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Amanfo AF, Kyei S, Boakye YD, Akoto CO, Addo JK, Yeboah KO, Osafo N. The Aqueous Stem Bark Extract of Alstonia boonei Exhibits Anticataract Activity in Sprague Dawley Rat. SCIENTIFICA 2023; 2023:5524137. [PMID: 37560323 PMCID: PMC10409581 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5524137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
In Africa, Alstonia boonei is used folklorically for the management of the multitude of conditions including cataract, which accounts for 50% of cases of blindness in the region. The current study set out to probe the traditional use of the aqueous extract of Alstonia boonei stem bark (ABE) as an anticataract remedy using Sprague Dawley rat models. We investigated the probable phytochemical constituents in the extract, in vitro antioxidant potential, and its in vitro aldose reductase inhibition. For the anticataract investigations, diabetic cataract was induced using galactose in 3-week-old Sprague Dawley rats, and age-related cataract was induced by the administration of sodium selenite to 10-day-old rat pups. Cataract scores in both models were determined after treatment with 30, 100, and 300 mgkg-1 doses of ABE and 10 mlkg-1 of distilled water. Lens glutathione, total lens protein, soluble lens proteins (alpha-A) crystallin, and aquaporin 0 levels in the enucleated lens homogenates were determined. Changes in lens to body weight were also determined with histopathological analysis done on the lenses in the selenite-induced cataract model. The presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, and triterpenoids was identified in the extract. The extract inhibited aldose reductase activity with IC50 of 92.30 μgml-1. The 30, 100, and 300 mgkg-1ABE-treated rats recorded significantly (p < 0.05) reduced cataract scores indicating a delay in cataractogenesis in galactose-induced cataract and in selenite-induced cataractogenesis as well. Markers of lens transparency such as AQP0, alpha-A crystallin, and total lens proteins and lens glutathione levels were significantly (p < 0.05) preserved. In conclusion, this study establishes the anticataract potential of the aqueous stem bark extract of Alstonia boonei in Sprague Dawley rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adwoa Frema Amanfo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Samuel Kyei
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Biomedical and Clinical Research Centre, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Yaw Duah Boakye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Clement Osei Akoto
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Kofi Oduro Yeboah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Newman Osafo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
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Frema Amanfo A, Kyei S, Duah Boakye Y, Osei Akoto C, Kwaku Addo J, Oduro Yeboah K, Osafo N. Anticataract Effect of the Aqueous Extract of the Flowers of Aspilia africana in Murine Model of Diabetic and Age-Related Cataracts. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2023; 2023:7867497. [PMID: 37152635 PMCID: PMC10159747 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7867497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of Aspilia africana in traditional medicine for the management of ocular diseases has been reported in India and some indigenous communities of Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate the aqueous extract of the flowers of A. africana (AAE) as an anticataract remedy using murine models of diabetic and senile cataracts. Methods Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract, in vitro antioxidant assays, and in vitro aldose reductase inhibitory activity were performed. For anticataract investigations of the extracts, diabetic cataract was induced by galactose administration in 3-week-old Sprague Dawley rats. The evaluation of experimentally induced age-related cataract was performed by administering sodium selenite to 10-day-old rat pups. Results The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, and saponins. In vitro aldose reductase inhibitory property of the extract on rat lenses revealed that the AAE inhibited the enzyme activity with IC50 of 12.12 µg/ml. For the anticataract investigations, 30, 100, and 300 mg·kg-1AAE-treated rats recorded significantly low (p ≤ 0.0001) cataract scores compared to the negative control rats, indicating a delay in cataractogenesis from the second week of treatment in the galactose-induced cataractogenesis. Similarly, the treatment with AAE caused a significant reduction (p ≤ 0.0001) in cataract scores compared to the negative control rats in the selenite-induced cataractogenesis. Markers of lens transparency, such as aquaporin 0, alpha-A crystallin, and total lens proteins and lens glutathione levels, were significantly preserved (p ≤ 0.05-0.0001) in each cataract model after AAE treatment. Conclusion The study established the anticataract potential of the aqueous extract of flowers of A. africana in murine models, hence giving scientific credence to its folkloric use in the management of cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adwoa Frema Amanfo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Samuel Kyei
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Yaw Duah Boakye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Clement Osei Akoto
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Kofi Oduro Yeboah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Newman Osafo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
