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Rasool GS, Al-Awadi SJ, Hussien AA, Al-Attar MM. Genetic variation of CYP2C9 gene and its correlation with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:105. [PMID: 38227154 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major enzyme that is responsible for Sulfonylureas (SUs) metabolism is hepatic cytochrome P-450 2C9 (CYP2C9). It is encoded by the polymorphic gene CYP2C9, which has many allelic variants, among those the CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 are the most common and clinically significant allelic variations. People with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD), and their risk of dying from it is more than two times higher than that of people without the condition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of genetic variations in the CYP2C9 gene with cardiovascular risk factors by investigating CYP2C9*1, *2, *3, *5, *11, and *13 allelic variants. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 226 participants were enrolled in the current case-control study. Allele-specific amplification- PCR (ASA-PCR) was used to determine the allele of different variations and the results were confirmed by sequencing. The findings of this study showed the presence of the CYP2C9*2 allele in the T2DM group does not differ from its percentage in the control group. Also, CYP2C9*3 allele frequencies identified by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) analysis law were not significant, p = 0.6593 and 0.5828 in T2DM and control groups. There is no statistically significant difference between the control and diabetes groups involving the distribution of CYP2C9 alleles and CYP2C9*5, *11, and *13 polymorphisms were absent in the Iraqi population. No carrier for the CYP2C9*3 homozygous state was found in both groups. CONCLUSIONS According to these results T2DM patients with the CYP2C9*2 and *3 variants have an increased risk of developing hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada S Rasool
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ninevah University, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Salwa J Al-Awadi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics Technologies, College of Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Asmaa A Hussien
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics Technologies, College of Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Marwa M Al-Attar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
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2
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Bagher AM. Association of CYP2C9∗3 and CYP2C8∗3 Non-Functional Alleles with Ibuprofen-Induced Upper Gastrointestinal Toxicity in a Saudi Patient. Case Rep Med 2023; 2023:6623269. [PMID: 37520310 PMCID: PMC10382241 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6623269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) widely used to alleviate pain and inflammation. Although it is generally considered safe, common adverse drug reactions of ibuprofen include stomach pain, nausea, and heartburn. It can also cause gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, especially in individuals with a history of GI ulcers or bleeding disorders. Ibuprofen is predominantly metabolized by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes CYP2C9 and CYP2C8. Individuals carrying the CYP2C9∗3 or CYP2C8∗3 non-functional alleles have reduced enzyme activities resulting in elevated ibuprofen plasma concentrations and half-life. We presented a case of a 31-year-old Saudi female patient with a history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had taken ibuprofen at 600 mg twice daily for eight weeks. The patient presented to the emergency department with symptoms including nausea, vomiting, severe abdominal pain, and black tarry stools. An emergency esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed on the patient, which revealed a deep bleeding ulcer measuring 1 × 1 cm in the antrum of the stomach. Laboratory investigations indicated anemia (hemoglobin: 7.21 g/dL and hematocrit: 22.40 g/dl). The patient received intravenous proton pump inhibitors and a packed red blood cell transfusion. Genetic analysis revealed that the patient was a carrier of CYP2C9∗3 and CYP2C8∗3 variant alleles, indicating that the patient is a poor metabolizer for both enzymes. The patient's symptoms improved over the subsequent days, and she was discharged with instructions to avoid NSAIDs. This is the first reported Saudi patient homozygous for CYP2C9∗3 and CYP2C8∗3 variant alleles, which led to ibuprofen-induced upper GI toxicity. This case demonstrates the importance of contemplating CYP2C9 and CYP2C8 genetic variations when administrating NSAIDs like ibuprofen. Careful assessment of the risks and benefits of NSAID therapy in each patient and consideration of alternative pain management strategies must be conducted when appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina M. Bagher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Choi W, Park E, Bae S, Choi KH, Han S, Son KH, Lee DY, Cho IJ, Seong H, Hwang KS, Nam JM, Choi J, Lee H, Choi N. Multiplex SNP Genotyping Using SWITCH: Sequence-Specific Nanoparticle with Interpretative Toehold-Mediated Sequence Decoding in Hydrogel. