1
|
Yu J, Wang J, Cao C, Gong J, Cao J, Yin J, Wu S, Huang P, Tan B, Fan Z. Maternal intervention with a combination of galacto-oligosaccharides and hyocholic acids during late gestation and lactation increased the reproductive performance, colostrum composition, antioxidant and altered intestinal microflora in sows. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1367877. [PMID: 38933026 PMCID: PMC11199897 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1367877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and hyocholic acids (HCA) during late gestation and lactation on reproductive performance, colostrum quality, antioxidant capacity and gut microbiota in multiparous sows. Methods A total of 60 healthy multiparous cross-bred sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly fed 4 groups diets as follows: the basal diets (CTRL group), or the basal diets containing only 600 mg/kg GOS (GOS group), 600 mg/kg GOS + 100 mg/kg HCA (GOS + Low HCA group), and 600 mg/kg + 200 mg/kg HCA (GOS + High HCA group) from d 85 of gestation to weaning. Multiple parameters of sows were determined. Results There was a trend of shortening the labor process of sows (p = 0.07) in the GOS group and GOS + Low/High HCA group. Compared with the CTRL group, the GOS + Low/High HCA group increased the average piglets weight at birth (p < 0.05), and increased the IgA concentration of colostrum (p < 0.05). In addition, serum triglyceride (TG) concentration was lower (p < 0.05), and serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was higher (p < 0.05) in the GOS and GOS + Low/High HCA groups than in the CTRL group at farrowing. Serum catalase (CAT) activities was higher in the GOS and GOS + High HCA groups than in the CTRL group at farrowing. The 16S rRNA analysis showed that GOS combination with high-dose HCA shaped the composition of gut microbiota in different reproductive stages (d 107 of gestation, G107; d 0 of lactation, L0; d 7 of lactation, L7). At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidota and Desulfobacterota in G107, Bacteroidota, and Proteobacteria in L0, and Planctomycetota in L7 was increased in GOS + High HCA group (p < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that Streptococcus was positively correlated with the serum TG but negatively correlated with the average piglets weight at birth (p < 0.05). Conclusion This investigation demonstrated that the administration of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) in conjunction with hyocholic acids (HCA), to sows with nutrient restrictions during late gestation and lactation, further improved their antioxidant capacity and milk quality. The observed beneficial effects of GOS + HCA supplementation could potentially be linked to an improvement in gut microbiota disorders of the sows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bi’e Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Muniyappan M, Shanmugam S, Park JH, Han K, Kim IH. Effects of fermented soybean meal supplementation on the growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility by modulating the gut microbiome of weaned piglets. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3691. [PMID: 36878925 PMCID: PMC9988856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of soybean meal fermented by Enterococcus faecium as a replacement for soybean meal on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility, blood profile and gut microbiota of weaned pigs. Eighty piglets (weaned at 21 days) [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with average body weight of 6.52 ± 0.59 kg) were selected and assigned to 4 treatments/4 replicate pens (3 barrows and 2 gilts). The four diets (SBM, 3, 6 and 9% FSBM) were formulated using fermented soybean meal to replace 0, 3, 6 and 9% of soybean meal, respectively. The trial lasted for 42 days phase 1, 2 and 3. Result showed that supplemental FSBM increased (P < 0.05) the body weight gain (BWG) of piglets at day 7, 21 and 42 and ADG at days 1-7, 8-21, 22-42 and 1-42, and ADFI at days 8-21, 22-42 and 1-42 and G: F at days 1-7, 8-21 and 1-42, and crude protein, dry matter, and gross energy digestibility at day 42, and lowered (P < 0.05) diarrhea at days 1-21 and 22-42. The concentration of glucose levels, WBC, RBC, and lymphocytes were increased while, concentration of BUN level in the serum was lowered in the FSBM treatment compared to the SBM group (P < 0.05). Microbiota sequencing found that FSBM supplementation increased the microbial Shannon, Simpsons and Chao indexs, (P < 0.05) and the abundances of the phylum Firmicutes, and genera prevotella, Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae and Lachnoclostridium (P < 0.05), lower in the abundances of the phylum bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, genera Escherichia-Shigella, Clostridium sensu stricto1, Bacteroides and Parabacteroides (P < 0.05). Overall, FSBM replacing SBM improved the growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility, and blood profiles; perhaps via altering the faecal microbiota and its metabolites in weaned pigs. The present study provides theoretical support for applying FSBM at 6-9% to promote immune characteristics and regulate intestinal health in weaning piglets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madesh Muniyappan
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea
| | - Sureshkumar Shanmugam
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea
| | - Kyudong Han
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science and Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea. .,Center for Bio Medical Engineering Core Facility, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea.
