regen Ther 2020; 15:243-250. [PMID: 33426225 PMCID: PMC7770425 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of regenerative dentistry receives a fast growing interest. The potential ability of the dentin-pulp complex to regenerate is both promising and perplexing. To answer the challenging nature of the dental environment, scientists have developed various combinations of biomaterial scaffolds, stem cells, and incorporation of several growth factors. One of the crucial elements of this tissue engineering plan is the selection and fabrication of scaffolds. However, further findings suggest that cell behavior hugely depends on mechanical signaling. Nanotopography modifies scaffolds to alter cell migration and differentiation. However, to the best of the author's knowledge, there are very few studies addressing the correlation between nanotopography and dentin-pulp complex regeneration. Therefore, this article presents a comprehensive review of these studies and suggests a direction for future developments, particularly in the incorporation of nanotopography design for dentin-pulp complex regeneration.
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Key Words
- BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- BMP, bone morphogenetic protein
- DPSC, dental pulp stem cell
- Dental pulp stem cell
- Dentin-pulp complex tissue
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- FGF2, fibroblast growth factor-2
- GDNF, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
- GO, graphene oxide
- GelMA, methacrylated gelatin
- IGF, insulin-like growth factor
- ION-CPC, iron oxide nanoparticle-incorporating calcium phosphate cement
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- NGF, nerve growth factor
- Nanotopography
- PCL, polycaprolactone
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PEGMA, poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate
- PGA, polyglycolic acid
- PHMS, polyhydroxymethylsiloxane
- PLGA, poly-dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid
- PLLA, poly-l-lactic acid
- RGO, reduced graphene oxide
- Regenerative dentistry
- SACP, stem cells from apical papilla
- SDF-1, stromal cell-derived factor-1
- SHED, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth
- Scaffold
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β
- TNF-α, t umour necrosis factor-alpha
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasda Diana
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl Denta Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Retno Ardhani
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl Denta Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
- Corresponding author. Fax: +62274 515307.
| | - Yulita Kristanti
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl Denta Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Pribadi Santosa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl Denta Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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Biomimetic Aspects of Oral and Dentofacial Regeneration. Biomimetics (Basel) 2020; 5:biomimetics5040051. [PMID: 33053903 PMCID: PMC7709662 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics5040051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic materials for hard and soft tissues have advanced in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in dentistry. To examine these recent advances, we searched Medline (OVID) with the key terms “biomimetics”, “biomaterials”, and “biomimicry” combined with MeSH terms for “dentistry” and limited the date of publication between 2010–2020. Over 500 articles were obtained under clinical trials, randomized clinical trials, metanalysis, and systematic reviews developed in the past 10 years in three major areas of dentistry: restorative, orofacial surgery, and periodontics. Clinical studies and systematic reviews along with hand-searched preclinical studies as potential therapies have been included. They support the proof-of-concept that novel treatments are in the pipeline towards ground-breaking clinical therapies for orofacial bone regeneration, tooth regeneration, repair of the oral mucosa, periodontal tissue engineering, and dental implants. Biomimicry enhances the clinical outcomes and calls for an interdisciplinary approach integrating medicine, bioengineering, biotechnology, and computational sciences to advance the current research to clinics. We conclude that dentistry has come a long way apropos of regenerative medicine; still, there are vast avenues to endeavour, seeking inspiration from other facets in biomedical research.
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Haugen HJ, Basu P, Sukul M, Mano JF, Reseland JE. Injectable Biomaterials for Dental Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3442. [PMID: 32414077 PMCID: PMC7279163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Injectable biomaterials scaffolds play a pivotal role for dental tissue regeneration, as such materials are highly applicable in the dental field, particularly when compared to pre-formed scaffolds. The defects in the maxilla-oral area are normally small, confined and sometimes hard to access. This narrative review describes different types of biomaterials for dental tissue regeneration, and also discusses the potential use of nanofibers for dental tissues. Various studies suggest that tissue engineering approaches involving the use of injectable biomaterials have the potential of restoring not only dental tissue function but also their biological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (P.B.); (M.S.); (J.E.R.)
| | - Poulami Basu
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (P.B.); (M.S.); (J.E.R.)
| | - Mousumi Sukul
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (P.B.); (M.S.); (J.E.R.)
| | - João F Mano
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Janne Elin Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (P.B.); (M.S.); (J.E.R.)
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Raju R, Oshima M, Inoue M, Morita T, Huijiao Y, Waskitho A, Baba O, Inoue M, Matsuka Y. Three-dimensional periodontal tissue regeneration using a bone-ligament complex cell sheet. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1656. [PMID: 32015383 PMCID: PMC6997427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal tissue is a distinctive tissue structure composed three-dimensionally of cementum, periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone. Severe periodontal diseases cause fundamental problems for oral function and general health, and conventional dental treatments are insufficient for healing to healthy periodontal tissue. Cell sheet technology has been used in many tissue regenerations, including periodontal tissue, to transplant appropriate stem/progenitor cells for tissue regeneration of a target site as a uniform tissue. However, it is still difficult to construct a three-dimensional structure of complex tissue composed of multiple types of cells, and the transplantation of a single cell sheet cannot sufficiently regenerate a large-scale tissue injury. Here, we fabricated a three-dimensional complex cell sheet composed of a bone-ligament structure by layering PDL cells and osteoblast-like cells on a temperature responsive culture dish. Following ectopic and orthotopic transplantation, only the complex cell sheet group was demonstrated to anatomically regenerate the bone-ligament structure along with the functional connection of PDL-like fibers to the tooth root and alveolar bone. This study represents successful three-dimensional tissue regeneration of a large-scale tissue injury using a bioengineered tissue designed to simulate the anatomical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resmi Raju
- Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Oshima
- Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Miho Inoue
- Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Morita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yan Huijiao
- Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Arief Waskitho
- Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Otto Baba
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masahisa Inoue