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105538. [PMID: 34923738 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that can alter phenotypes of individuals play a pivotal role in disease development and, more importantly, responses to therapy. However, SNP genotyping has been challenging due to the similarity of SNP alleles and their low concentration in biological samples. Sequence-specific nanoparticle with interpretative toehold-mediated sequence decoding in hydrogel (SWITCH) for multiplex SNP genotyping is presented. The encoding with gold nanoparticle probes transduces each SNP target to ≈1000 invaders with prominently different sequences between wild and mutant types, featuring polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-free amplification. Subsequently, the toehold-mediated DNA replacement in hydrogel microparticles decodes the invaders via SNP-specific fluorescence signals. The 4-plex detection of the warfarin-associated SNP targets spiked in commercially validated human serum (S1-100ML, Merck) is successfully demonstrated with excellent specificity. This work is the first technology development presenting PCR-free, multiplex SNP genotyping with a single reporting fluorophore, to the best of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woongsun Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Eunhye Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Seojin Bae
- OPTOLANE Technologies, Inc., Seongnam, 13494, Korea
| | | | - Sangeun Han
- OPTOLANE Technologies, Inc., Seongnam, 13494, Korea
| | - Kuk-Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, 21936, Korea
| | - Do Young Lee
- OPTOLANE Technologies, Inc., Seongnam, 13494, Korea
| | - Il-Joo Cho
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
- Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Hyejeong Seong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Kyo Seon Hwang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Jwa-Min Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jungkyu Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Hyojin Lee
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
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Ustare LAT, Reyes KG, Lasac MAG, Brodit SE, Baclig MO. Single nucleotide polymorphisms on CYP2C9 gene among Filipinos and its association with post-operative pain relief via COX-2 inhibitors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS 2020; 11:31-38. [PMID: 33240461 PMCID: PMC7677506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CYP2C9 gene encodes an enzyme involved in the metabolism of a wide variety of drugs which include celecoxib. This study investigated the frequencies of the alleles and genotypes of CYP2C9*1, CYP2C9*2, and CYP2C9*3 among Filipinos who underwent surgery, and to determine the association of CYP2C9 polymorphisms with post-operative pain relief via COX-2 inhibitors. Response to celecoxib was determined using the numerical rating scale (0-10) on the 24th and 48th hour of surgery. The CYP2C9 alleles were detected by real-time PCR. For CYP2C9*1 and CYP2C9*3, the allele frequencies among Filipinos were 99% and 1% respectively, which is similar with other East Asians. CYP2C9*2 alleles were not detected. The frequencies of CYP2C9*1/*1 and CYP2C9*1/*3 genotypes were 98% and 2% respectively. At 24 hours post-surgery, the average pain score was 2.57 ± 1.03, while on 48 hours post-surgery, the average pain score was 0.67 ± 0.61 among those who have the wild-type CYP2C9*1 allele. The average pain score on the 24th and 48th hour post-operatively was observed to be 2.5 ± 0.71 and 0.5 ± 0.71 respectively among two patients classified as intermediate metabolizer carrying the CYP2C9*1/*3 genotype. Low frequencies of CYP2C9 polymorphisms were observed in the present study, this pattern was similar with other Asians except Indians, and considerably lower than Caucasians. Our results suggest that CYP2C9 genotyping is not routinely needed for Filipinos but must be considered among mixed races. Consequently, a more personalized therapeutic strategy was derived from these data, resulting in good clinical outcomes and less adverse drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leland Arden T Ustare
- Department of Anesthesiology, St. Luke’s Medical Center279 E. Rodriguez Sr. Blvd., Quezon 1112, Philippines
| | - Karen G Reyes
- Research and Biotechnology, St. Luke’s Medical Center279 E. Rodriguez Sr. Blvd., Quezon 1112, Philippines
| | - Marie Angelica G Lasac