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
LAMBERTI MÓNICAFTORREZ, LÓPEZ FABIÁNE, PESCARETTI MARÍADELASMERCEDES, DELGADO MÓNICAA. Characterization of a bacteriocin produced by a clinical isolate of Shigella flexneri 2. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220200982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - FABIÁN E. LÓPEZ
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Chilecito (UNdeC), Argentina
| | | | - MÓNICA A. DELGADO
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tang Z, Wu Z, Sun H, Zhao L, Shang M, Shi M, Jiang H, Lin Z, Zhou X, Li X, Yu X, Huang Y. The storage stability of Bacillus subtilis spore displaying cysteine protease of Clonorchis sinensis and its effect on improving the gut microbiota of mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:2513-2526. [PMID: 33606075 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) spore can serve as an ideal vehicle for expressing heterologous antigens, and elicit specific immune responses by oral administration. In previous studies, we successfully constructed the recombinant B. subtilis spores expressing cysteine protease of Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis, B.s-CsCP), and confirmed that oral administration of B.s-CsCP could elicit good protective immune responses in mice. In this study, Gram staining was used to observe the morphology of B.s-CsCP in different form, and the storage of liquid spores and lyophilized spores at different temperatures was compared. The mice were orally immunized with three different doses of spores (2×108, 1×109, and 5×109 CFU/day) for three times in total at biweekly interval. Then, antibody levels of mice were measured, the safety of spores was evaluated, and the changes of gut microbiota after oral gavage of spores (1×109 dose) were investigated. Results showed that B. subtilis was a typical Gram-positive bacterium, and its spore had good resistance to chemical dye. Liquid B. subtilis spores resuspended in sterile water could be stored for a long time at 4 °C or below, while lyophilized spores could be well stored even at RT and better at lower temperatures. Oral administration of B. subtilis spores to mice could stimulate both local mucosal and systemic immune responses in a dose-dependent manner without toxic side effects. Besides, beneficial bacteria producing butyrate such as Odoribacter were increased, while potential pathogens such as Escherichia-Shigella were decreased in mice intestine. Therefore, our work further confirmed that B. subtilis spores expressing CsCP could be a promising oral vaccine against C. sinensis with the advantages of stability, safety, easy storage, and promotion of intestinal health.Key Points• Recombinant CsCP B. subtilis spores could be easily preserved in either liquid or freeze-dried state.• Oral immunization of recombinant spores in mice could increase both local and system immune levels in a dose-dependent manner.• Oral administration of recombinant spores increased the number of beneficial bacteria and reduced the number of harmful bacteria in the intestinal tract of mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeli Tang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhanshuai Wu
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Hengchang Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Shang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengchen Shi
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongye Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhipeng Lin
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuerong Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinbing Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Y, Guo B, Wu Z, Wang W, Li C, Liu G, Cai H. Effects of Fermented Soybean Meal Supplementation on the Growth Performance and Cecal Microbiota Community of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10061098. [PMID: 32630490 PMCID: PMC7341335 DOI: 10.3390/ani10061098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Microbial fermentation is considered an economically viable processing technique to reduce the content of anti-nutritional factors and improve the nutritional quality of soybean meal (SBM). Fermented soybean meal (FSBM) exerts beneficial effects on the growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of broilers. However, there is very little information on the effects of FSBM on cecal microbial composition and diversity in broilers. Hence, this trial is conducted to investigate the effects of the partial replacement of SBM with FSBM in the diet on growth performance and cecal microflora of broilers. Replacing 25% of the SBM in the diet of broilers with