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Gera R, Singh V, Mitra S, Sharma AK, Singh A, Dasgupta A, Singh D, Kumar M, Jagdale P, Patnaik S, Ghosh D. Arsenic exposure impels CD4 commitment in thymus and suppress T cell cytokine secretion by increasing regulatory T cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7140. [PMID: 28769045 PMCID: PMC5541098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07271-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is globally infamous for inducing immunosuppression associated with prevalence of opportunistic infection in exposed population, although the mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we investigate the effect of arsenic exposure on thymocyte lineage commitment and the involvement of regulatory T cells (Treg) in arsenic-induced immunosuppression. Male Balb/c mice were exposed to 0.038, 0.38 and 3.8 ppm sodium arsenite for 7, 15 and 30 days through oral gavage. Arsenic exposure promoted CD4 lineage commitment in a dose dependent manner supported by the expression of ThPOK in thymus. Arsenic also increased splenic CD4+ T cells and promoted their differentiation into Treg cells. In parallel, arsenic exposure induced immunosuppression characterized by low cytokine secretion from splenocytes and increased susceptibility to Mycobacterium fortuitum (M. fortuitum) infection. Therefore, we linked arsenic-induced rise in Treg cells with suppressed Th1 and Th2 related cytokines, which has been reversed by inhibition of Treg cells in-vivo using wortmannin. Other parameters like body weight, kidney and liver function, histoanatomy of thymus and spleen as well as thymocyte and splenocytes viability were unaltered by arsenic exposure. Taken together our findings indicated that environmentally relevant dose of arsenic enhanced differentiation of Treg cells which in turn induce immunosuppression in experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Gera
- Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Vikas Singh
- Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Sumonto Mitra
- Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj Kumar Sharma
- Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Singh
- Microbiology, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arunava Dasgupta
- Microbiology, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dhirendra Singh
- Regulatory toxicology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mahadeo Kumar
- Regulatory toxicology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Jagdale
- Regulatory toxicology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satyakam Patnaik
- Water Analysis Laboratory, Nanotherapeutics and Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debabrata Ghosh
- Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Caniceiro BD, Latorre AO, Fukumasu H, Sanches DS, Haraguchi M, Górniak SL. Immunosuppressive effects of Pteridium aquilinum enhance susceptibility to urethane-induced lung carcinogenesis. J Immunotoxicol 2014; 12:74-80. [PMID: 24552549 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2014.885619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern), one of the most important toxic plants in the world, contains the toxic norsequiterpene ptaquiloside that induces cancers in humans and farm animals. Previous studies in the laboratory demonstrated immunotoxic effects produced by ptaquiloside, which are characterized by suppression of natural killer (NK) cell activity (i.e. cytotoxicity and interferon [IFN]-γ production). However, it is unknown whether these immunosuppressive effects could contribute to carcinogenesis in situ in general because of the important function of NK cells in innate killing of tumor cells. This study assessed the impact of P. aquilinum-induced immunosuppression on urethane-induced lung cancer in C57BL/6 mice. Adult mice were treated with an extract of P. aquilinum (30 g/kg/day) by gavage once daily for 14 days, followed by gavage (5 days/week) during an 11-week period that was accompanied by treatment with urethane (1 g/kg) via once-weekly intraperitoneal injection; 20 weeks after the end of the treatment period, all lungs were evaluated. The results indicated there was a significant increase in lung nodule number as well as in multiplicity of lesions in mice treated with both P. aquilinum and urethane (PU group) compared to values in mice treated only with the urethane (U group). In addition, histologic evaluation revealed a 76% increase in the rate of lung adenomas and a 41% increase in rate of bronchiolization of alveoli in the mice from the PU group compared to levels seen in mice within the U group. Taken together, the results here show for the first time that immunosuppressive effects of P. aquilinum could increase the risk of cancer formation in exposed hosts.
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Jablonski J, Jablonska E, Leonik A. The effect of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) on Bax and Mcl-1 expression in human neutrophils. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2011; 87:638-42. [PMID: 21947543 PMCID: PMC3223349 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-011-0400-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we examined a role of pro-apoptotic Bax and anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 proteins, participating in the regulation of intrinsic apoptosis pathway in human neutrophils (PMNs) exposed to N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), the environmental xenobiotic. For the purpose comparison, the same studies were conducted in autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The production of cytochrome c by PMNs was also determined. A deficit of anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 and overexpression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax suggest that the apoptosis process in human neutrophils exposed to NDMA is dependent on changes in the expression of these proteins. PMNs were more sensitive to NDMA than PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Jablonski
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland.
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Andaloussi AE, Han Y, Lesniak MS. Progression of intracranial glioma disrupts thymic homeostasis and induces T-cell apoptosis in vivo. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2008; 57:1807-16. [PMID: 18392618 PMCID: PMC11030257 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-008-0508-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Accepted: 03/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The thymus is the site where all T-cell precursors develop, mature, and subsequently leave as mature T-cells. Since the mechanisms that mediate and regulate thymic apoptosis are not fully understood, we utilized a syngenic GL261 murine glioma model to further elucidate the fate of T-cells in tumor bearing C57BL/6 mice. First, we found a dramatic reduction in the size of the thymus accompanied by a decrease in thymic cellularity in response to glioma growth in the brains of affected mice. There was a marked reduction of double positive subset and an increase in the frequency of CD4(+) and CD8(+) single positive T-cell subsets. Analysis of double negative thymocytes showed an increase in the accumulation of CD44(+) cells. In contrast, there was a marked loss of CD44 and CD122 expression in CD4(+) and CD8(+) subsets. The growth of intracranial tumors was also associated with decreased levels of HO-1, a mediator of anti-apoptotic function, and increased levels of Notch-1 and its ligand, Jagged-1. To determine whether thymic atrophy could be due to the effect of Notch and its ligand expression by glioma in vivo, we performed a bone marrow transplant experiment. Our results suggest that Notch-1 and its ligand Jagged-1 can induce apoptosis of thymocytes, thereby influencing thymic development, immune system homeostasis, and function of the immune cells in a model of experimental glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdeljabar El Andaloussi
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave MC 3026, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
- Division of Neurosurgery and Neuro-oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, The University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Yu Han
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave MC 3026, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Maciej S. Lesniak
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave MC 3026, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
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Nohara K, Ao K, Miyamoto Y, Suzuki T, Imaizumi S, Tateishi Y, Omura S, Tohyama C, Kobayashi T. Arsenite-Induced Thymus Atrophy is Mediated by Cell Cycle Arrest: A Characteristic Downregulation of E2F-Related Genes Revealed by a Microarray Approach. Toxicol Sci 2007; 101:226-38. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfm268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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