- Department of Anesthesiology, St. Luke’s Medical Center279 E. Rodriguez Sr. Blvd., Quezon 1112, Philippines
| | - Salvador E Brodit
- Department of Anesthesiology, St. Luke’s Medical Center279 E. Rodriguez Sr. Blvd., Quezon 1112, Philippines
- Pain Management Center, St. Luke’s Medical Center279 E. Rodriguez Sr. Blvd., Quezon 1112, Philippines
| | - Michael O Baclig
- Research and Biotechnology, St. Luke’s Medical Center279 E. Rodriguez Sr. Blvd., Quezon 1112, Philippines
- St. Luke’s Medical Center College of Medicine-William H. Quasha Memorial, Cathedral Heights ComplexE. Rodriguez Sr. Blvd., Quezon, 1112, Philippines
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5
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Golshekan E, Sohrabi A. The point mutation analysis of Cyp2C9 *2 (Arg144Cys C>T), Cyp2C9 *3 (Ile359Leu A>C) and VKORC1 (1639G>A) in women with cervical cancer related to HPV: A case-control study. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9317-9322. [PMID: 32400078 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted viral infection worldwide. HPV tumorigenesis genotypes are the causative agents of cervical cancer and genital malignancies. The scientific literature has demonstrated that life style, environmental, epigenetic accompanied with HR-HPV genotypes are potential risk factors for cervical cancer progression. The frequencies of the Cyp2C9*2 , Cyp2C9*3 , and vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) genotypes as potential molecular biomarkers have been investigated on Iranian women with cervical malignancy related to HPV genotypes. As a case-control study, the mutations were appraised using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism procedure on women suffering from HPV infection (60 cases), CC (46 cases), and 40 subjects of as healthy control. The outcomes demonstrated that Cyp2C9*3 showed a meaningful relationship between women diagnosed with cervical cancer and the healthy population (AA vs. AC; OR, 7.15; 95% CI, 1.94-26.3; p = .003). It was also observed that the Cyp2C9*3 mutation in women with cervical cancer and VKORC1 in healthy population with HPV (+), did not follow the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Our findings aid understanding the genetic polymorphism distribution of Cyp2C9*2 , Cyp2C9*3 , and VKORC1 in women with genital malignancies. This can also be useful in predicting the susceptibility risk factors for developing cervical cancer. However, allelic discrimination as a molecular biomarker requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Golshekan
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sohrabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Cîmpan PL, Chira RI, Mocan M, Anton FP, Farcaş AD. Oral Anticoagulant Therapy-When Art Meets Science. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101747. [PMID: 31640208 PMCID: PMC6832236 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticoagulant treatment is extremely important and frequently encountered in the therapy of various cardiovascular diseases. Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) are in use for the prevention and treatment of arterial and venous thromboembolism, despite the introduction of new direct-acting oral anticoagulants (NOAC). The VKA still have the clear recommendation in patients with a mechanical prosthetic heart valve replacement or moderate to severe mitral stenosis of the rheumatic origin, in deep vein thrombosis associated with congenital thrombophilia, and in cases where NOAC are prohibited by social condition (financial reason) or by comorbidities (extreme weight, severe renal or liver disease). VKA dosing required to reach the targeted therapeutic range varies largely between patients (inter-individual variability). This inter-individual variability depends on multiple environmental factors such as age, mass, diet, etc. but it is also influenced by genetic determinism. About 30 genes implicated in the metabolism coumarins derivatives were identified, the most important being CYP2C9 and VKORC, each with several polymorphisms. Herein, we review the data regarding genetic alterations in general and specific populations, highlight the diagnosis options in particular cases presenting with genetic alteration causing higher sensitivity and/or resistance to VKA therapy and underline the utility of NOAC in solving such rare and difficult problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Romeo Ioan Chira
- Internal Medicine Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 40006 Cluj Napoca, Romania.
| | - Mihaela Mocan
- Internal Medicine Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 40006 Cluj Napoca, Romania.
| | - Florin Petru Anton
- Internal Medicine Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 40006 Cluj Napoca, Romania.
| | - Anca Daniela Farcaş
- Internal Medicine Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 40006 Cluj Napoca, Romania.