- Laboratories for Structure and Function Research, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8055, Japan
| | - Yoshizo Matsuka
- Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
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Jamali S, Mousavi E, Darvish M, Jabbari G, Nasrabadi N, Ahmadizadeh H. Dental Pulpal Tissue Regeneration, Pulpal Vitality Testing, and Healing of Apical Lesions Following Stem Cell Transplant: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2020.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
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Kuang Y, Hu B, Xia Y, Jiang D, Huang H, Song J. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes tissue regeneration in rat dental follicle cells in a porous ceramic scaffold. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e0045. [PMID: 31531560 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on the osteogenic differentiation of dental follicle cells (DFCs) in vitro and on the regenerative effects of DFC-OsteoBoneTM complexes in vivo. DFCs were isolated and characterized. In the in vitro study, DFCs were cultured in an osteogenic medium in the presence or absence of LIPUS. The expression levels of ALP, Runx2, OSX, and COL-I mRNA were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on day 7. Alizarin red staining was performed on day 21. The state of the growth of the DFCs that were seeded on the scaffold at 3, 5, 7, and 9 days was detected by using a scanning electron microscope. In our in vivo study, 9 healthy nude mice randomly underwent subcutaneous transplantation surgery in one of three groups: group A, empty scaffold; group B, DFCs + scaffold; and group C, DFCs + scaffold + LIPUS. After 8 weeks of implantation, a histological analysis was performed by HE and Mason staining. Our results indicate that LIPUS promotes the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs by increasing the expression of the ALP, Runx2, OSX, and COL-I genes and the formation of mineralized nodules. The cells can adhere and grow on the scaffolds and grow best at 9 days. The HE and Mason staining results showed that more cells, fibrous tissue and blood vessels could be observed in the DFCs + scaffold + LIPUS group than in the other groups. LIPUS could promote the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs in vitro and promote tissue regeneration in a DFCs-scaffold complex in vivo. Further studies should be conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms of LIPUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchun Kuang
- Chongqing Medical University, College of Stomatology, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Chongqing Medical University, College of Stomatology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinlan Xia
- Chongqing Medical University, College of Stomatology, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Chongqing Medical University, College of Stomatology, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Chongqing Medical University, College of Stomatology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- Chongqing Medical University, College of Stomatology, Chongqing, China
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Liu J, Ruan J, Weir MD, Ren K, Schneider A, Wang P, Oates TW, Chang X, Xu HHK. Periodontal Bone-Ligament-Cementum Regeneration via Scaffolds and Stem Cells. Cells 2019; 8:E537. [PMID: 31167434 PMCID: PMC6628570 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a prevalent infectious disease worldwide, causing the damage of periodontal support tissues, which can eventually lead to tooth loss. The goal of periodontal treatment is to control the infections and reconstruct the structure and function of periodontal tissues including cementum, periodontal ligament (PDL) fibers, and bone. The regeneration of these three types of tissues, including the re-formation of the oriented PDL fibers to be attached firmly to the new cementum and alveolar bone, remains a major challenge. This article represents the first systematic review on the cutting-edge researches on the regeneration of all three types of periodontal tissues and the simultaneous regeneration of the entire bone-PDL-cementum complex, via stem cells, bio-printing, gene therapy, and layered bio-mimetic technologies. This article primarily includes bone regeneration; PDL regeneration; cementum regeneration; endogenous cell-homing and host-mobilized stem cells; 3D bio-printing and generation of the oriented PDL fibers; gene therapy-based approaches for periodontal regeneration; regenerating the bone-PDL-cementum complex via layered materials and cells. These novel developments in stem cell technology and bioactive and bio-mimetic scaffolds are highly promising to substantially enhance the periodontal regeneration including both hard and soft tissues, with applicability to other therapies in the oral and maxillofacial region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Shannxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an 710004, China.
- Clinical Research Center of Shannxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an 710004, China.
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Jianping Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Shannxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an 710004, China.
- Clinical Research Center of Shannxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an 710004, China.
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Ke Ren
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, & Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Abraham Schneider
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Member, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Xiaofeng Chang
- Key Laboratory of Shannxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an 710004, China.
- Clinical Research Center of Shannxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an 710004, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Member, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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13
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Potential Research Tool of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth: Lentiviral Bmi-1 Immortalization with EGFP Marker. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:3526409. [PMID: 30984268 PMCID: PMC6431526 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3526409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are a favourable source for tissue engineering, for its great proliferative capacity and the ease of collection. However, the transplantation of stem cells and the study of stem cell-based tissue engineering require massive stem cells. After long-term expansion, stem cells face many challenges, including limited lifespan, senescence, and loss of stemness. Therefore, a cell line capable of overcoming those problems should be built. In this study, we generated a Bmi-1-immortalized SHED cell line with an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) marker (SHED-Bmi1-EGFP) using lentiviral transduction. We compared this cell line with the original SHED for cell morphology under a microscope. The expression of Bmi-1 was detected with Western blot. Replicative lifespan determination and colony-forming efficiency assessment were using to assay proliferation capability. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase assay was performed to assay the senescence level of cells. Moreover, multipotency, karyotype, and tumour formation in nude mice of SHED and SHED-Bmi1-EGFP were also tested. Our results confirmed that Bmi-1 immortalization did not affect the main features of SHED. SHED-Bmi1-EGFP could be passaged for a long time and stably expressed EGFP. SHED-Bmi1-EGFP at a late passage showed low activity of β-galactosidase and similar multilineage differentiation as SHED at an early passage. The immortalized cells had no potential tumourigenicity ability in vivo. Moreover, we provided some suggestions for potential applications of the immortalized SHED cell line with the EGFP marker. Thus, the immortalized cell line we built can be used as a functional tool in the lab for long-term studies of SHED and stem cell-based regeneration.