FSBM promoted average daily gain and feed conversion ratio during the growth and whole phases. Both dietary treatment (25% or 50% of the SBM in the basal diet was replaced with FSBM) influenced the serum immunity, diversity and composition of cecal microbiota in broilers. FSBM supplementation in the diet shifted the cecal microbial community of broilers towards a healthier balance by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria and reducing the abundance of potentially harmful bacteria. Abstract This study investigated the growth performance, serum immunity, and cecal bacterial microbiota of broilers fed a diet in which soybean meal (SBM) was partially replaced with fermented soybean meal (FSBM) for 36 days. A total of 180 one-day-old male Cobb 500 broilers were randomly divided into three dietary groups (six replicates per group): corn-SBM diet (CC); 25% SBM replaced by FSBM (SC); 50% SBM replaced by FSBM (TC). The average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion rates (FCR) were higher in SC than CC and TC groups (p < 0.05) during the growth (d 22–36) and whole (d 1–36) phases. No significant difference was observed in ADG and average daily feed intake (ADFI) between CC and TC groups during any phases. Dietary treatments increased serum IgA, IgG, and IgM, Chao 1, observed species, and the abundance of the phylum Fimicutes but decreased the proportion of Proteobacteria (p < 0.05). Dietary treatments increased the abundance of the genera Lachnospiraceae, Lachnoclostridium, Gastranaerophilales, and Lactobacillus but decreased the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and Clostridiales (p < 0.05). Spearman’s correlations showed that the abundance of Gastranaerophilales was positively correlated with ADG and serum immunity, and the abundance of Lactobacillus was strongly positively with IgM. Thus, replacing 25% of SBM with FSBM improves the growth performance and serum immunity of broilers, possibly due to altered cecal microbial composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Huiyi Cai
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-8210-6077
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma ZZ, Cheng YY, Wang SQ, Ge JZ, Shi HP, Kou JC. Positive effects of dietary supplementation of three probiotics on milk yield, milk composition and intestinal flora in Sannan dairy goats varied in kind of probiotics. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:44-55. [PMID: 31701580 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), Bacillus subtilis (BS) and Enterococcus faecalis (EF), singly and in combination, on the dry matter intake (DMI), milk production and composition, and faecal microflora of Saanen dairy goats. Fifty goats were randomly divided into five groups: (a) basal diet (control); (b) basal diet + SC; (c) basal diet + BS; (d) basal diet + EF; and (e) basal diet + mixed probiotics. Each treated animal received 5 g/d of probiotics for a total administration of 5 × 1,011 CFU/goat per day. The inclusion of B. subtilis and E. faecalis in the diet of lactating Saanen goats increased DMI (p < .05). Enhanced milk yield was observed with BS and EF. Milk fat percentage was significantly increased by feeding mixed probiotics compared with the control (p < .05); supplying SC, BS and mixed probiotics enhanced the protein percentage (p < .05). The milk lactose percentage in the SC and BS groups was higher than in the control (p < .05). The amount of milk total solids was higher after feeding EF or mixed probiotics than in the control group (p < .05). Non-fat solids showed no notable differences among groups (p > .05). There was no significant influence on gut bacterial abundance and diversity from adding these three probiotics, singly or in combination. Bacteroidales, Escherichia-Shigella and Christensenellaceae abundances were decreased by supplying these probiotics but Succinivibrionaceae increased. In conclusion, there were positive influences of probiotic feed supplementation on intake, milk performance and intestinal microecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhu Ma
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Yang Cheng
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sheng-Qi Wang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian-Zhen Ge
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huai-Ping Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian-Cun Kou
