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Tien CW, Donaldson L, Parra-Farinas C, Micieli JA, Margolin E. Sensitivity of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus in Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia. J Neuroophthalmol 2024; 44:107-111. [PMID: 36626595 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) is a result of insult to the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF). Clinicoradiological correlation in patients with INO has been reported to be poor; however, prior studies have used low resolution MRI imaging techniques and included patients with subclinical INO. We aimed to determine the sensitivity of modern MRI interpreted by a specialist neuroradiologist to detect clinically evident INO. METHODS A retrospective chart review of patients in 2 tertiary University-affiliated neuro-ophthalmology practices with the diagnosis of INO. MRI scans of all patients were reviewed and interpreted by a fellowship-trained neuroradiologist for the presence of lesion in MLF and concordance with the original imaging report. RESULTS Forty-five patients were included in the study: 33 with demyelinating disease, 11 with stroke, and 1 with intracranial mass. A visible MLF lesion was present in 25/33 demyelinating cases and 7/11 ischemic cases. Lesions in 2 cases in each group were identified only after review by a fellowship-trained neuroradiologist. In demyelinating INO, patients with a visible MLF lesion were more likely to show other brainstem (72%) and supratentorial (51%) white matter lesions. CONCLUSIONS In 25% of patients with demyelinating INO and 33% of patients with ischemic INO, no visible lesion was identified on current high-quality MRI imaging. Review of imaging by a neuroradiologist increased the possibility of lesion been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wei Tien
- Faculty of Medicine (C-WT), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences (LD, JAM, EM) and Medical Imaging (CP-F), and Division of Neurology (JAM, EM), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Korona A, Maritsi D, Markante A, Stamati A, Mouskou S, Vartzelis G. Eyes wide open—an atypical presentation of Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS): case report. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-022-00451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Parinaud’s syndrome, also known as dorsal midbrain syndrome, is characterized by a combination of signs, including upgaze palsy, convergence–retraction nystagmus, eyelid retraction and pupillary dissociation. It is caused by pretectal or tegmental lesions of upper brainstem. Miller Fisher syndrome, characterized by the triad of ataxia, areflexia and ophthalmoplegia, has rarely been reported to present as Parinaud’s syndrome in adults. To our knowledge, this clinical manifestation has not been previously described in children.
Case presentation
A previously healthy 13-year-old girl presented with blurred vision and diplopia, 10 days after a viral infection. Initial examination revealed incomplete Parinaud’s syndrome, while rest of neurological examination was normal. Brain imaging (MRI, MRA) did not reveal any abnormal findings and CSF findings were also normal. During the first days after admission she gradually deteriorated, showing complete external ophthalmoplegia, unsteady gait, and absent deep tendon reflexes of lower limbs with normal muscle power. With the clinical suspicion of Miller Fisher syndrome IVIG was administered, leading to subsequent resolution of her symptoms. AntiGQ1b and antiGD1b antibodies came back positive confirming diagnosis. On 1 month follow-up, neurological examination revealed diplopia in left gaze, and a second dose of IVIG was administered with good response. She remains asymptomatic 1 year from disease onset.
Conclusions
Miller Fisher syndrome can rarely present as Parinaud’s syndrome in adults. Herein we described the first pediatric patient with similar clinical presentation. As the typical semiology of ataxia and areflexia may not be present initially, high index of suspicion is required to recognise and treat those patients promptly. Serological detection of anti-ganglioside antibodies, such as anti-GQ1b and anti-GD1b, may help confirm diagnosis.