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Mendi A, Ulutürk H, Ataç MS, Yılmaz D. Stem Cells for the Oromaxillofacial Area: Could they be a promising source for regeneration in dentistry? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1144:101-121. [PMID: 30725365 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oromaxillofacial tissues (OMT) are composed of tooth and bone, together with nerves and blood vessels. Such a composite material is a huge source for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that can be obtained with ease from extracted teeth, teeth structures and socket blood, flapped gingiva tissue, and mandibular/maxillar bone marrow. They offer a biological answer for restoring damaged dental tissues such as the regeneration of alveolar bone, prevention of pulp tissue defects, and dental structures. Dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells share properties with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and there is a considerable potential for these cells to be used in different stem cell-based therapies, such as bone and nerve regeneration. Dental pulp tissue might be a very good source for neurological disorders whereas gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells could be a good immune modulatory/suppressive mediators. OMT-MSCs is also promising candidates for regeneration of orofacial tissues from the perspective of developmental fate. Here, we review the fundamental biology and potential for future regeneration strategies of MSCs in oromaxillofacial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Mendi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Hacer Ulutürk
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sancar Ataç
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derviş Yılmaz
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Abstract
Adult stem cells are excellent cell resource for cell therapy and regenerative medicine. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been discovered and well known in various application. Here, we reviewed the history of dental pulp stem cell study and the detail experimental method including isolation, culture, cryopreservation, and the differentiation strategy to different cell lineage. Moreover, we discussed the future potential application of the combination of tissue engineering and of DPSC differentiation. This review will help the new learner to quickly get into the DPSC filed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianrui Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, 610072 China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei China
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16
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Orsini G, Pagella P, Mitsiadis TA. Modern Trends in Dental Medicine: An Update for Internists. Am J Med 2018; 131:1425-1430. [PMID: 29969611 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic injuries, genetic diseases, and external harmful agents such as bacteria and acids often compromise tooth integrity. There is an unmet medical need to develop alternative, innovative dental treatments that complement traditional restorative and surgery techniques. Stem cells have transformed the medical field in recent years. The combination of stem cells with bioactive scaffolds and nanostructured materials turns out to be increasingly beneficial in regenerative dental medicine. Stem cell-based regenerative approaches for the formation of dental tissues will significantly improve treatments and will have a major impact in dental practice. To date there is no established and reliable stem cell-based treatment translated into the dental clinics, however, the advances and improved technological knowledge are promising for successful dental therapies in the near future. Here, we review some of the contemporary challenges in dental medicine and describe the benefits and future possibilities of certain novel approaches in the emerging field of regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Orsini
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Centre of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Centre of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Centre of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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17
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Orsini G, Pagella P, Putignano A, Mitsiadis TA. Novel Biological and Technological Platforms for Dental Clinical Use. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1102. [PMID: 30135661 PMCID: PMC6092501 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human teeth have a limited capacity to regenerate and thus biological reconstruction of damaged or lost dental tissues remains a significant challange in modern dentistry. Recent efforts focus on alternative therapeutic approaches for partial or whole tooth regeneration that complement traditional dental treatments using sophisticated materials and dental implants. These multidisciplinary approaches are based on the combination of stem cells with advanced tissue engineer products and computing technology, and they hold great promise for future applications in dentistry. The administration to patients of dynamic biological agents composed by stem cells and scaffolds will certainly increase the regenerative capacity of dental pathological tissues. The design of innovative materials for tissue restoration, diagnostics, imaging, and targeted pharmaceutical treatment will significantly improve the quality of dental care and will have a major societal impact. This review depicts the current challenges in dentistry and describes the possibilities for novel and succesful therapeutic applications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Orsini
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angelo Putignano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Thimios A. Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Zhai Q, Dong Z, Wang W, Li B, Jin Y. Dental stem cell and dental tissue regeneration. Front Med 2018; 13:152-159. [PMID: 29971640 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-018-0628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The teeth are highly differentiated chewing organs formed by the development of tooth germ tissue located in the jaw and consist of the enamel, dentin, cementum, pulp, and periodontal tissue. Moreover, the teeth have a complicated regulatory mechanism, special histologic origin, diverse structure, and important function in mastication, articulation, and aesthetics. These characteristics, to a certain extent, greatly complicate the research in tooth regeneration. Recently, new ideas for tooth and tissue regeneration have begun to appear with rapid developments in the theories and technologies in tissue engineering. Numerous types of stem cells have been isolated from dental tissue, such as dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells isolated from human pulp of exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs), and dental follicle cells (DFCs). All these cells can regenerate the tissue of tooth. This review outlines the cell types and strategies of stem cell therapy applied in tooth regeneration, in order to provide theoretical basis for clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhiwei Dong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, 110840, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China. .,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China. .,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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19
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Abstract
No current therapy promotes root canal disinfection and regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex in cases of pulp necrosis. Antibiotic pastes used to eradicate canal infection negatively affect stem cell survival. Three-dimensional easy-to-fit antibiotic-eluting nanofibers, combined with injectable scaffolds, enriched or not with stem cells and/or growth factors, may increase the likelihood of achieving predictable dental pulp regeneration. Periodontitis is an aggressive disease that impairs the integrity of tooth-supporting structures and may lead to tooth loss. The latest advances in membrane biomodification to endow needed functionalities and technologies to engineer patient-specific membranes/constructs to amplify periodontal regeneration are presented.
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20
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Qin W, Gao X, Ma T, Weir MD, Zou J, Song B, Lin Z, Schneider A, Xu HHK. Metformin Enhances the Differentiation of Dental Pulp Cells into Odontoblasts by Activating AMPK Signaling. J Endod 2018; 44:576-584. [PMID: 29306537 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metformin is a first-line drug for treating type 2 diabetes that regulates the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Its effects on human dental pulp cells (DPCs) remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of metformin on the proliferation and differentiation of DPCs. METHODS A live/dead viability assay kit was used to examine the effects of metformin on the cell viability of DPCs. Cell proliferation was analyzed using a cell counting kit (CCK-8; Dojindo, Tokyo, Japan). Levels of phosphorylated and unphosphorylated adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were quantified by Western blot analysis in response to metformin and the AMPK signaling inhibitor Compound C (EMD Chemicals, San Diego, CA). The effects of Compound C on the metformin-induced odontoblast differentiation of DPCs were determined by alkaline phosphatase activity assay and von Kossa staining, and the expression of odontoblastic markers was evaluated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS DPCs exhibited mesenchymal stem cell characteristics using flow cytometry. Different doses of metformin were shown to be cytocompatible with DPCs, yielding >90% cell viability. None of the concentrations of metformin up to 50 μmol/L affected cell proliferation. The Western blot assay showed that DPCs express functional organic cation transporter 1, a transmembrane protein that mediates the intracellular uptake of metformin. Metformin significantly activated the AMPK pathway in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, it stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity; enhanced mineralized nodule formation; and increased the expression of odontoblastic markers including dentin sialophosphoprotein, dentin matrix protein 1, runt-related transcription factor 2, and osteocalcin. Moreover, pretreatment with Compound C, a specific AMPK inhibitor, markedly reversed metformin-induced odontoblastic differentiation and cell mineralization. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that metformin can induce DPC differentiation and mineralization in an AMPK-dependent manner and that this well-tolerated antidiabetic drug has potential in regenerative endodontics as well as in other regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China; Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xianling Gao
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China; Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bing Song
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zhengmei Lin
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Abraham Schneider
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore County, Maryland.