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Frankfater C, Bozeman SL, Hsu FF, Andley UP. Alpha-crystallin mutations alter lens metabolites in mouse models of human cataracts. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238081. [PMID: 32833997 PMCID: PMC7446835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataracts are a major cause of blindness worldwide and commonly occur in individuals over 70 years old. Cataracts can also appear earlier in life due to genetic mutations. The lens proteins, αA- and αB-crystallins, are chaperone proteins that have important roles maintaining protein solubility to prevent cataract formation. Mutations in the CRYAA and CRYAB crystallin genes are associated with autosomal dominant early onset human cataracts. Although studies about the proteomic and genomic changes that occur in cataracts have been reported, metabolomics studies are very limited. Here, we directly investigated cataract metabolism using gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze the metabolites in adult Cryaa-R49C and Cryab-R120G knock-in mouse lenses. The most abundant metabolites were myo-inositol, L-(+)-lactic acid, cholesterol, phosphate, glycerol phosphate, palmitic and 9-octadecenoic acids, α-D-mannopyranose, and β-D-glucopyranose. Cryaa-R49C knock-in mouse lenses had a significant decrease in the number of sugars and minor sterols, which occurred in concert with an increase in lactic acid. Cholesterol composition was unchanged. In contrast, Cryab-R120G knock-in lenses exhibited increased total amino acid content including valine, alanine, serine, leucine, isoleucine, glycine, and aspartic acid. Minor sterols, including cholest-7-en-3-ol and glycerol phosphate were decreased. These studies indicate that lenses from Cryaa-R49C and Cryab-R120G knock-in mice, which are models for human cataracts, have unique amino acid and metabolite profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Frankfater
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Stephanie L. Bozeman
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Fong-Fu Hsu
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Usha P. Andley
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
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Atalay HT, Ucgul AY, Turkcu UO, Ozmen MC, Yilmaz S, Bilgihan A. The Effect of Sildenafil on Selenite-Induced Cataract in Rats. Curr Eye Res 2020; 45:1082-1088. [PMID: 32023416 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1726405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of sildenafil on an experimental sodium selenite-induced cataract model in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-six young Wistar rats were separated into four groups. On postpartum day 10, six rats received only selenite (group 1, selenite-induced cataract), seven rats received selenite and high dose oral sildenafil (group 2, high-dose sildenafil-treated), seven rats received selenite and low dose oral sildenafil (group 3, low-dose sildenafil-treated), and six rats received only saline (group 4, controls). On postpartum day 30, cataract formation was graded and recorded using an operating microscope. The rats were sacrificed, lens tissues were isolated, and serum samples were collected. Nitrite oxide metabolites (NOx), advanced oxidative protein products (AOPP), and total sulfhydryl (TSH) levels were assessed in both serum and lenticular samples. RESULTS The rats treated with low-dose sildenafil showed lower levels of AOPP and NOx, and the higher levels of TSH than the rats in other experimental groups. Otherwise, the rats treated with high-dose sildenafil, similar to the selenite-induced cataract group, showed higher levels of AOPP and serum NOx than rats in the low-dose sildenafil-treated group. The rats treated with low-dose sildenafil also showed less cataract development than rats in the other experimental groups. CONCLUSION Low doses (0.7 mg/kg) of oral sildenafil might show a protective effect on cataract development by lowering oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Tuba Atalay
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gazi University Medical School , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yucel Ucgul
- Department of Ophthalmology, Izzet Baysal Training and Research Hospital, Abant Izzet Baysal University , Bolu, Turkey
| | - Ummuhani Ozel Turkcu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Training and Research Hospital, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University , Mugla, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cuneyt Ozmen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gazi University Medical School , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Samet Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gazi University Medical School , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Bilgihan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gazi University Medical School , Ankara, Turkey
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Ergen I, Turgut B, Ilhan N. Comparison of the impact of epigallocatechin gallate and ellagic acid in an experimental cataract model induced by sodium selenite. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:499-506. [PMID: 28503419 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.04.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the potential protective effects of epi-gallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and ellagic acid (EA) in an experimental cataract model. METHODS Twenty-eight Spraque-Dawley rat pups were assigned into four groups. All the rats, except for those in the control group, were injected subcutaneously sodium selenite to induce experimental cataract on the postpartum ninth day, and between 10th and 14th days. Rats in the sham, EGCG, and EA groups were intraperitoneally administered 50 mg/(kg·d) saline solution, 50 mg/(kg·d) EGCG and 200 mg/(kg·d) EA, respectively. The reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) in lens supernatants were measured. RESULTS The mean cataract gradings in EGCG and EA groups were found to be significantly lower than that in sham group (P<0.001). The mean GSH levels and TASs in EGCG and EA groups were significantly higher than that in sham group while mean MDA levels and TOSs in EGCG and EA groups were significantly lower than that in the sham group (P<0.001). CONCLUSION EGCG and EA have protective effects on cataract development via the inhibition of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ergen
