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Alizadehmohajer N, Shojaeifar S, Nedaeinia R, Esparvarinha M, Mohammadi F, Ferns GA, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Manian M, Balouchi A. Association between the microbiota and women's cancers - Cause or consequences? Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110203. [PMID: 32559847 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast, ovarian and uterine cancers are the most common neoplasms among women. Several mechanisms may be involved in oncogenesis and these include environmental and genetic factors. Bacteria may affect the development of some cancers, with bacterial components, their products and metabolites interacting with susceptible tissues. Commensalism and dysbiosis are important potential mechanisms involved in oncogenesis, and an effective strategy for diagnosis and treatment is required. The purpose of this review was to analyze the complex associations between these cancers in women, and the microbiota, specifically bacterial microbes. However, several cancers have an increased prevalence among individuals with HIV and HPV so the relationship between viral infections and malignancies in women is also referred to. We described how different phylum of bacteria, particularly in the gut, mammary tissue and vaginal microbiome may be involved in carcinogenesis; and we discuss the potential pathways involved: (I), that lead to cell proliferation, (II), immune system perturbation, (III), cell metabolic changes (e.g., hormonal factors), and (IV), DNA damage. Studies investigating the differences between the composition of the bacterial microbiota of healthy women compared to that present in various conditions, and the clinical trials are summarized for the few studies that have addressed the microbiota and related conditions, are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Alizadehmohajer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Samaneh Shojaeifar
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Reza Nedaeinia
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mojgan Esparvarinha
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Forogh Mohammadi
- Department of Veterinary, Agriculture Faculty, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Manian
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Adele Balouchi
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran.
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Kristensen VN, Tsalenko A, Geisler J, Faldaas A, Grenaker GI, Lingjærde OC, Fjeldstad S, Yakhini Z, Lønning PE, Børresen-Dale AL. Multilocus analysis of SNP and metabolic data within a given pathway. BMC Genomics 2006; 7:5. [PMID: 16412218 PMCID: PMC1382210 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-7-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2004] [Accepted: 01/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex traits, which are under the influence of multiple and possibly interacting genes, have become a subject of new statistical methodological research. One of the greatest challenges facing human geneticists is the identification and characterization of susceptibility genes for common multifactorial diseases and their association to different quantitative phenotypic traits. RESULTS Two types of data from the same metabolic pathway were used in the analysis: categorical measurements of 18 SNPs; and quantitative measurements of plasma levels of several steroids and their precursors. Using the combinatorial partitioning method we tested various thresholds for each metabolic trait and each individual SNP locus. One SNP in CYP19, 3UTR, two SNPs in CYP1B1 (R48G and A119S) and one in CYP1A1 (T461N) were significantly differently distributed between the high and low level metabolic groups. The leave one out cross validation method showed that 6 SNPs in concert make 65% correct prediction of phenotype. Further we used pattern recognition, computing the p-value by Monte Carlo simulation to identify sets of SNPs and physiological characteristics such as age and weight that contribute to a given metabolic level. Since the SNPs detected by both methods reside either in the same gene (CYP1B1) or in 3 different genes in immediate vicinity on chromosome 15 (CYP19, CYP11 and CYP1A1) we investigated the possibility that they form intragenic and intergenic haplotypes, which may jointly account for a higher activity in the pathway. We identified such haplotypes associated with metabolic levels. CONCLUSION The methods reported here may enable to study multiple low-penetrance genetic factors that together determine various quantitative phenotypic traits. Our preliminary data suggest that several genes coding for proteins involved in a common pathway, that happen to be located on common chromosomal areas and may form intragenic haplotypes, together account for a higher activity of the whole pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jurgen Geisler
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Faldaas
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Grethe Irene Grenaker
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | - Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
- University in Oslo, Faculty Division Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Atienzar FA, Billinghurst Z, Depledge MH. 4-n-Nonylphenol and 17-beta estradiol may induce common DNA effects in developing barnacle larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2002; 120:735-738. [PMID: 12442797 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(02)00184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing concern over the potential effects of environmental endocrine disrupters on both human and wildlife populations. However, to date, minimal research has been conducted to determine the effect of estrogens and xenoestrogens at the DNA level. In this study, we used the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay to evaluate the effects on the genomic DNA of barnacle larvae that had been exposed to 17beta-estradiol (E2) and low concentrations of 4-n-nonylphenol (NP). DNA effects include DNA damage as well as mutations and possibly other effects at the DNA level that can be induced by chemical or physical agents that directly and/or indirectly interact with genomic DNA. Not only did exposure to NP and E2 induce changes in RAPD profiles in the exposed barnacle larvae when compared to control patterns, but also, and more importantly, there were similarities in the RAPD modifications in the exposed populations that had been treated to either chemical. We propose that NP and E2 induced some common DNA effects in barnacle larvae and that these specific modifications in RAPD patterns may arise as a consequence of hot spot DNA damage (e.g. DNA adducts) and/or mutations (point mutations or genomic rearrangements). This could help to explain how xenoestrogens mimic the effects produced by natural estrogens. In conclusion, in the field of endocrine disruption, the study of DNA effects induced by estrogens and/or xenoestrogens warrants further investigation. Indeed, changes at the DNA levcl may be the precursors of some of the numerous effects reported at higher levels of biological organisation such as the feminization of males, developmental abnormalities, and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck A Atienzar
- Plymouth Environmental Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK.
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