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gong Y, Yang H, Wang X, Xia W, Lv W, Xiao Y, Zou X. Early Intervention With Cecal Fermentation Broth Regulates the Colonization and Development of Gut Microbiota in Broiler Chickens. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1422. [PMID: 31293552 PMCID: PMC6603130 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fermentation broth from broiler cecal content on the colonization and development of the gut microbiota in newly hatched broiler chicks. The fermentation broth was made by a chemostat system using the cecal content from a donor chicken as the source of inoculum. A total of 120 newly hatched broiler chicks were randomly divided into two groups. One group (F group) was orally inoculated with the fermentation broth, and the other (C group) was treated with an equal amount of sterile PBS solution. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to investigate the differences in the cecal microbiota of the broiler chickens between the two groups on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28. Moreover, the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the cecal contents were analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that the abundances of genera Escherichia-Shigella and Enterococcus decreased sharply in the F group on days 1 and 3 by the early intervention with cecal fermentation broth. In contrast, the relative abundance of the genus Bacteroides on days 1, 3, and 7, and the family Ruminococcaceae on days 1, 3, and 28 increased in the F group, respectively. In terms of SCFAs, the concentrations of acetate on day 28, propionic acid on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28, butyrate on day 1, and isovalerate on day 14 were significantly higher in the F group compared with the C group. Overall, these results suggest that early intervention with cecal fermentation broth could have beneficial effects on broilers gut health, which might be attributed to the alterations in the gut microbial composition and the increased concentrations of SCFAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Gong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenrui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Lv
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingping Xiao
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Zou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Partial Characterization of Novel Bacteriocin SF1 Produced by Shigella flexneri and Their Lethal Activity on Members of Gut Microbiota. Int J Microbiol 2019; 2019:6747190. [PMID: 31198422 PMCID: PMC6526549 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6747190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A strain of Shigella flexneri producing bacteriocin was isolated from a patient with diarrhea. The main objective of this study was to isolate and partially characterize the bacteriocin. The producing microorganism was identified using biochemical, serological, and molecular methods. The lethal activity of the S. flexneri strain was studied using the drop method. This bacterial strain showed activity against different strains of E. coli and B. fragilis. Using immunological techniques, it was determined that S. flexneri belongs to serotype 2a, and by PCR, the presence of the ipaH plasmid was determined. By chromatographic techniques, it was determined that the bacteriocin is a peptide of high purity with a molecular weight of 66294.094 Da. The amino acid composition and sequence were determined by the Edman reaction, and a sequence of 619 amino acid residues was obtained. Only in five positions of this sequence, the amino acid glutamine changed to glutamic acid with respect to colicin U produced by S. boydii. From an ecological point of view, it could be assumed that SF1 bacteriocin contributes to eliminate some members of the normal microbiota of the human intestine, facilitating colonization and then producing the invasion process that characterizes the pathogenicity of Shigella.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ma Y, Wang W, Zhang H, Wang J, Zhang W, Gao J, Wu S, Qi G. Supplemental Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 manipulates intestinal structure and microbial composition in broiler chickens. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15358. [PMID: 30337568 PMCID: PMC6194052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about the modulation of gut microbiota improves our understanding of the underlying mechanism by which probiotic treatment benefits the chickens. This study examined the effects of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 on intestinal structure and microbial composition in broilers. Broiler chicks were fed basal diets without or with B. subtilis supplementation (1.0 × 109 spores/kg of diet). Supplemental B. subtilis increased average body weight and average daily gain, as well as elevated villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio of ileum in broilers. Multi-dimension analysis showed a certain degree of separation between the cecal microbiota from treatment and control groups. Increased Firmicutes abundance and reduced Bacteroidetes abundance in cecum were observed responded to B. subtilis addition, which also increased the abundances of Christensenellaceae and Caulobacteraceae, and simultaneously decreased the abundances of potentially harmful bacteria such as Vampirovibrio, Escherichia/Shigella and Parabacteroides. Network analysis signified that B. subtilis addition improved the interaction pattern within cecal microbiota of broilers, however, it exerted little influence on the metabolic pathways of cecal microbiota by comparison of the functional prediction of metagenomes. In conclusion, supplemental B. subtilis DSM 32315 improved growth performance and intestinal structure of broilers, which could be at least partially responsible by the manipulation of cecal microbial composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youbiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Evonik Degussa (China) Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Evonik Degussa (China) Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Shugeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Guanghai Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rolhion N, Chassaing B. When pathogenic bacteria meet the intestinal microbiota. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:20150504. [PMID: 27672153 PMCID: PMC5052746 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is a large and diverse microbial community that inhabits the intestinal tract, containing about 100 trillion bacteria from 500-1000 distinct species that, collectively, provide multiple benefits to the host. The gut microbiota contributes to nutrient absorption and maturation of the immune system, and also plays a central role in protection of the host from enteric bacterial infection. On the other hand, many enteric pathogens have developed strategies in order to be able to outcompete the intestinal community, leading to infection and/or chronic diseases. This review will summarize findings describing the complex relationship occurring between the intestinal microbiota and enteric pathogens, as well as how future therapies can ultimately benefit from such discoveries.This article is part of the themed issue 'The new bacteriology'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Rolhion
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des interactions Bactéries-Cellules, 75015 Paris, France Inserm, U604, 75015 Paris, France INRA, Unité sous contrat 2020, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Activity spectrum of colicins produced by Shigella sonnei and genetic mechanism of colicin resistance in conspecific S. sonnei strains and Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 59:152-8. [PMID: 25331695 DOI: 10.1128/aac.04122-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Colicin-mediated killing is an example of allelopathy, which has been found among several bacteria. Screening of 42 strains of Shigella sonnei isolated from diarrheal patients revealed that 39 (93%) S. sonnei strains were positive for colicin production against Escherichia coli DH5α. In the PCR-based detection of the colicin types, 36 (92.3%) were identified as E3, 2 (5.1%) as E3 and E8, and 1 (2.6%) as E3 and E2. Representative S. sonnei strains producing heterologous colicins exhibited antagonism against diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) groups. Although it is known that mutation in the colicin receptor renders the host resistant to colicin, there is a dearth of information on the genetic characterization of such mutants. In the fluctuation test, colicin-resistant E. coli mutants were found to occur spontaneously at the rates of 2.51 × 10(-8) and 5.52 × 10(-8) per generation when exposed to colicins E3 and E8 and colicins E3 and E2, respectively. Genotypic characterization of colicin-resistant E. coli (EC(Cr)) and S. sonnei (SS(Cr)) strains displayed mutations in the btuB gene, which encodes the receptor for vitamin B12 uptake. This gene was interrupted by various insertion sequences, such as IS1, IS2, and IS911. Complementation of EC(Cr) and SS(Cr) with plasmid-borne btuB (pbtuB) accomplished restoration of the colicin-susceptible phenotype. The vitamin B12 uptake assay gave an insight into the physiological relevance of the btuB mutation. Our studies provide insights into the latent influence of S. sonnei colicins in governing the existence of some of the shigellae and all of the DEC and the genetic mechanism underlying the emergence of resistance.