- Dışkapı YıldırımBeyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Eye Diseases Clinic, Ankara 06330, Turkey
| | - Burak Turgut
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - Nevin Ilhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey
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Lim JC, Umapathy A, Donaldson PJ. Tools to fight the cataract epidemic: A review of experimental animal models that mimic age related nuclear cataract. Exp Eye Res 2016; 145:432-443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kyei S, Koffuor GA, Ramkissoon P, Afari C, Asiamah EA. The Claim of Anti-Cataract Potential of Heliotropium indicum: A Myth or Reality? Ophthalmol Ther 2015; 4:115-28. [PMID: 26596277 PMCID: PMC4675728 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-015-0042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heliotropium indicum has several uses in traditional medicine attributable to its numerous bioactive compounds. It is used as a traditional remedy for cataracts in Ghana without any scientific verification. This study aimed at verifying the anti-cataract properties of an aqueous whole plant extract of H. indicum. Methods The effect (cataract score) of 30, 100, and 300 mg kg−1 extract (bid for 21 days, per os) on the development of 30 µmol kg−1 sodium selenite-induced cataract in 10-day-old rat pups was investigated. Soluble lens proteins alpha A and alpha B crystallins, total lens protein, total lens glutathione, and aquaporin 0 in enucleated lens homogenates were determined spectrophotometrically using commercially available kits. Histopathological studies on the lenses were also performed. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging effect and linoleic acid autoxidation (antioxidant properties) of the extract (0.1–3.0 mg ml−1), compared to n-propyl gallate, were ascertained using standard procedures. Results Cataract scores showed that the extract, at all dose levels, significantly alleviated selenite-induced cataracts (P ≤ 0.001). Markers of lens transparency (aquaporin 0, alpha A and B crystallins), as well as total lens proteins and lens glutathione levels, were significantly preserved (P ≤ 0.01–0.001). The extract exhibited activity relevant for scavenging free radicals and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Epithelial and lens fiber integrity in the histopathological assessment were maintained with HIE treatment. Conclusion The aqueous whole plant extract of H. indicum significantly inhibited the development of cataracts in rats via multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Kyei
- Discipline of Optometry, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. .,Department of Optometry, School of Allied Health Sciences, College Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - George Asumeng Koffuor
- Discipline of Optometry, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Paul Ramkissoon
- Discipline of Optometry, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Clement Afari
- Department of Optometry and Visual Sciences, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Yanshole LV, Yanshole VV, Snytnikova OA, Fursova AZ, Kolosova NG, Tsentalovich YP, Sagdeev RZ. Effect of SkQ1 eye drops on the rat lens metabolomic composition and the chaperone activity of α-crystallin. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2015; 464:341-5. [PMID: 26518564 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672915050191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The ability of SkQ1 eye drops to slow down the cataract development is demonstrated on the senescence-accelerated OXYS rats: the SkQ1 treatment leads to the considerable improvement of the lens condition as compared to the control group. The comparison of the chaperone activities of α-crystallins isolated from the rat lenses did not reveal significant difference between SkQ1-treated and control rats. The contents of major metabolites (23 compounds) in lenses of SkQ1-treated and untreated rats are also very similar, though the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) in lenses of SkQ1-treated rats is 12% lower. This difference may be attributed to the reduction of the oxidative stress under action of SkQ1 eye drops, and to the decreased requirement to produce high amounts of this antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Yanshole
- International Tomography Center of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of the Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia. .,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - V V Yanshole
- International Tomography Center of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of the Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - O A Snytnikova
- International Tomography Center of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of the Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A Zh Fursova
- Novosibirsk State Regional Clinical Hospital, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N G Kolosova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of the Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yu P Tsentalovich