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21
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Alcohol Inhibits Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Cells by Activating mTOR Signaling. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:8717454. [PMID: 29062364 PMCID: PMC5618757 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8717454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term heavy alcohol consumption could result in a range of health, social, and behavioral problems. People who abuse alcohol are at high risks of seriously having osteopenia, periodontal disease, and compromised oral health. However, the role of ethanol (EtOH) in the biological functions of human dental pulp cells (DPCs) is unknown. Whether EtOH affects the odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs through the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) remains unexplored. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of EtOH on DPC differentiation and mineralization. DPCs were isolated and purified from human dental pulps. The proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs treated with EtOH were subsequently investigated. Different doses of EtOH were shown to be cytocompatible with DPCs. EtOH significantly activated the mTOR pathway in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, EtOH downregulated the alkaline phosphatase activity, attenuated the mineralized nodule formation, and suppressed the expression of odontoblastic markers including ALP, DSPP, DMP-1, Runx2, and OCN. Moreover, the pretreatment with rapamycin, a specific mTOR inhibitor, markedly reversed the EtOH-induced odontoblastic differentiation and cell mineralization. Our findings show for the first time that EtOH can suppress DPC differentiation and mineralization in a mTOR-dependent manner, indicating that EtOH may be involved in negatively regulating the dental pulp repair.
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22
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Mitsiadis TA, Catón J, Pagella P, Orsini G, Jimenez-Rojo L. Monitoring Notch Signaling-Associated Activation of Stem Cell Niches within Injured Dental Pulp. Front Physiol 2017; 8:372. [PMID: 28611689 PMCID: PMC5447770 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem/progenitor cells guarantee tooth homeostasis, repair and regeneration throughout life. The decision between renewal and differentiation of these cells is influenced by physical and molecular interactions with stromal cells and extracellular matrix molecules forming the specialized microenvironment of dental pulp stem cell niches. Here we study the activation of putative pulp niches after tooth injury through the upregulation of Notch signaling pathway. Notch1, Notch2, and Notch3 molecules were used as markers of dental pulp stem/progenitor cells. Upon dental injury, Notch1 and Notch3 are detected in cells related to vascular structures suggesting a role of these proteins in the activation of specific pulpal perivascular niches. In contrast, a population of Notch2-positive cells that are actively proliferative is observed in the apical part of the pulp. Kinetics of these cells is followed up with a lipophilic DiI labeling, showing that apical pulp cells migrate toward the injury site where dynamic regenerative/repair events occur. The knowledge of the activation and regulation of dental pulp stem/progenitor cells within their niches in pathologic conditions may be helpful for the realization of innovative dental treatments in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, ZZM, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Javier Catón
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University CEU-San PabloMadrid, Spain
| | - Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, ZZM, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Orsini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of MarcheAncona, Italy
| | - Lucia Jimenez-Rojo
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, ZZM, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
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23
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Yang B, Qiu Y, Zhou N, Ouyang H, Ding J, Cheng B, Sun J. Application of Stem Cells in Oral Disease Therapy: Progresses and Perspectives. Front Physiol 2017; 8:197. [PMID: 28421002 PMCID: PMC5376595 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated and pluripotent cells that can differentiate into specialized cells with a more specific function. Stem cell therapies become preferred methods for the treatment of multiple diseases. Oral and maxillofacial defect is one kind of the diseases that could be most possibly cured by stem cell therapies. Here we discussed oral diseases, oral adult stem cells, iPS cells, and the progresses/challenges/perspectives of application of stem cells for oral disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yi Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Niu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Hong Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Junjun Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
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24
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Abstract
Apical revascularization (AR) and platelet-rich plasma have been used to restore dental pulp vitality in infected immature permanent teeth. Two regenerative therapies are cell transplantation and cell homing. This article updates and benchmarks these therapies with cell homing. A case report concluded that AR increased root length; however, quantitative and statistical assessments disproved this. Regenerative endodontic therapies require prospective clinical trials demonstrating safety and efficacy. These therapies are intrinsically susceptible to procedural and patient variations. Cell homing uses novel molecules that drive therapeutic efficacy, and may be less sensitive to procedural and patient variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling He
- Division of Endodontics, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Juan Zhong
- Division of Endodontics, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Qimei Gong
- Division of Endodontics, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, Room 631, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Sahng G Kim
- Division of Endodontics, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, 630 West 168 Street - PH7Stem #128, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Junqi Ling
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China.