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7
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Rad F, Hamidpour M, Dorgalaleh A, Poopak B. The Effect of Demographic Factors and VKORC1 1639 G>A Genotypes on Estimated Warfarin Maintenance Dose in Iranian Patients Under Warfarin Therapy. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2018; 35:167-171. [PMID: 30828166 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-018-0987-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Warfarin is an anticoagulant that inhibits vitamin K-dependent clotting factors including factor (F) II, FVII, FIX and FX. Different factors can change the effect of this anticoagulant in clinic. Therefore we assessed impact of VKORC1 -1639 G>A polymorphism and demographic factors on required maintenance dose in Iranian patients under warfarin therapy. The study population included 95 patients with a mean age of 61.3 ± 12.6 years. Target INR range of 2-3 was considered for these patients. The frequency of VKORC1 -1639 G>A polymorphism was assessed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Finally the obtain data were analyzed by SPSS software. Our study revealed that 30.5%, 49.5%, and 20% of the patients had VKORC1 (G/G), (G/A), and (A/A) genotypes, respectively. Carriers of VKORC1 G/G genotype required a higher warfarin dose as compared to A/A carriers (4.48 ± 1.32 and 2.7 ± 1.16 mg/day, respectively; P < 0.01). In addition, patients with higher age required lower warfarin therapeutic dose (r = - 0.3, P < 0.01). It seems that -1639 G>A polymorphism and demographic variables had significant effects on warfarin maintenance dose in Iranian patients under warfarin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Rad
- 1Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mohsen Hamidpour
- 2Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Dorgalaleh
- 3Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Comprehensive Hemophilia Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Poopak
- 5School of Paramedicine, Tehran Medical Branch of Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 19395-1495, Tehran, Iran
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Jmel H, Romdhane L, Ben Halima Y, Hechmi M, Naouali C, Dallali H, Hamdi Y, Shan J, Abid A, Jamoussi H, Trabelsi S, Chouchane L, Luiselli D, Abdelhak S, Kefi R. Pharmacogenetic landscape of Metabolic Syndrome components drug response in Tunisia and comparison with worldwide populations. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194842. [PMID: 29652911 PMCID: PMC5898725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation is an important determinant affecting either drug response or susceptibility to adverse drug reactions. Several studies have highlighted the importance of ethnicity in influencing drug response variability that should be considered during drug development. Our objective is to characterize the genetic variability of some pharmacogenes involved in the response to drugs used for the treatment of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in Tunisia and to compare our results to the worldwide populations. A set of 135 Tunisians was genotyped using the Affymetrix Chip 6.0 genotyping array. Variants located in 24 Very Important Pharmacogenes (VIP) involved in MetS drug response were extracted from the genotyping data. Analysis of variant distribution in Tunisian population compared to 20 worldwide populations publicly available was performed using R software packages. Common variants between Tunisians and the 20 investigated populations were extracted from genotyping data. Multidimensional screening showed that Tunisian population is clustered with North African and European populations. The greatest divergence was observed with the African and Asian population. In addition, we performed Inter-ethnic comparison based on the genotype frequencies of five VIP biomarkers. The genotype frequencies of the biomarkers rs3846662, rs1045642, rs7294 and rs12255372 located respectively in HMGCR, ABCB1, VKORC1 and TCF7L2 are similar between Tunisian, Tuscan (TSI) and European (CEU). The genotype frequency of the variant rs776746 located in CYP3A5 gene is similar between Tunisian and African populations and different from CEU and TSI. The present study shows that the genetic make up of the Tunisian population is relatively complex in regard to pharmacogenes and reflects previous historical events. It is important to consider this ethnic difference in drug prescription in order to optimize drug response to avoid serious adverse drug reactions. Taking into account similarities with other neighboring populations, our study has an impact not only on the Tunisian population but also on North African population which are underrepresented in pharmacogenomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Jmel
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lilia Romdhane
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Ben Halima
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meriem Hechmi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chokri Naouali
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hamza Dallali
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yosr Hamdi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jingxuan Shan
- Laboratory of Genetic Medicine and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelmajid Abid
- Department of external consultation, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Henda Jamoussi
- Department of external consultation, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Trabelsi
- Clinical Pharmacology Service, National Pharmacovigilance Center, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Chouchane
- Laboratory of Genetic Medicine and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Donata Luiselli
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sonia Abdelhak
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rym Kefi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- * E-mail: ,
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9