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MRI findings of optic pathway involvement in Miller Fisher syndrome in 3 pediatric patients and a review of the literature. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 39:63-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2016.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Somer D, Yilmaz A, Tiras Teber S, Cinar FG. Late Presentation of Ataxia, Areflexia, and Electrophysiological Abnormalities as Part of Miller Fisher Syndrome: Case Report. Neuroophthalmology 2016; 40:197-200. [PMID: 27928406 DOI: 10.1080/01658107.2016.1192197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) is characterised by the triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia. A case with external ophthalmoplegia and absence of ataxia and areflexia until the end of second week is presented. Electrophysiological findings became apparent after the third week and showed reduced amplitudes of sensory nerve action potentials and prolonged latencies of F with no evidence of conduction blocks. There was no response to intravenous immunoglobulin, but there was response to corticosteroids. This case may represent an atypical MFS with late presenting electrophysiological abnormalities. Corticosteroids can be a therapeutic option when intravenous immunoglobulin fails to control clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Somer
- Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Ankara Education and Research Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arzu Yilmaz
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serap Tiras Teber
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Ankara University Medical Faculty , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Gul Cinar
- Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Ankara Education and Research Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
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Clarimón J, Kulisevsky J. Parkinson's disease: from genetics to clinical practice. Curr Genomics 2014; 14:560-7. [PMID: 24532987 PMCID: PMC3924250 DOI: 10.2174/1389202914666131210212305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakthroughs in genetics over the last decade have radically advanced our understanding of the etiological basis
of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although much research remains to be done, the main genetic causes of this neurodegenerative
disorder are now partially unraveled, allowing us to feel more confident that our knowledge about the genetic architecture
of PD will continue to increase exponentially. How and when these discoveries will be introduced into general
clinical practice, however, remains uncertain. In this review, we provide a general summary of the progress in the genetics
of PD and discuss how this knowledge will contribute to the diagnosis and clinical management of patients with, or at risk
of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Clarimón
- Neurology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Kulisevsky
- Neurology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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Guilloton L, Camarasa C, Agard E, Tondeur G, Dot C, Drouet A. Ataxie avec ophtalmoplégie : syndrome de Miller-Fisher avec positivité des anticorps anti-GQ1b. J Fr Ophtalmol 2014; 37:89-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2013.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kaymakamzade B, Selcuk F, Koysuren A, Colpak AI, Mut SE, Kansu T. Pupillary Involvement in Miller Fisher Syndrome. Neuroophthalmology 2013; 37:111-115. [PMID: 28163765 DOI: 10.3109/01658107.2013.792356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Miller Fisher Syndrome is characterised by the classical triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia. Ophthalmoparesis without ataxia, without areflexia, or with neither have been attributed as atypical forms of MFS. We report two patients with MFS who had tonic pupils and raised anti-GQ1b antibody titres. Bilateral dilated pupils (either tonic or fixed) can be a manifestation of MFS and anti-GQ1b immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are useful to confirm the diagnosis in unexplained cases. The site of involvement is thought to be the ciliary ganglion or short ciliary nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Kaymakamzade
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Burhan Nalbantoglu State Hospital, Nicosia Northern Cyprus Cyprus
| | - Ferda Selcuk
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Burhan Nalbantoglu State Hospital, Nicosia Northern Cyprus Cyprus
| | - Aydan Koysuren
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University Ankara Turkey
| | - Ayse Ilksen Colpak
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University Ankara Turkey
| | - Senem Ertugrul Mut
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Burhan Nalbantoglu State Hospital, Nicosia Northern Cyprus Cyprus
| | - Tulay Kansu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University Ankara Turkey
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Mori M, Kuwabara S, Yuki N. Fisher syndrome: clinical features, immunopathogenesis and management. Expert Rev Neurother 2012; 12:39-51. [PMID: 22149656 DOI: 10.1586/ern.11.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Since Miller Fisher's first report in 1956, evidence has accumulated about clinical and laboratory features, immunopathogenesis and treatment of Fisher syndrome (FS). Our literature review revealed the nature of FS. It has relatively uniform clinical and laboratory features. Ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia are essential prerequisites for an FS diagnosis, but there are several clinical variants with isolated ophthalmoplegia or ataxia. The discovery of serum anti-GQ1b antibody in FS has led to breakthroughs in FS research. The antibody is thought to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of FS, the understanding of which has progressed owing to the discovery of molecular mimicry between GQ1b and the lipo-oligosaccharides of Campylobacter jejuni and Haemophilus influenzae. The lesions responsible for the clinical symptoms have been debated but are close to clarification. Hence, the pathogenesis of FS has been made much clearer, although there are still some unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Mori
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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Huang ZL, Lin KH, Liu AB, Funakoshi K, Sheu MM, Tsai RK. Acute Ophthalmoplegia with Tonic Pupils. Neuroophthalmology 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/01658100701647548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Bae JS, Kim JK, Kim SH, Kim OK. Bilateral internal ophthalmoplegia as an initial sole manifestation of Miller Fisher syndrome. J Clin Neurosci 2009; 16:963-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2008.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seok Bae
- Department of Neurology, Inje University, College of Medicine, 633-165 Gaegeum-dong, Busanjin-gu, Busan 614-735, Korea.