- International Tomography Center of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of the Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - R Z Sagdeev
- International Tomography Center of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of the Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Tsentalovich YP, Verkhovod TD, Yanshole VV, Kiryutin AS, Yanshole LV, Fursova AZ, Stepakov DA, Novoselov VP, Sagdeev RZ. Metabolomic composition of normal aged and cataractous human lenses. Exp Eye Res 2015; 134:15-23. [PMID: 25773987 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative metabolomic profiles of normal and cataractous human lenses were obtained with the combined use of high-frequency nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass-spectrometric detection (LC-MS) methods. The concentration of more than fifty metabolites in the lens cortex and nucleus has been determined. For the majority of metabolites, their concentrations in the lens cortex and nucleus are similar, which confirms low metabolic activity in the lens core. The difference between the metabolite levels in the cortex and nucleus of the normal lens is observed for antioxidants and UV filters, which demonstrates the activity of redox processes in the lens. A huge difference is found between the metabolomic compositions of normal and age-matched cataractous lenses: the concentrations of almost all metabolites in the normal lens are higher than in the cataractous one. The most pronounced difference is observed for compounds playing a key role in the lens cell protection and metabolic activity, including antioxidants, UV filters, and osmolytes. The results obtained imply that the development of the age-related cataracts might originate from the metabolic dysfunction of the lens epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri P Tsentalovich
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Timofey D Verkhovod
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Vadim V Yanshole
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexey S Kiryutin
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Lyudmila V Yanshole
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Anjella Zh Fursova
- Novosibirsk State Regional Clinical Hospital, Nemirovicha-Danchenko 130, Novosibirsk 630087, Russia
| | - Denis A Stepakov
- Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Nemirovicha-Danchenko 134, Novosibirsk 630087, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Novoselov
- Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Nemirovicha-Danchenko 134, Novosibirsk 630087, Russia
| | - Renad Z Sagdeev
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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10
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Yanshole VV, Snytnikova OA, Kiryutin AS, Yanshole LV, Sagdeev RZ, Tsentalovich YP. Metabolomics of the rat lens: a combined LC-MS and NMR study. Exp Eye Res 2014; 125:71-8. [PMID: 24910091 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This work is the first comprehensive report on the quantitative metabolomic composition of the rat lens. Quantitative metabolomic profiles of lenses were acquired with the combined use of high-frequency nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass-spectrometric detection (LC-MS) methods. More than forty low molecular weight compounds found in the lens have been reliably identified and quantified. The most abundant metabolites in the 3-month-old Wistar rat lens are taurine, hypotaurine, lactate, phosphocholine and reduced glutathione. The analysis of age-related changes in the lens metabolomic composition shows a gradual decrease of the content of most metabolites. This decrease is the most pronounced between 1 and 3 months, which probably corresponds to the completion of the lens maturation in one-month-old rats and to the high rate of the young lens growth. The enhanced levels of tryptophan, tyrosine, carnitine, glycerophosphate, GSH and GSSG were found in lenses of senescence-accelerated OXYS rats; for some metabolites, this effect may probably be attributed to the compensatory response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V Yanshole
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Olga A Snytnikova
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexey S Kiryutin
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Lyudmila V Yanshole
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Renad Z Sagdeev
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yuri P Tsentalovich
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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11
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Qi HP, Wei SQ, Zhang LQ, Gao XC, Yu NN, Bi S, Cui H. Preventive effect of danshensu on selenite-induced cataractogenesis in cultured rat lens. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012; 41:172-9. [PMID: 22712555 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2012.02837.