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Ashander LM, Lie S, Ma Y, Rochet E, Washington JM, Furtado JM, Appukuttan B, Smith JR. Neutrophil Activities in Human Ocular Toxoplasmosis: An In Vitro Study With Human Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 60:4652-4660. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-28306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liam M. Ashander
- Eye & Vision Health, Flinders University College of Medicine & Public Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shervi Lie
- Eye & Vision Health, Flinders University College of Medicine & Public Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yuefang Ma
- Eye & Vision Health, Flinders University College of Medicine & Public Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Elise Rochet
- Eye & Vision Health, Flinders University College of Medicine & Public Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jennifer M. Washington
- Eye & Vision Health, Flinders University College of Medicine & Public Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - João M. Furtado
- Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Binoy Appukuttan
- Eye & Vision Health, Flinders University College of Medicine & Public Health, Adelaide, Australia
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine & Public Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Justine R. Smith
- Eye & Vision Health, Flinders University College of Medicine & Public Health, Adelaide, Australia
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine & Public Health, Adelaide, Australia
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Early serum biomarker networks in infants with distinct retinochoroidal lesion status of congenital toxoplasmosis. Cytokine 2017; 95:102-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Pomares C, Holmes TH, Estran R, Press CJ, Ramirez R, Talucod J, Maecker H, Rosenberg-Hasson Y, Montoya JG. Cytokine profiles in patients with toxoplasmic lymphadenitis in the setting of pregnancy. Cytokine 2016; 90:14-20. [PMID: 27744174 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Majority of Toxoplasma gondii infections are benign and asymptomatic; however, some patients experience toxoplasmic lymphadenitis (TL). Factors associated as to whether infection will be symptomatic or not are unknown. METHODS Dye test titers of patients with acute toxoplasmosis (pregnant and not pregnant) with TL (TL+) were compared with those in patients with asymptomatic acute infection (TL-). Additionally, mean levels of 62 serum cytokines were compared between TL+ and TL- pregnant women and between TL+ pregnant and non-pregnant women. RESULTS During acute infection, mean dye test titer was higher in TL+ than in TL- patients (p=0.021). In addition, out of 62 cytokines, CXCL9andCXCL10 levels were higher (p<0.05) and resistin mean levels were lower (p<0.05) in pregnant women with TL+ compared to TL-. Among patients with TL+, levels of VCAM1andCCL2 were lower (p<0.05) in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women. CONCLUSION Here we report differences in dye test titers in patients with acute infection. Cytokine responses vary according to the presence of TL+ and to the pregnancy status. Factors underlying these differences are presently unknown and require further studies to define individual and combined roles of cytokines in TL+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Pomares
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Toxoplasma Serology Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, C3M, Toxines Microbiennes dans la Relation Hôte Pathogènes - Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis d, Faculté de Médecine, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France; Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire l'Archet e, CS 23079, 06202 Nice Cedex 3, France.
| | - Tyson H Holmes
- Stanford University Human Immune Monitoring Centre, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Cynthia J Press
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Toxoplasma Serology Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Raymund Ramirez
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Toxoplasma Serology Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jeanne Talucod
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Toxoplasma Serology Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Holden Maecker
- Department of Immunology, Fairchild Science Building, D033, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5124, USA
| | - Yael Rosenberg-Hasson
- Department of Immunology, Fairchild Science Building, D033, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5124, USA
| | - Jose G Montoya
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Toxoplasma Serology Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Mammari N, Vignoles P, Halabi MA, Darde ML, Courtioux B. In vitro infection of human nervous cells by two strains of Toxoplasma gondii: a kinetic analysis of immune mediators and parasite multiplication. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98491. [PMID: 24886982 PMCID: PMC4041771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The severity of toxoplasmic infection depends mainly on the immune status of the host, but also on the Toxoplasma gondii strains, which differ by their virulence profile. The relationship between the human host and T. gondii has not yet been elucidated because few studies have been conducted on human models. The immune mechanisms involved in the persistence of T. gondii in the brains of immunocompetent subjects and during the reactivation of latent infections are still unclear. In this study, we analyzed the kinetics of immune mediators in human nervous cells in vitro, infected with two strains of T. gondii. Human neuroblast cell line (SH SY5Y), microglial (CMH5) and endothelial cells (Hbmec) were infected separately by RH (type I) or PRU (type II) strains for 8 h, 14 h, 24 h and 48 h (ratio 1 cell: 2 tachyzoites). Pro-inflammatory protein expression was different between the two strains and among different human nervous cells. The cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and the chemokines MCP-1 and GROα, and SERPIN E1 were significantly increased in CMH5 and SH SY5Y at 24 h pi. At this point of infection, the parasite burden declined in microglial cells and neurons, but remained high in endothelial cells. This differential effect on the early parasite multiplication may be correlated with a higher production of immune mediators by neurons and microglial cells compared to endothelial cells. Regarding strain differences, PRU strain, but not RH strain, stimulates all cells to produce pro-inflammatory growth factors, G-CSF and GM-CSF. These proteins could increase the inflammatory effect of this type II strain. These results suggest that the different protein expression profiles depend on the parasitic strain and on the human nervous cell type, and that this could be at the origin of diverse brain lesions caused by T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Mammari