| | - Jeremy J Mao
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China; Division of Endodontics, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168 Street - PH7E, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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25
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Regenerative Endodontic Procedures: A Perspective from Stem Cell Niche Biology. J Endod 2017; 43:52-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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26
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Choi Y, Kim HJ, Min KS. Effects of proanthocyanidin, a crosslinking agent, on physical and biological properties of collagen hydrogel scaffold. Restor Dent Endod 2016; 41:296-303. [PMID: 27847751 PMCID: PMC5107431 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2016.41.4.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of proanthocyanidin (PAC), a crosslinking agent, on the physical properties of a collagen hydrogel and the behavior of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) cultured in the scaffold. MATERIALS AND METHODS Viability of hPDLCs treated with PAC was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The physical properties of PAC treated collagen hydrogel scaffold were evaluated by the measurement of setting time, surface roughness, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The behavior of the hPDLCs in the collagen scaffold was evaluated by cell morphology observation and cell numbers counting. RESULTS The setting time of the collagen scaffold was shortened in the presence of PAC (p < 0.05). The surface roughness of the PAC-treated collagen was higher compared to the untreated control group (p < 0.05). The thermogram of the crosslinked collagen exhibited a higher endothermic peak compared to the uncrosslinked one. Cells in the PAC-treated collagen were observed to attach in closer proximity to one another with more cytoplasmic extensions compared to cells in the untreated control group. The number of cells cultured in the PAC-treated collagen scaffolds was significantly increased compared to the untreated control (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that PAC enhanced the physical properties of the collagen scaffold. Furthermore, the proliferation of hPDLCs cultured in the collagen scaffold crosslinked with PAC was facilitated. Conclusively, the application of PAC to the collagen scaffold may be beneficial for engineering-based periodontal ligament regeneration in delayed replantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoorina Choi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Wonkwang University Dental Hospital, Iksan, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Kyung-San Min
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.; Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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Jian CX, Fan QS, Hu YH, He Y, Li MZ, Zheng WY, Ren Y, Li CJ. IL-7 suppresses osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells through inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Organogenesis 2016; 12:183-193. [PMID: 27579861 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2016.1229726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are tissue-specific mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), having an important role in regenerative therapy for teeth loss. Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a key cytokine produced by stromal cells including MSCs, and exhibits specific roles for B and T cell development and osteoblasts differentiation of multiple myeloma. However, the effect of IL-7 on osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study we determined whether IL-7 affects the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in vitro and explored the associated signaling pathways for IL-7-mediated cell differentiation. The results demonstrated that the isolated human PDLSCs possessed MSCs features, highly expressing CD90, CD44, CD105, CD29 and CD73, and almost did not expressed CD34, CD45, CD11b, CD14 and CD117. IL-7 could not significantly affect the proliferation of PDLSCs, but it decreased their osteogenic differentiation and inhibited alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The results of quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting exhibited that the expression levels of Runx-2, SP7 and osteocalcin (OCN) were significantly reduced by IL-7. Further studies indicated that IL-7 did not significantly change JNK, ERK1/2 and p38 protein production, but markedly suppressed their phosphorylation levels. These data suggest that IL-7 inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs probably via inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Xiang Jian
- a Department of Stomatolog , PLA General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Tianhui Town , Jinniu District, Chengdu , Sichuan Province , China
| | - Quan-Shui Fan
- b Chengdu Military Garrison Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Yong-He Hu
- b Chengdu Military Garrison Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Yong He
- a Department of Stomatolog , PLA General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Tianhui Town , Jinniu District, Chengdu , Sichuan Province , China
| | - Ming-Zhe Li
- a Department of Stomatolog , PLA General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Tianhui Town , Jinniu District, Chengdu , Sichuan Province , China
| | - Wei-Yin Zheng
- a Department of Stomatolog , PLA General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Tianhui Town , Jinniu District, Chengdu , Sichuan Province , China
| | - Yu Ren
- a Department of Stomatolog , PLA General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Tianhui Town , Jinniu District, Chengdu , Sichuan Province , China
| | - Chen-Jun Li
- a Department of Stomatolog , PLA General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Tianhui Town , Jinniu District, Chengdu , Sichuan Province , China
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Innovative Dental Stem Cell-Based Research Approaches: The Future of Dentistry. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7231038. [PMID: 27648076 PMCID: PMC5018320 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7231038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the dental field has benefited from recent findings in stem cell biology and tissue engineering that led to the elaboration of novel ideas and concepts for the regeneration of dental tissues or entire new teeth. In particular, stem cell-based regenerative approaches are extremely promising since they aim at the full restoration of lost or damaged tissues, ensuring thus their functionality. These therapeutic approaches are already applied with success in clinics for the regeneration of other organs and consist of manipulation of stem cells and their administration to patients. Stem cells have the potential to self-renew and to give rise to a variety of cell types that ensure tissue repair and regeneration throughout life. During the last decades, several adult stem cell populations have been isolated from dental and periodontal tissues, characterized, and tested for their potential applications in regenerative dentistry. Here we briefly present the various stem cell-based treatment approaches and strategies that could be translated in dental practice and revolutionize dentistry.
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Jazayeri HE, Fahmy MD, Razavi M, Stein BE, Nowman A, Masri RM, Tayebi L. Dental Applications of Natural-Origin Polymers in Hard and Soft Tissue Engineering. J Prosthodont 2016; 25:510-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein E. Jazayeri
- University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine; Philadelphia PA
- Marquette University School of Dentistry; Milwaukee WI
| | - Mina D. Fahmy
- Marquette University School of Dentistry; Milwaukee WI
| | - Mehdi Razavi
- BCAST, Institute of Materials and Manufacturing; Brunel University London; Uxbridge London UK
- Brunel Institute for Bioengineering; Brunel University London; Uxbridge London UK
| | - Brett E. Stein
- University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine; Philadelphia PA
| | - Aatif Nowman
- Marquette University School of Dentistry; Milwaukee WI
| | - Radi M. Masri
- Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry; University of Maryland School of Dentistry; Baltimore MD
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry; Milwaukee WI
- Department of Engineering Science; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
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Chen FM, Gao LN, Tian BM, Zhang XY, Zhang YJ, Dong GY, Lu H, Chu Q, Xu J, Yu Y, Wu RX, Yin Y, Shi S, Jin Y. Treatment of periodontal intrabony defects using autologous periodontal ligament stem cells: a randomized clinical trial. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:33. [PMID: 26895633 PMCID: PMC4761216 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis, which progressively destroys tooth-supporting structures, is one of the most widespread infectious diseases and the leading cause of tooth loss in adults. Evidence from preclinical trials and small-scale pilot clinical studies indicates that stem cells derived from periodontal ligament tissues are a promising therapy for the regeneration of lost/damaged periodontal tissue. This study assessed the safety and feasibility of using autologous periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) as an adjuvant to grafting materials in guided tissue regeneration (GTR) to treat periodontal intrabony defects. Our data provide primary clinical evidence for the efficacy of cell transplantation in regenerative dentistry. Methods We conducted a single-center, randomized trial that used autologous PDLSCs in combination with bovine-derived bone mineral materials to treat periodontal intrabony defects. Enrolled patients were randomly assigned to either the Cell group (treatment with GTR and PDLSC sheets in combination with Bio-oss®) or the Control group (treatment with GTR and Bio-oss® without stem cells). During a 12-month follow-up study, we evaluated the frequency and extent of adverse events. For the assessment of treatment efficacy, the primary outcome was based on the magnitude of alveolar bone regeneration following the surgical procedure. Results A total of 30 periodontitis patients aged 18 to 65 years (48 testing teeth with periodontal intrabony defects) who satisfied our inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to the Cell group or the Control group. A total of 21 teeth were treated in the Control group and 20 teeth were treated in the Cell group. All patients received surgery and a clinical evaluation. No clinical safety problems that could be attributed to the investigational PDLSCs were identified. Each group showed a significant increase in the alveolar bone height (decrease in the bone-defect depth) over time (p < 0.001). However, no statistically significant differences were detected between the Cell group and the Control group (p > 0.05). Conclusions This study demonstrates that using autologous PDLSCs to treat periodontal intrabony defects is safe and does not produce significant adverse effects. The efficacy of cell-based periodontal therapy requires further validation by multicenter, randomized controlled studies with an increased sample size. Trial Registration NCT01357785 Date registered: 18 May 2011. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-016-0288-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Na Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, P. R. China
| | - Bei-Min Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Ying Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, P. R. China
| | - Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, P. R. China
| | - Qing Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, P. R. China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, P. R. China
| | - Songtao Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, P. R. China.