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Schmidt K, Wolfe DM, Stiller B, Pearce DA. Cd2+, Mn2+, Ni2+ and Se2+ toxicity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking YPK9p the orthologue of human ATP13A2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 383:198-202. [PMID: 19345671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.03.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene YPK9 encodes a putative integral membrane protein which is 58% similar and 38% identical in amino acid sequence to the human lysosomal P(5B) ATPase ATP13A2. Mutations in ATP13A2 have been found in patients with Kufor-Rakeb syndrome, a form of juvenile Parkinsonism. We report that Ypk9p localizes to the yeast vacuole and that deletion of YPK9 confers sensitivity for growth for cadmium, manganese, nickel or selenium. These results suggest that Ypk9p may play a role in sequestration of divalent heavy metal ions. Further studies on the function of Ypk9p/ATP13A2 may help to define the molecular basis of Kufor-Rakeb syndrome and provide a potential link to environmental factors such as heavy metals contributing to some forms of Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn Schmidt
- Center for Neural Development and Disease, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
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Ahn JH, Lee SG. A Case of Anti-GQ1b-Positive Atypical Miller Fisher Syndrome With Pupil Involvement. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2009. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2009.50.4.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hwan Ahn
- Department of Opthalmology, Inje University, Pusan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Sul Gee Lee
- Department of Opthalmology, Inje University, Pusan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
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Lavin MF, Gueven N, Grattan-Smith P. Defective responses to DNA single- and double-strand breaks in spinocerebellar ataxia. DNA Repair (Amst) 2008; 7:1061-76. [PMID: 18467193 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2008.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Failure to maintain the integrity of DNA/chromatin can result in genome instability and an increased risk of cancer. The description of a number of human genetic disorders characterised not only by cancer predisposition but by a broader phenotype including neurodegeneration suggests that maintaining genome stability is also important for preserving post-mitotic neurons. The identification of genes associated with other neurodegenerative disorders provides further evidence for the importance of DNA damage response and DNA repair genes in protecting against neurodegeneration. This theme is further developed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin F Lavin
- Radiation Biology and Oncology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia.
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Abstract
The Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), characterized by ataxia, areflexia, and ophthalmoplegia, was first recognized as a distinct clinical entity in 1956. MFS is mostly an acute, self-limiting condition, but there is anecdotal evidence of benefit with immunotherapy. Pathological data remain scarce. MFS can be associated with infectious, autoimmune, and neoplastic disorders. Radiological findings have suggested both central and peripheral involvement. The anti-GQ1b IgG antibody titer is most commonly elevated in MFS, but may also be increased in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis (BBE). Molecular mimicry, particularly in relation to antecedent Campylobacter jejuni and Hemophilus influenzae infections, is likely the predominant pathogenic mechanism, but the roles of other biological factors remain to be established. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of neuromuscular transmission defects in association with anti-GQ1b IgG antibody, both in vitro and in vivo. Collective findings from clinical, radiological, immunological, and electrophysiological techniques have helped to define MFS, GBS, and BBE as major disorders within the proposed spectrum of anti-GQ1b IgG antibody syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Lo
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, 169608 Singapore.
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Nitta T, Kase M, Shinmei Y, Yoshida K, Chin S, Ohno S. Mydriasis with Light-Near Dissociation in Fisher's Syndrome. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2007; 51:224-7. [PMID: 17554486 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-007-0429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Accepted: 01/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 50% of patients with Fisher's syndrome show involvement of the pupillomotor fibers and present with mydriasis and light-near dissociation. However, it is uncertain whether this phenomenon is induced by an aberrant reinnervation mechanism as in tonic pupil, or is based on other mechanisms such as those associated with tectal pupils. CASES We evaluated the clinical course and the pupillary responses in four of 27 patients with Fisher's syndrome who presented with bilateral mydriasis. OBSERVATIONS The pupils of both eyes of the four patients were involved at the early stage of Fisher's syndrome. The pupils in patients 1 and 2 showed mydriasis with apparent light-near dissociation lasting for a significant period and had denervation supersensitivity to cholinergic agents. On the other hand, the pupils of patients 3 and 4 were dilated and fixed to both light and near stimuli. CONCLUSIONS Our observations indicate that the denervated iris sphincter muscles, which are supersensitive to the cholinergic transmitter, may play an important role in the expression of light-near dissociation in Fisher's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Nitta
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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Becker U, Gahn G, Reichmann H, Herting B. [Miller Fisher syndrome: case report and review with discussion of differential diagnosis and nosology]. DER NERVENARZT 2006; 77:716-21. [PMID: 16575600 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-006-2079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We report a 52-year-old patient with Miller Fisher syndrome and discuss Wernicke's encephalopathy as one important differential diagnosis. This article focuses on diagnostic criteria and possible nosological relations between Miller Fisher syndrome, Guillain-Barré syndrome with ophthalmoplegia, Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis, and acute ophthalmoparesis without ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Becker
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden.