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the preventive effect of danshensu on the selenite-induced opacification of cultured rat lenses. METHODS Isolated lens were divided into three groups with eight lenses in each group. Group I: lenses were incubated with M199 medium alone; Group II: incubated in M199 containing 200 µmol/L sodium selenite; Group III: incubated in M199 containing 200 µmol/L sodium selenite and 500 µmol/L danshensu. Selenite was administered on the third day, and danshensu treatment was from the second to the fifth day. Cataracts development was observed using an inverted microscope, and the lenses were analysed for total anti-oxidative capabilities, mean activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase; levels of reduced glutathione; malondialdehyde; and total sulfhydryl content. RESULTS All lenses in Group I were clear, whereas all lenses in Group II developed dense vacuolization and opacification. In Group III, 25% lenses revealed minimal vacuolization, and 75% showed no opacification or vacuolization. Total anti-oxidative capabilities and the mean activities of anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase; levels of glutathione; and total sulfhydryl content were elevated, and the level of malondialdehyde was decreased following treatment with danshensu compared with Group II. CONCLUSION The anti-oxidative properties of danshensu may play a major role in its contribution to the anticataract effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ping Qi
- Departments of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Different experimental approaches in modelling cataractogenesis: An overview of selenite-induced nuclear cataract in rats. Interdiscip Toxicol 2010; 3:3-14. [PMID: 21217865 PMCID: PMC2984119 DOI: 10.2478/v10102-010-0005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataract, the opacification of eye lens, is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. At present, the only remedy is surgical removal of the cataractous lens and substitution with a lens made of synthetic polymers. However, besides significant costs of operation and possible complications, an artificial lens just does not have the overall optical qualities of a normal one. Hence it remains a significant public health problem, and biochemical solutions or pharmacological interventions that will maintain the transparency of the lens are highly required. Naturally, there is a persistent demand for suitable biological models. The ocular lens would appear to be an ideal organ for maintaining culture conditions because of lacking blood vessels and nerves. The lens in vivo obtains its nutrients and eliminates waste products via diffusion with the surrounding fluids. Lens opacification observed in vivo can be mimicked in vitro by addition of the cataractogenic agent sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) to the culture medium. Moreover, since an overdose of sodium selenite induces also cataract in young rats, it became an extremely rapid and convenient model of nuclear cataract in vivo. The main focus of this review will be on selenium (Se) and its salt sodium selenite, their toxicological characteristics and safety data in relevance of modelling cataractogenesis, either under in vivo or in vitro conditions. The studies revealing the mechanisms of lens opacification induced by selenite are highlighted, the representatives from screening for potential anti-cataract agents are listed.
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Abstract
Metabonomics is a new technology providing broad information about dynamic metabolic responses in living systems to pathophysiological stimuli or genetic modification. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the most powerful methods in metabonomics; it is utilized to establish the metabolic profiles of biofluids, and is practically the only method capable of examining intact tissue samples. Experience with the application of metabonomics in eye research is still limited, yet this method provides the possibility of exploring metabolic processes in the eye in vivo. This article presents a brief background to the usefulness of metabonomics, and the possible applications of an NMR-based technique in eye research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Midelfart
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology and University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
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The effect of single and repeated UVB radiation on rabbit lens. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2008; 246:551-8. [PMID: 18193260 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-007-0747-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our previous investigations, a significant cumulative effect of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on the corneal and aqueous humour metabolic profiles was revealed. The purpose of the present study was to monitor the alterations in the rabbit lenses under the same experimental design and thereby supplement and complete prior findings. METHODS Albino rabbit eyes were exposed to single (312 nm, 3.12 J/cm2) or repeated (312 nm, 3 x 1.04 J/cm2) UVB irradiations of the same overall doses. Lenticular samples were analysed by high resolution magic angle spinning proton nuclear magnetic resonance (HR-MAS 1H NMR) spectroscopy. Special grouping patterns between the UVB-irradiated and untreated control samples were evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA). Percentage alterations in the lenticular metabolite concentrations from UVR-B exposed rabbits were calculated relative to the levels in the control group. RESULTS UVB irradiation of the albino rabbit lenses resulted in a significant decrease in the concentrations of antioxidants (glutathione), osmolytes (taurine, myoinositol) and amino acids (alanine), and a concomitant elevation in the contents of a sugar-related compound, sorbitol. Repeated UVR-B exposure of the rabbit eye had a stronger effect on the lenticular metabolic profile than a single irradiation of the same overall dose. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the cumulative effect of repeated UVB irradiations, and shows that even a 48-hour interval between subsequent UVR-B exposures is not sufficient for the healing processes to restore lenticular integrity.