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31
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Mitsiadis TA, Harada H. Regenerated teeth: the future of tooth replacement. An update. Regen Med 2015; 10:5-8. [PMID: 25562346 DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development & Regeneration Unit, ZZM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich CH-8032, Switzerland
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32
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Mitsiadis TA, Woloszyk A. Odyssey of human dental pulp stem cells and their remarkable ability to survive in extremely adverse conditions. Front Physiol 2015; 6:99. [PMID: 25859225 PMCID: PMC4374452 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, Center for Dentistry, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Woloszyk
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, Center for Dentistry, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
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33
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Smith PC, Martínez C, Cáceres M, Martínez J. Research on growth factors in periodontology. Periodontol 2000 2014; 67:234-50. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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34
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Akita D, Morokuma M, Saito Y, Yamanaka K, Akiyama Y, Sato M, Mashimo T, Toriumi T, Arai Y, Kaneko T, Tsukimura N, Isokawa K, Ishigami T, Honda MJ. Periodontal tissue regeneration by transplantation of rat adipose-derived stromal cells in combination with PLGA-based solid scaffolds. Biomed Res 2014; 35:91-103. [PMID: 24759177 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.35.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of damaged periodontium is challenging due to its multi-tissue composition. Mesenchymalstem cell-based approaches using adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) may contribute to periodontal reconstruction, particularly when combined with the use of scaffolds to maintain a space for new tissue growth. The aim of this study was to assess the regenerative potential of ASCs derived from inbred or outbred rats in combination with novel solid scaffolds composed of PLGA (Poly D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA-scaffolds). Cultured ASCs seeded onto PLGA scaffolds (ASCs/PLGA) or PLGA-scaffolds (PLGA) alone were transplanted into periodontal fenestration defects created in F344 or Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Micro-CT analysis showed a significantly higher percentage of bone growth in the ASCs/PLGA groups compared with the PLGA-alone groups at five weeks after surgery. Similarly, histomorphometric analysis demonstrated thicker growth of periodontal ligament and cementum layers in the ASCs/PLGA-groups compared with the PLGA-alone groups. In addition, transplanted DiI-labeled ASCs were observed in the periodontal regenerative sites. The present investigation demonstrated the marked ability of ASCs in combination with PLGA scaffolds to repair periodontal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Akita
- Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
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35
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Woloszyk A, Holsten Dircksen S, Bostanci N, Müller R, Hofmann S, Mitsiadis TA. Influence of the mechanical environment on the engineering of mineralised tissues using human dental pulp stem cells and silk fibroin scaffolds. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111010. [PMID: 25354351 PMCID: PMC4213001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth constitute a promising source of stem cells that can be used for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine purposes. Bone loss in the craniofacial complex due to pathological conditions and severe injuries could be treated with new materials combined with human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) that have the same embryonic origin as craniofacial bones. Optimising combinations of scaffolds, cells, growth factors and culture conditions still remains a great challenge. In the present study, we evaluate the mineralisation potential of hDPSCs seeded on porous silk fibroin scaffolds in a mechanically dynamic environment provided by spinner flask bioreactors. Cell-seeded scaffolds were cultured in either standard or osteogenic media in both static and dynamic conditions for 47 days. Histological analysis and micro-computed tomography of the samples showed low levels of mineralisation when samples were cultured in static conditions (0.16±0.1 BV/TV%), while their culture in a dynamic environment with osteogenic medium and weekly µCT scans (4.9±1.6 BV/TV%) significantly increased the formation of homogeneously mineralised structures, which was also confirmed by the elevated calcium levels (4.5±1.0 vs. 8.8±1.7 mg/mL). Molecular analysis of the samples showed that the expression of tooth correlated genes such as Dentin Sialophosphoprotein and Nestin were downregulated by a factor of 6.7 and 7.4, respectively, in hDPSCs when cultured in presence of osteogenic medium. This finding indicates that hDPSCs are able to adopt a non-dental identity by changing the culture conditions only. Also an increased expression of Osteocalcin (1.4x) and Collagen type I (1.7x) was found after culture under mechanically dynamic conditions in control medium. In conclusion, the combination of hDPSCs and silk scaffolds cultured under mechanical loading in spinner flask bioreactors could offer a novel and promising approach for bone tissue engineering where appropriate and rapid bone regeneration in mechanically loaded tissues is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Woloszyk
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Centre of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Oral Translational Research, Institute of Oral Biology, Centre of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Hofmann
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Thimios A. Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Centre of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Vecchiatini R, Penolazzi L, Lambertini E, Angelozzi M, Morganti C, Mazzitelli S, Trombelli L, Nastruzzi C, Piva R. Effect of dynamic three-dimensional culture on osteogenic potential of human periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stem cells entrapped in alginate microbeads. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:544-53. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Vecchiatini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences; Ferrara University; Ferrara Italy
| | - L. Penolazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences; Ferrara University; Ferrara Italy
| | - E. Lambertini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences; Ferrara University; Ferrara Italy
| | - M. Angelozzi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences; Ferrara University; Ferrara Italy
| | - C. Morganti
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences; Ferrara University; Ferrara Italy
| | - S. Mazzitelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; Ferrara University; Ferrara Italy
| | - L. Trombelli
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences; Ferrara University; Ferrara Italy
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases; Ferrara University; Ferrara Italy
| | - C. Nastruzzi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; Ferrara University; Ferrara Italy
| | - R. Piva
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences; Ferrara University; Ferrara Italy