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Abstract
A 50-year-old man experienced the acute onset of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and hyporeflexia. Evaluation led to the diagnosis of Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS). Appropriate evaluation and management of MFS is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Vaphiades
- Department of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, USA
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Korkmaz A, Topaloglu H, Kansu T. Wall eyed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Eur J Neurol 2002; 9:691-2. [PMID: 12453091 DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-1331.2002.00447_5.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To clarify the nosological relation among Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) with ophthalmoplegia, Bickerstaff's brain stem encephalitis (BBE), and acute ophthalmoparesis without ataxia. Serum samples from patients with each condition often have anti-GQ1b IgG antibody. METHODS Information on antecedent illness, initial symptoms, neurological signs during the illness, and CSF findings were reviewed in 194 patients with anti-GQ1b IgG. It was determined whether overlapping MFS and GBS (MFS/GBS), as well as overlapping BBE and GBS (BBE/GBS), is explained by the combined action of anti-GQ1b IgG and anti-GM1 or anti-GD1a IgG, serological markers of GBS. RESULTS Based on the diagnostic criteria, all the patients with acute ophthalmoparesis, MFS, MFS/GBS, BBE/GBS, and BBE had external ophthalmoplegia; all the patients with MFS, MFS/GBS, or GBS had hyporeflexia or areflexia; and all those with MFS and BBE showed ataxia. Tendon reflexes were decreased or absent in 91% of those with BBE/GBS, 67% of those with BBE, and 53% of those with acute ophthalmoparesis. Ataxia was present in 68% of the patients with MFS/GBS and 45% of those with BBE/GBS. Antecedent illness caused by upper respiratory tract infection had occurred in 60% to 80% of these patients, and CSF albuminocytological dissociation in 25% to 75%. Anti-GM1 or anti-GD1a IgG was present in 50% of those with GBS, 35% of those with MFS/GBS, 27% of those with BBE/GBS, 16% of those with MFS, and 8% of those with BBE. CONCLUSIONS These findings together with the common autoantibody (anti-GQ1b IgG) suggest that a common autoimmune mechanism functions in the pathogenesis of these illnesses. In a larger study, it was confirmed clinically that MFS, GBS, BBE, and acute ophthalmoparesis are closely related, forming a continuous range. This is supported by the immunological findings. The term "anti-GQ1b IgG antibody syndrome" is not intended to be used as a clinical diagnosis, but recognition of this syndrome is useful for understanding the aetiological relation among the various illnesses and for introducing the established treatments of GBS for use with other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Odaka
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Kitakobayashi 880, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
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Farah S, Khuraibet AJ, Montaser MA, Hussain HM. Miller Fisher syndrome: unique involvement of ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1995; 97:328-31. [PMID: 8599902 DOI: 10.1016/0303-8467(95)00055-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The clinical, electrophysiological, and radiological features of a patient with a typical Miller Fisher Syndrome are reported. The patient has shown a unique affection of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. The significance of serial electrophysiological testing particularly blink reflex study is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Farah
- Department of Neurology, Ibn Sina Hospital, Safat, Kuwait
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Urushitani M, Udaka F, Kameyama M. Miller Fisher-Guillain-Barré overlap syndrome with enhancing lesions in the spinocerebellar tracts. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995; 58:241-3. [PMID: 7876862 PMCID: PMC1073328 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.58.2.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The site of lesions in Miller Fisher syndrome, especially those causing ataxia, has been controversial. A 50 year old man with features of Miller Fisher syndrome in whom MRI showed enhancing lesions in the spinocerebellar tracts at the level of the lower medulla is reported. Peripheral involvement of cranial nerves was also indicated by an abnormal blink reflex and by clinical manifestations: complete external ophthalmoplegia, bilateral peripheral facial weakness, convergence disturbance, absence of Bell's phenomenon, oculocephalic, and oculovestibular reflex. Abnormal lesions on MRI disappeared and the blink reflex became normal with clinical improvement. The case is regarded as Miller Fisher-Guillain-Barré overlap syndrome, a postinfectious allergic reaction involving both peripheral nerves in the cranium and neuraxis in the spinocerebellar tract. The lesions in the spinocerebellar tracts are responsible for cerebellar ataxia in this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Urushitani
- Department of Neurology, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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