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Marjani A, Gharanjik AM. Genetic Polymorphism of CYP2C9 Among Sistani Ethnic Group in Gorgan. Indian J Clin Biochem 2017; 33:208-213. [PMID: 29651213 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-017-0660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) is involved in metabolism of many important drugs and its genotype variations is thought to affect drug efficacy and the treatment process. The aim of this study was to assess the distribution of CYP2C9 allele and genotypic variants in Sistani ethnic group, living in Gorgan, South East of Caspian Sea and North East of Iran. This study included 140 Sistani, referred to the health center of Gorgan. CYP2C9 genotyping was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. The allele frequency of CYP2C9*1, CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 was 76.1, 16.1 and 7.8%, respectively. The frequency of CYP2C9*1/*1, CYP2C9*1/*2, CYP2C9*1/*3, CYP2C9*2/*2, CYP2C9*2/*3 and CYP2C9*3/*3 genotypes was 53.9, 22.1, 11.4, 2.9, 4.3% and nil, respectively. In this study the genotypic variations of the CYP2C9 allele among the Sistani ethnic group was investigated and great differences were observed in comparison to other populations. Our findings suggest that different genotypes of CYP2C9 may influence the pharmacokinetics of some drugs. More studies on the pharmacokinetic effects of CYP2C9 genotypes may help physicians choose optimal dosage of some drugs for treatment and prevention of their side effects. Since different ethnic groups from all over the world use medications, it suggests to investigate the pharmacokinetic effects of CYP2C9 genotypes in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoljalal Marjani
- 1Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan Province Iran
| | - Aman Mohammad Gharanjik
- 2Student Research Committee, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan Province Iran
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Qayyum A, Najmi MH, Mansoor Q, Farooqi ZUR, Naveed AK, Hanif A, Kazmi SAR, Ismail M. Frequency of Common CYP2C9 Polymorphisms and Their Impact on Warfarin Dose Requirement in Pakistani Population. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2016; 23:800-806. [PMID: 27313202 DOI: 10.1177/1076029616654264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 (CYP2C9) gene result in interindividual variability in warfarin dose requirement. There is a need for characterization of genotype frequency distribution in different populations for construction of customized dosing algorithms to enhance the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of warfarin therapy. This study was carried out in Pakistani population to evaluate the contribution of common CYP2C9 polymorphisms to warfarin therapy. A total of 550 stable patients taking warfarin were enrolled after medical history, physical examination, and laboratory investigations. Single blood sample was collected after informed consent. Genomic DNA was extracted, and genotype analysis for CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 polymorphisms was done by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. A number of samples were also analyzed by direct DNA sequencing for validation of the results. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Genotype frequency distribution of CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 was found to be different from other populations. Of these 2 polymorphisms, CYP2C9*2 did not demonstrate significant effect on warfarin dose requirement, whereas CYP2C9*3 did show significant effect ( P value = .012). It is concluded that there is a need to study genotype frequency distribution and their effect on warfarin dose variability among different populations due to diversity in outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Qayyum
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Fazaia Medical College, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muzammil Hasan Najmi
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Qaisar Mansoor
- 3 Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zia-Ur-Rehman Farooqi
- 4 Department of Medical Technology, ShifaTameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Khaliq Naveed
- 5 Department of Biochemistry, Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Andleeb Hanif
- 3 Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ismail
- 3 Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Céspedes-Garro C, Fricke-Galindo I, Naranjo MEG, Rodrigues-Soares F, Fariñas H, de Andrés F, López-López M, Peñas-Lledó EM, LLerena A. Worldwide interethnic variability and geographical distribution of CYP2C9 genotypes and phenotypes. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:1893-905. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1111871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Pharmacogenetics aspects of oral anticoagulants therapy. J Med Life 2015; 8:171-5. [PMID: 25866574 PMCID: PMC4392103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Vitamin K antagonists (VKA), such as warfarin and acenocoumarol, are widely used for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic diseases and they are some of the most commonly prescribed types of medications. They are characterized by narrow therapeutic indices and inter-individual or intra-individual variability in response to the treatment. OBJECTIVE to establish the influence of several genetic factors on VKA efficacy and adverse reactions. METHODS AND RESULTS The metabolism of VKA differs depending on their chemical structure: indandiones derivatives (fluindione) or coumarin derivatives (acenocoumarol, phenprocoumon or warfarin). They are mostly metabolized in hepatocytes via a monooxygenase, cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9), resulting in inactive products. The gene encoding CYP2C9 is polymorphic, its genetic variants being associated with differences in the enzymatic activity of CYP2C9. The most important in terms of their frequency in the general population are CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3. Both alleles are associated with a marked decrease in CYP2C9 enzyme activity. VK epoxide reductase (VKOR) is an enzyme with an important role in VK metabolism. Various polymorphisms in the VKORC1 gene have been described. VKORC1*2 haplotype seems to be the most important in relation to the variability in response to VKA. DISCUSSIONS Various studies have shown a relationship between the genotype and the mean warfarin maintenance dosing: in patients carrying 2C9*1/*2 alleles, the dose is reduced by 18-40% in patients carrying 2C9*2/*2 alleles, by 21-49% in patients carrying 2C9*1/*3 alleles. The A allele of the c.-1639G>A polymorphism in the VKORC1 gene is associated with the need for a lower dose of acenocoumarol in patients on anticoagulant therapy. ABBREVIATIONS SNP = Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, VKA = vitamin K antagonists, C1 - VKORC1 = vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit, INR = International Normalized Ratio.