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Vandomme J, Touil Y, Ostyn P, Olejnik C, Flamenco P, El Machhour R, Segard P, Masselot B, Bailliez Y, Formstecher P, Polakowska R. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signals inversely regulate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activity to control human dental pulp stem cell quiescence, propagation, and differentiation. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:839-51. [PMID: 24266654 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) remain quiescent until activated in response to severe dental pulp damage. Once activated, they exit quiescence and enter regenerative odontogenesis, producing reparative dentin. The factors and signaling molecules that control the quiescence/activation and commitment to differentiation of human DPSCs are not known. In this study, we determined that the inhibition of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling commonly activates DPSCs and promotes their exit from the G0 phase of the cell cycle as well as from the pyronin Y(low) stem cell compartment. The inhibition of these two pathways, however, inversely determines DPSC fate. In contrast to p38 MAPK inhibitors, IGF-1R inhibitors enhance dental pulp cell sphere-forming capacity and reduce the cells' colony-forming capacity without inducing cell death. The inverse cellular changes initiated by IGF-1R and p38 MAPK inhibitors were accompanied by inverse changes in the levels of active signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) factor, inactive glycogen synthase kinase 3, and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein, a marker of early odontoblast differentiation. Our data suggest that there is cross talk between the IGF-1R and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in DPSCs and that the signals provided by these pathways converge at STAT3 and inversely regulate its activity to maintain quiescence or to promote self-renewal and differentiation of the cells. We propose a working model that explains the possible interactions between IGF-1R and p38 MAPK at the molecular level and describes the cellular consequences of these interactions. This model may inspire further fundamental study and stimulate research on the clinical applications of DPSC in cellular therapy and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Vandomme
- 1 Inserm U837 Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL) , Lille, France
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Di Benedetto A, Carbone C, Mori G. Dental pulp stem cells isolation and osteogenic differentiation: a good promise for tissue engineering. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1210:117-130. [PMID: 25173164 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1435-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Adult stem cells therapy can be an efficacious treatment for many diseases and disabilities. New sources of stem cells in adult organisms are continuously emerging. Dental tissues that are easily accessible by a tooth extraction have been identified as a source of postnatal mesenchymal stem cells capable of self-renewal and multipotency. Here, we describe accurately the technical procedure to isolate mesenchymal stem cells from dental pulp (DPSCs), characterize their immunophenotype, and assay their osteogenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Di Benedetto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, V.le L. Pinto 1, 71100, Foggia, Italy,
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Ronay V, Belibasakis GN, Attin T, Schmidlin PR, Bostanci N. Expression of embryonic stem cell markers and osteogenic differentiation potential in cells derived from periodontal granulation tissue. Cell Biol Int 2013; 38:179-86. [PMID: 24123724 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify if cells obtained from periodontal granulation tissue possess embryonic stem cell properties and osteogenic capacities in vitro. Periodontal granulation tissue was removed from one furcation and one infrabony defect (FGTC/IGTC-furcation/infrabony defect derived granulation tissue cells) of six patients. The extracted tissues were treated with collagenase/dispase solution, cultured and passaged twice, while a fraction of them was bacteriologically analyzed. Upon reaching confluence, total RNA was extracted, followed by cDNA synthesis and real-time PCR analysis. Gene expression levels of collagen type I, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the embryonic stem cell markers Nanog, Oct-4, Rex-1 and Sox-2 were measured, calibrated against the housekeeping gene GAPDH. Further, osteogenic differentiation was induced. Mineralized matrix formation was confirmed by von Kossa staining, and ALP activity was measured colorimetrically. The total bacterial load amounted to 9.4 ± 14.6 × 10(6) counts/mg of tissue for IGTC, and 11.1 ± 6.1 × 10(6) counts/of tissue for FGTC. Among the embryonic stem cell markers (FGTC/IGTC), Nanog was most highly expressed (3.48 ± 1.2/5.85 ± 5.7), followed by Oct-4 (1.79 ± 0.69/2.85 ± 2.5), Sox-2 (0.66 ± 0.3/1.26 ± 1.4) and Rex-1 (0.06 ± 0.0/0.04 ± 0.0). The osteogenic differentiation process was positive in both FGTC and IGTC, judged by increased von Kossa staining, and elevated ALP activity and gene expression. This study provides evidence that infected periodontal granulation tissue harbors cells expressing embryonic stem cell markers, and exhibiting osteogenic capacities when in culture in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Ronay
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
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40
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Autofluorescent characteristics of human periodontal ligament cells in vitro. Ann Anat 2013; 195:449-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Guo S, Guo W, Ding Y, Gong J, Zou Q, Xie D, Chen Y, Wu Y, Tian W. Comparative Study of Human Dental Follicle Cell Sheets and Periodontal Ligament Cell Sheets for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration. Cell Transplant 2013; 22:1061-73. [PMID: 23007138 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x656036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament cell (PDLC) sheets have been shown to contribute to periodontal tissue regeneration. Dental follicle cells (DFCs), acknowledged as the precursor cells of PDLCs, have demonstrated stemness, embryonic features, heterogeneity, and pluripotency. Therefore, we hypothesized that DFC sheets might be more effective and suitable for periodontal tissue regeneration than PDLC sheets. In this study, we compared the biological characteristics of DFC sheets and PDLC sheets in vitro. To investigate the potential for periodontal tissue regeneration in vivo, complexes composed of two types of cell sheets combined with dentin matrix were implanted subcutaneously into nude mice for 6 weeks. Our results showed that, when forming cell sheets, DFCs secreted richer extracellular matrix than PDLCs. And compared to DFCs, DFC sheets expressed high levels of calcification-related genes, including alkaline phosphatase ( alp), bone sialoprotein ( bsp), osteopontin ( opn), runt-related transcription factor ( runx2), as well as the periodontal ligament-specific genes collagen III ( col III) and periostin, while the gene expression of bsp, osteocalcin ( ocn), and opn were greatly increased in PDLC sheets, when compared to PDLCs. col I expression did not change significantly. However, cementum protein 23 ( cp-23) expression increased several fold in PDLC sheets compared to PDLCs but decreased in DFC sheets compared to DFCs. DFC and PDLC sheets were both positive for Collagen I (Col I), cementum attachment protein (CAP), ALP, BSP, OCN, and OPN protein expression, and Col I, ALP, BSP, and OPN expression were increased after cell sheets were formed. Furthermore, the levels of laminin and fibronectin were higher in DFCs and DFC sheets than that of PDLCs and PDLC sheets, respectively. In vivo, DFC and PDLC sheets could both regenerate periodontal tissue-like structures, but DFC sheets demonstrated stronger periodontal regeneration potential than PDLC sheets. Therefore, DFC sheets derived from discarded dental follicle tissue after tooth extraction may be more advantageous for clinical periodontal tissue regeneration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yali Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yafei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Mitsiadis TA, Woloszyk A, Jiménez-Rojo L. Nanodentistry: combining nanostructured materials and stem cells for dental tissue regeneration. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:1743-53. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative dentistry represents an attractive multidisciplinary therapeutic approach that complements traditional restorative/surgery techniques and benefits from recent advances in stem cell biology, molecular biology, genomics and proteomics. Materials science is important in such advances to move regenerative dentistry from the laboratory to the clinic. The design of novel nanostructured materials, such as biomimetic matrices and scaffolds for controlling cell fate and differentiation, and nanoparticles for diagnostics, imaging and targeted treatment, is needed. The combination of nanotechnology, which allows the creation of sophisticated materials with exquisite fine structural detail, and stem cell biology turns out to be increasingly useful in regenerative medicine. The administration to patients of dynamic biological agents comprising stem cells, bioactive scaffolds and/or nanoparticles will certainly increase the regenerative impact of dental pathological tissues. This overview briefly describes some of the actual benefits and future possibilities of nanomaterials in the emerging field of stem cell-based regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Institute of Oral Biology, Department of Orofacial Development & Regeneration, ZZM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Woloszyk
- Institute of Oral Biology, Department of Orofacial Development & Regeneration, ZZM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Jiménez-Rojo
- Institute of Oral Biology, Department of Orofacial Development & Regeneration, ZZM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Lu H, Xie C, Zhao YM, Chen FM. Translational research and therapeutic applications of stem cell transplantation in periodontal regenerative medicine. Cell Transplant 2012; 22:205-29. [PMID: 23031442 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x656171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have received a great deal of interest from the research community as potential therapeutic "tools" for a variety of chronic debilitating diseases that lack clinically effective therapies. Stem cells are also of interest for the regeneration of tooth-supporting tissues that have been lost to periodontal disease. Indeed, substantial data have demonstrated that the exogenous administration of stem cells or their derivatives in preclinical animal models of periodontal defects can restore damaged tissues to their original form and function. As we discuss here, however, considerable hurdles must be overcome before these findings can be responsibly translated to novel clinical therapies. Generally, the application of stem cells for periodontal therapy in clinics will not be realized until the best cell(s) to use, the optimal dose, and an effective mode of administration are identified. In particular, we need to better understand the mechanisms of action of stem cells after transplantation in the periodontium and to learn how to preciously control stem cell fates in the pathological environment around a tooth. From a translational perspective, we outline the challenges that may vary across preclinical models for the evaluation of stem cell therapy in situations that require periodontal reconstruction and the safety issues that are related to clinical applications of human stem cells. Although clinical trials that use autologous periodontal ligament stem cells have been approved and have already been initiated, proper consideration of the technical, safety, and regulatory concerns may facilitate, rather than inhibit, the clinical translation of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
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Chen FM, Sun HH, Lu H, Yu Q. Stem cell-delivery therapeutics for periodontal tissue regeneration. Biomaterials 2012; 33:6320-44. [PMID: 22695066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis, an inflammatory disease, is the most common cause of tooth loss in adults. Attempts to regenerate the complex system of tooth-supporting apparatus (i.e., the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and root cementum) after loss/damage due to periodontitis have made some progress recently and provide a useful experimental model for the evaluation of future regenerative therapies. Concentrated efforts have now moved from the use of guided tissue/bone regeneration technology, a variety of growth factors and various bone grafts/substitutes toward the design and practice of endogenous regenerative technology by recruitment of host cells (cell homing) or stem cell-based therapeutics by transplantation of outside cells to enhance periodontal tissue regeneration and its biomechanical integration. This shift is driven by the general inability of conventional therapies to deliver satisfactory outcomes, particularly in cases where the disease has caused large tissue defects in the periodontium. Cell homing and cell transplantation are both scientifically meritorious approaches that show promise to completely and reliably reconstitute all tissue and connections damaged through periodontal disease, and hence research into both directions should continue. In view of periodontal regeneration by paradigms that unlock the body's innate regenerative potential has been reviewed elsewhere, this paper specifically explores and analyses the stem cell types and cell delivery strategies that have been or have the potential to be used as therapeutics in periodontal regenerative medicine, with particular emphasis placed on the efficacy and safety concerns of current stem cell-based periodontal therapies that may eventually enter into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Ming Chen
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Chen FM, Zhao YM, Jin Y, Shi S. Prospects for translational regenerative medicine. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 30:658-72. [PMID: 22138411 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 11/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Translational medicine is an evolutional concept that encompasses the rapid translation of basic research for use in clinical disease diagnosis, prevention and treatment. It follows the idea "from bench to bedside and back", and hence relies on cooperation between laboratory research and clinical care. In the past decade, translational medicine has received unprecedented attention from scientists and clinicians and its fundamental principles have penetrated throughout biomedicine, offering a sign post that guides modern medical research toward a patient-centered focus. Translational regenerative medicine is still in its infancy, and significant basic research investment has not yet achieved satisfactory clinical outcomes for patients. In particular, there are many challenges associated with the use of cell- and tissue-based products for clinical therapies. This review summarizes the transformation and global progress in translational medicine over the past decade. The current obstacles and opportunities in translational regenerative medicine are outlined in the context of stem cell therapy and tissue engineering for the safe and effective regeneration of functional tissue. This review highlights the requirement for multi-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary cooperation to ensure the development of the best possible regenerative therapies within the shortest timeframe possible for the greatest patient benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Ming Chen
- Department of Periodontology & Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Mitsiadis TA, Luder HU. Genetic basis for tooth malformations: from mice to men and back again. Clin Genet 2011; 80:319-29. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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