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Fris M, Cejková J, Midelfart A. Changes in aqueous humour following single or repeated UVB irradiation of rabbit cornea. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2007; 245:1705-11. [PMID: 17605025 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-007-0620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Revised: 05/05/2007] [Accepted: 05/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aqueous humour is the main nutritive source for corneal and lenticular tissues, and knowledge of a possible cumulative effect of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on its metabolic profile might be of great help in the assessment of cataract risks. By using high-resolution (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, it was possible to evaluate the effect of a single and repeated UVB radiation of the rabbit eye with the same overall dose on the aqueous humour. METHODS Samples of aqueous humour from twenty-four albino white rabbit eyes were examined for the effects of UVB exposure (312 nm). In the first group (UVB1), four animals were irradiated with a single dose 3.12 J/cm(2) (21 minutes) of UVB radiation. The animals in the second group (UVB2, n = 4) were irradiated three times for 7 minutes every 2nd day (dose of 1.04 J/cm(2); days 1, 3, 5) to give the same overall dose (3.12 J/cm(2)). The third group (n = 4) served as an untreated control group. (1)H NMR spectra of aqueous humour from all eyes were obtained. Special grouping patterns among the tissue samples and relative percentage changes in particular metabolite concentrations were evaluated using appropriate statistical methods (multivariate analysis, Independent sample t-test). RESULTS Significant alterations in the metabolic profile of aqueous humour from UVR-B exposed rabbit eyes and an apparent cumulative effect of repeated UVB irradiation were observed. CONCLUSIONS Application of a Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill spin echo pulse sequence was found to have a great advantage for correct analysis of the results obtained with NMR spectroscopy of aqueous humour from eyes where increase of protein level due to an inflammatory process could not be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Fris
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
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Fris M, Midelfart A. Postnatal biochemical changes in rat lens: an important factor in cataract models. Curr Eye Res 2007; 32:95-103. [PMID: 17364742 DOI: 10.1080/02713680601126066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Administration of several cataractogenic agents is effective during the first 21 days of rat lens development, a period of the highest sensitivity of the tissue. Thus, cataract formation and lens maturation affect the biochemical profile of rat lens simultaneously and might be difficult to evaluate separately. The purpose of this study was to use high-resolution magic angle spinning proton nuclear magnetic resonance (HR-MAS 1H NMR) to investigate exclusively the effect of maturation on the metabolic profile of rat lens. METHODS Albino Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 15) were divided into five groups of three animals and sacrificed at designated times (7, 14, 20, 30, and 60 days). The lenses were dissected, frozen, and thereafter analyzed with HR-MAS 1H NMR spectroscopy. Special grouping patterns among the tissue samples of different age and the relative percentage changes in particular metabolite concentrations were evaluated using appropriate statistical methods (principal components, one-way ANOVA). RESULTS Time-dependent alterations in the metabolic profile of the rat lens tissue were dominated by a significant increase in taurine, hypo-taurine, and myoinositol concentrations at the age of 30 days. Contents of the energy metabolites and amino acids were nearly constant between the ages of 14 and 30 days, showing a significant decrease in the 60-day-old rat lenses. CONCLUSIONS HR-MAS 1H NMR spectroscopy showed its suitability to assess the natural alterations in the metabolic profile of maturing rat lens. The results can be used in future cataract research designed to evaluate the metabolic effect of different cataractogenic agents during this postnatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Fris
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7489 Trondheim, Norway.
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