Collapse
|
12
|
Sousa MÂB, Farias LDM, Oliveira PLD, Moreira JS, Apolônio ACM, Oliveira JS, Santoro MM, Mendes EN, Magalhães PP. Antagonistic activity expressed by Shigella sonnei: identification of a putative new bacteriocin. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 108:724-9. [PMID: 24037194 PMCID: PMC3970690 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276108062013008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins are antibacterial, proteinaceous substances that mediate microbial
dynamics. Bacteriocin production is a highly disseminated property among all
major lineages of bacteria, including Shigella. In this paper,
we addressed the purification and characterisation of a bacteriocin produced by
a Shigella sonnei strain (SS9) isolated from a child with acute
diarrhoea. The substance was purified through ammonium-sulphate precipitation
and sequential steps of chromatography. The intracellular fraction obtained at
75% ammonium sulphate maintained activity following exposure to pH values from
1-11 and storage at -80ºC for more than two years and was inactivated by high
temperatures and proteases. The molecular mass of the purified bacteriocin was
determined by mass spectrometry to be 18.56 kDa. The N-terminal sequence of the
bacteriocin did not match any other antibacterial proteins described. A putative
new bacteriocin produced by S. sonnei has been detected. This
bacteriocin may represent a newly described protein or a previously described
protein with a newly detected function. Considering that SS9 expresses
antagonism against other diarrhoeagenic bacteria, the bacteriocin may contribute
to S. sonnei virulence and is potentially applicable to either
preventing or controlling diarrhoeal disease.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kaewklom S, Samosornsuk S, Pipatsatitpong D, Aunpad R. Colicin type 7 produced by majority of Shigella sonnei isolated from Thai patients with diarrhoea. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 44:731-6. [PMID: 24516440 PMCID: PMC3910181 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013000300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty one out of 153 strains of Shigella sonnei isolated from Thai patients with diarrhoea showed antibacterial activity against S. sonnei by agar well diffusion method. All of them harbor plasmids with the genetic determination of colicin type 7 (Js) gene but without colicin E and colicin U gene. The PCR product obtained from strain 35/44 was shown to be the gene for colicin type 7 lytic protein (cja). The partially purified bacteriocin (PPB) containing colicin type 7 of strain 35/44 was prepared and used for characterization. The antibacterial activity of PPB against a total of 17 selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was tested. It was found that PPB of strain 35/44 was active against E. coli O157, S. sonnei and S. boydii. The sensitivity of PPB from this strain to proteinase K, trypsin and α-chymotrypsin suggests the proteinaceous nature of these antimicrobial substances. Therefore, this isolated bacterium can be regarded as bacteriocin producing bacteria. The bacteriocin produced by this isolated S. sonnei was heat stable as evidenced by its ability to maintain the activity at 80 °C for 60 min. In addition, it was stable within a wide range of pH (3–9). The molecular weight of colicin type 7 from isolated S. sonnei strain 35/44 analyzed by SDS-PAGE was 54.4 kDa composing of at least five subunits. It is to our knowledge; the first report of Thai patients with diarrhoea that S. sonnei isolated from them contained colicin type 7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Kaewklom
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Klonglaung, Pathumthai, Thailand
| | - Seksun Samosornsuk
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Klonglaung, Pathumthai, Thailand
| | - Duangnate Pipatsatitpong
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Klonglaung, Pathumthai, Thailand
| | - Ratchaneewan Aunpad
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Klonglaung, Pathumthai, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Taheri P, Samadi N, Ehsani MR, Khoshayand MR, Jamalifar H. An evaluation and partial characterization of a bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp lactis ST1 isolated from goat milk. Braz J Microbiol 2012; 43:1452-62. [PMID: 24031976 PMCID: PMC3769036 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220120004000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance producing Lactococcus lactis subsp lactis strain, ST1, isolated from goat milk of Iranian origin and with broad spectrum of activity and desirable technical properties was used for evaluating some futures of bacteriocin inhibitory activity. Cell growth and bacteriocin production studies were carried out in MRS medium incubated statically under uncontrolled pH condition. The antibacterial activity presented a primary metabolite pattern and showed a rapid decrease at the stationary phase. Microaerobiosis and capnophily growth conditions resulted in higher bacteriocin production while aerobiosis showed negative effect on both cell growth and bacteriocin production. Bacteriocin production, on the other hand, was favored in MRS broth (pH; 6.5) inoculated with 0.1 ml l-1 fresh culture when incubation was carried out at 30 °C. This indicated that the conditions resulted in higher levels of growth were frequently favoring bacteriocin production by ST1 as well. Decrease in activity, at the stationary growth phase, was much pronounced in favored growth condition. Nutrient depletion, deferent effect of low pH on bacteriocin production and/or protein degradation seemed more responsible for this phenomenon. The study also provided further data on new method for bacteriocin release from the cell wall of producer. It was clearly shown that both heating and ultrasound shock for 5 min at pH 2 could increase bacteriocin activity significantly. The release was more pronounced in the presence of 0.5% Tween80.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Taheri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|