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Zsiros V, Dóczi N, Petővári G, Pop A, Erdei Z, Sebestyén A, L Kiss A. BMP-induced non-canonical signaling is upregulated during autophagy-mediated regeneration in inflamed mesothelial cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10426. [PMID: 37369758 PMCID: PMC10300029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed that after Freund's adjuvant-induced peritonitis, rat mesothelial cells regain their epithelial phenotype through mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) accompanied by autophagy. Since bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are well-known MET-inducers, we were interested in the potential expression of BMPs and BMP-induced pathways. Although mesothelial cells expressed lower amounts of BMP7, its level in the peritoneal cavity and mesothelial synthesis of BMP4 were significantly increased during inflammation. BMPR1A and BMPR2 were also significantly expressed. Expression of transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase (TAK1) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK1-JNK2) were more intense than that of phosphorylated Mothers Against Decapentaplegic homolog 1/5 (p-SMAD1/5), confirming that the non-canonical pathway of BMPs prevailed in our model. JNK signaling through B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) can contribute to Beclin-1 activation. We demonstrated that TAK1-JNK-Bcl-2 signaling was upregulated simultaneously with the autophagy-mediated regeneration. A further goal of our study was to prove the regenerative role of autophagy after inflammation. We used a specific inhibitor, bafilomycin A1 (BafA1), and found that BafA1 treatment decreased the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3B) and resulted in morphological signs of cell death in inflamed mesothelial cells indicating that if autophagy is arrested, regeneration turns into cell death and consequently, mesothelial cells die.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Zsiros
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University Budapest, Tűzoltó u. 58., Budapest, 1094, Hungary.
| | - Nikolett Dóczi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University Budapest, Tűzoltó u. 58., Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Gábor Petővári
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University Budapest, Üllői út 26., Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Pop
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University Budapest, Tűzoltó u. 58., Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Erdei
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University Budapest, Tűzoltó u. 58., Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Anna Sebestyén
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University Budapest, Üllői út 26., Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Anna L Kiss
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University Budapest, Tűzoltó u. 58., Budapest, 1094, Hungary
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Role of Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells in the Progression of Peritoneal Metastases. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122856. [PMID: 35740521 PMCID: PMC9221366 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal metastatic cancer comprises a heterogeneous group of primary tumors that originate in the peritoneal cavity or metastasize into the peritoneal cavity from a different origin. Metastasis is a characteristic of end-stage disease, often indicative of a poor prognosis with limited treatment options. Peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) are a thin layer of cells present on the surface of the peritoneum. They display differentiated characteristics in embryonic development and adults, representing the first cell layer encountering peritoneal tumors to affect their progression. PMCs have been traditionally considered a barrier to the intraperitoneal implantation and metastasis of tumors; however, recent studies indicate that PMCs can either inhibit or actively promote tumor progression through distinct mechanisms. This article presents a review of the role of PMCs in the progression of peritoneum implanted tumors, offering new ideas for therapeutic targets and related research.
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Abstract
The inflammation is an important biological response induced by various harmful stimuli, like viruses, bacterial infections, toxins, toxic compounds, tissue injury. During inflammation inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species are produced. Inflammatory cytokines act on various receptors present on the plasma membrane of target cells. To initiate signaling cascade, and activate transcription factors, receptors should be internalized and enter the early endosomes, where the members of the signaling cascade can meet. The further cytoplasmic fate of the receptor plays crucial role in the progression and the course of inflammation. Usually acute inflammation removes injurious stimuli and helps to regain the normal healthy status of the organism. In contrast to this the uncontrolled chronic inflammation—stimulating other than immune cells, inducing transdifferentiation—can provide base of various serious diseases. This paper draws the attention of the long-lasting consequence of chronic inflammation, pointing out that one of the most important step in medication is to identify in time the factors initiating and maintaining inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Kiss
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Crohn's Disease Increases the Mesothelial Properties of Adipocyte Progenitors in the Creeping Fat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084292. [PMID: 33924264 PMCID: PMC8074767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the interplay between human adipose tissue and the immune system is limited. The mesothelium, an immunologically active structure, emerged as a source of visceral adipose tissue. After investigating the mesothelial properties of human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue and their progenitors, we explored whether the dysfunctional obese and Crohn's disease environments influence the mesothelial/mesenchymal properties of their adipocyte precursors, as well as their ability to mount an immune response. Using a tandem transcriptomic/proteomic approach, we evaluated the mesothelial and mesenchymal expression profiles in adipose tissue, both in subjects covering a wide range of body-mass indexes and in Crohn's disease patients. We also isolated adipose tissue precursors (adipose-derived stem cells, ASCs) to assess their mesothelial/mesenchymal properties, as well as their antigen-presenting features. Human visceral tissue presented a mesothelial phenotype not detected in the subcutaneous fat. Only ASCs from mesenteric adipose tissue, named creeping fat, had a significantly higher expression of the hallmark mesothelial genes mesothelin (MSLN) and Wilms' tumor suppressor gene 1 (WT1), supporting a mesothelial nature of these cells. Both lean and Crohn's disease visceral ASCs expressed equivalent surface percentages of the antigen-presenting molecules human leucocyte antigen-DR isotype (HLA-DR) and CD86. However, lean-derived ASCs were predominantly HLA-DR dim, whereas in Crohn's disease, the HLA-DR bright subpopulation was increased 3.2-fold. Importantly, the mesothelial-enriched Crohn's disease precursors activated CD4+ T-lymphocytes. Our study evidences a mesothelial signature in the creeping fat of Crohn's disease patients and its progenitor cells, the latter being able to present antigens and orchestrate an immune response.