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Krajčíová Ľ, Petrovič R, Déžiová Ľ, Chandoga J, Turčáni P. Frequency of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms influencing the warfarin pharmacogenetics in Slovak population. Eur J Haematol 2014; 93:320-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ľubica Krajčíová
- 1st Department of Neurology; University Hospital; Bratislava Slovakia
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics; Comenius University Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Robert Petrovič
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics; Comenius University Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Ľudmila Déžiová
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics; Comenius University Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Ján Chandoga
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics; Comenius University Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Peter Turčáni
- 1st Department of Neurology; University Hospital; Bratislava Slovakia
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Genotype-phenotype correlations in patients treated with acenocoumarol / Corelaţii genotip-fenotip la pacienţii trataţi cu acenocumarol. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/rrlm-2014-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pop TR, Vesa ŞC, Trifa AP, Crişan S, Buzoianu AD. An acenocoumarol dose algorithm based on a South-Eastern European population. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 69:1901-7. [PMID: 23774941 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-013-1551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM To develop and validate an algorithm for the prediction of therapeutic dose of acenocoumarol in Romanian patients. METHODS The inclusion criteria for entry to the study was age ≥ 18 years and starting acenocoumarol treatment for at least one of the following clinical indications: acute deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs, persistent or permanent atrial fibrillation, and/or the presence of valvular prostheses requiring prolonged oral anticoagulant therapy. The patients were followed up for 3 months. Patients admitted to the internal medicine, cardiology, and geriatrics wards of the Municipal Clinical Hospital, Cluj-Napoca and "Niculae Stăncioiu" Heart Institute between October 2009 and June 2011 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Clinical and demographic data that could influence the acenocoumarol stable dose were recorded for each patient. Genetic analysis included the genotyping the CYP2C9*2 and *3, and the VKORC1 -1693 G > A polymorphisms. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: (1) the main group on which the development of the clinical and genetic algorithms for acenocoumarol dose prediction was based; (2) the validation group. RESULTS The study included 301 patients, of whom 155 were women (51.5 %) and 146 were men (48.5 %). The median age of the patient cohort was 66 (women, 57; men, 73) years. After randomization the main group comprised 200 patients (66.4 %) and the validation group 101 patients (33.6 %). Age and body mass index explained 18.8 % (R (2)) of the variability in acenocoumarol weekly dose in patients in the main group. When the genetic data were added to the algorithm, the CYP2C9*2 and *3 polymorphisms and the VKORC1 -1693 G > A polymorphism accounted for 4.7 and 19. 6 % of acenocoumarol dose variability, respectively. For the main group, we calculated a mean absolute error of 5 mg/week (0.71 mg/day). In the validation group, clinical parameters explained 22.2 % of the weekly acenocoumarol dose variability. Genetic polymorphisms increased the R(2) coefficient to 32.8 %. CONCLUSION We have developed and validated an accurate algorithm for prediction of the stable therapeutic dose of acenocoumarol in a Romania population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor Radu Pop
- 5th Department of Surgery, Municipal Hospital of Cluj-Napoca, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 11th Tăbăcarilor Street, 400139, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
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Krishna Kumar D, Madhan S, Balachander J, Sai Chandran B, Thamijarassy B, Adithan C. Effect of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genetic polymorphisms on mean daily maintenance dose of acenocoumarol in South Indian patients. Thromb Res 2013; 131:363-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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