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology Institute, Limoges, France; University of Limoges, National Center for Scientific Research France 3503 Institute of Genomic, Environment, Immunity, Health and Therapy, Limoges, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Philippe Vignoles
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology Institute, Limoges, France; University of Limoges, National Center for Scientific Research France 3503 Institute of Genomic, Environment, Immunity, Health and Therapy, Limoges, France
| | - Mohamad Adnan Halabi
- National Center for Scientific Research France 7276, France 3503 Institute of Genomic, Environment, Immunity, Health and Therapy, University of Limoges, Faculty of Pharmacy, Limoges, France
| | - Marie Laure Darde
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology Institute, Limoges, France; University of Limoges, National Center for Scientific Research France 3503 Institute of Genomic, Environment, Immunity, Health and Therapy, Limoges, France
- Universitary Hospital, Department of Parasitology, Biological Resource Centre for Toxoplasma, Limoges, France
| | - Bertrand Courtioux
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology Institute, Limoges, France; University of Limoges, National Center for Scientific Research France 3503 Institute of Genomic, Environment, Immunity, Health and Therapy, Limoges, France
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Ocular toxoplasmosis past, present and new aspects of an old disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2014; 39:77-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Rey A, Molins B, Llorenç V, Pelegrín L, Mesquida M, Adán A. Cytokine profiling reveals decreased serum levels of CCL2 in active ocular toxoplasmosis. Br J Ophthalmol 2013; 97:1338-42. [PMID: 23878135 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii infection is an important cause of ocular disease. Although parasite-mediated host cell lysis is probably the principal cause of tissue destruction in immunodeficiency states, hypersensitivity and inflammatory responses may underlie severe disease in otherwise immunocompetent individuals. The purpose of the current investigation was to study the cytokine profiles in serum from patients with ocular toxoplasmosis and to compare them with those obtained from healthy control subjects. METHODS Using a multiplex assay, we determined the serum concentration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), interferon γ (IFNγ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) in patients with inactive ocular toxoplasmosis (n=48), active ocular toxoplasmosis (n=21), and an age-matched and sex-matched healthy control group (n=25). In a subgroup of 17 patients with active disease, a second serum sample was obtained when the disease was inactive. Cytokine profiles were correlated with disease activity, severity and visual outcome. RESULTS Levels of CCL2 were significantly reduced in patients with active ocular toxoplasmosis compared to the control group (564 ± 42 pg/mL vs 455 ± 35 pg/mL, p<0.05). Moreover, CCL2 levels were significantly lower during active ocular toxoplasmosis compared to inactive disease (569 ± 32 pg/mL vs 433 ± 32 pg/mL, p<0.01). GCSF and TNFα were elevated in patients with toxoplasmosis with poor visual outcome. No significant correlations were found with specific cytokine profiles and disease severity. CONCLUSIONS Decreased serum levels of CCL2 may be associated with active ocular toxoplasmosis and could therefore serve as a marker of disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rey
- Institut Clínic d'Oftalmología, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, , Barcelona, Spain
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Bessa TF, Cordeiro CA, Gonçalves RM, Young LH, Campos WR, Oréfice F, Teixeira AL. Increased serum levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 (sTNFR2) in patients with active toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Braz J Infect Dis 2012; 16:540-4. [PMID: 23141990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the serum levels of the cytokine TNF-α and its soluble receptors (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) in patients with toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis (TR) and controls. 37 patients with TR and 30 subjects with positive serology for toxoplasmosis but without history and signs of uveitis were included in this study. Serum concentrations of TNF-α, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 were determined by ELISA. Serum concentrations of TNF-α and sTNFR1 were similar in controls (mean ± SD median values; 56.57±141.96 and 504.37±163.87, respectively) and TR patients (mean ± SD values, 121.62±217.56 and 511.15±189.30, respectively). Serum concentrations of sTNFR2 were higher in the uveitis group when compared to the control group (respectively, mean ± SD values, 1734.84±379.32 and 1442.75±309.47; p=0.002). There was no association between the serum levels of the molecules and the time of first symptoms, severity of vitreous haze, size or localization of active lesions, levels of visual acuity, and presence of vasculitis. These results suggest that TR is associated with changes in the circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers, but they are not correlated with local/ocular signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Fontes Bessa
- Uveitis Section, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Belfort RN, Rasmussen S, Kherani A, Lodha N, Williams G, Fernandes BF, Burnier MN. Bilateral progressive necrotizing retinochoroiditis in an immunocompromised patient: histopathological diagnosis. Acta Ophthalmol 2010; 88:614-5. [PMID: 19094169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2008.01416.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubens N Belfort
- Department of Ophthalmology and Pathology, The McGill University Health Center and Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Montreal, Canada.
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Garweg JG, Candolfi E. Immunopathology in ocular toxoplasmosis: facts and clues. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2009; 104:211-20. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762009000200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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