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Kuper CF, Pieters RHH, van Bilsen JHM. Nanomaterials and the Serosal Immune System in the Thoracic and Peritoneal Cavities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052610. [PMID: 33807632 PMCID: PMC7961545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The thoracic and peritoneal cavities are lined by serous membranes and are home of the serosal immune system. This immune system fuses innate and adaptive immunity, to maintain local homeostasis and repair local tissue damage, and to cooperate closely with the mucosal immune system. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are found abundantly in the thoracic and peritoneal cavities, and they are crucial in first defense against pathogenic viruses and bacteria. Nanomaterials (NMs) can enter the cavities intentionally for medical purposes, or unintentionally following environmental exposure; subsequent serosal inflammation and cancer (mesothelioma) has gained significant interest. However, reports on adverse effects of NM on ILCs and other components of the serosal immune system are scarce or even lacking. As ILCs are crucial in the first defense against pathogenic viruses and bacteria, it is possible that serosal exposure to NM may lead to a reduced resistance against pathogens. Additionally, affected serosal lymphoid tissues and cells may disturb adipose tissue homeostasis. This review aims to provide insight into key effects of NM on the serosal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Frieke Kuper
- Consultant, Haagstraat 13, 3581 SW Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (C.F.K.); (J.H.M.v.B.)
| | - Raymond H. H. Pieters
- Immunotoxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Innovative Testing in Life Sciences & Chemistry, Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Padualaan 97, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda H. M. van Bilsen
- Department for Risk Analysis for Products in Development, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (C.F.K.); (J.H.M.v.B.)
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Cellular and molecular events of inflammation induced transdifferentiation (EMT) and regeneration (MET) in mesenteric mesothelial cells. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:1173-1179. [PMID: 32920669 PMCID: PMC7486969 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review we summarize the cellular and molecular events of inflammation induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) and mesothelial-to-macrophage transition (MET) during regeneration. Since the receptor transmits the environmental stimulus, downregulating or upregulating the process on an epigenetic level, the intracellular localization of receptors (signaling organelles: early endosomes or lysosomal degradation: late endosomes) plays a crucial role in the signaling events regulating inflammation and regeneration. Therefore, we focused on the internalization of the receptors as well as the intracellular compartmentalization of signaling molecules during EMT and MET. The review draws the reader's attention to the plasticity of mesothelial cells and supports the idea that during inflammation an ambient macrophage population might derive from mesothelial cells.
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Zsiros V, Katz S, Doczi N, Kiss AL. Endocytosis of GM-CSF receptor β is essential for signal transduction regulating mesothelial-macrophage transition. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1450-1462. [PMID: 31212003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
During Freund's adjuvant induced inflammation rat mesenteric mesothelial cells transdifferentiate into mesenchymal cell. They express macrophage markers, inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β, TNFα, IL-6), and specific receptors. When primary mesenteric cultures were treated with GM-CSF and/or TGF-β (in vitro), similar phenotypic and biological changes were induced. It seemed likely that GM-CSF receptor-ligand complex should be internalized to initiate mesothelial-macrophage transition. To follow the intracellular route of GM-CSF receptor β, we co-localized this receptor with various endocytic markers (Cav-1, EEA1, Rab7, and Rab11a), and carried out detailed immunocytochemical, statistical and biochemical analyses. Since STAT5 is one of the downstream element of GM-CSF signaling, we followed the expression and phosphorylation level of this transcription factor. Our results showed that in mesenteric mesothelial cells GM-CSF receptor β is internalized by caveolae, delivered into early endosomes where the signaling events occur, STAT5A is phosphorylated by JAK2, and then translocated into the nucleus. When dynamin-dependent endocytosis of GM-CSFR β is inhibited by dynasore, phosphorylation of STAT5A is not occurred, confirming, that the internalization of receptor β is indispensable for signal transduction. At the early time of inflammation a significant receptor recycling can be found to the plasma membrane. Later (day 8) the receptor is delivered into late endosomes, indicating that its degradation has already started, and the regeneration of mesothelial cells can start. All of these data strongly support that the internalization of GM-CSF receptor β is required and essential for signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Zsiros
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Tűzoltó u. 58, 1094, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Katz
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Tűzoltó u. 58, 1094, Hungary.
| | - Nikolett Doczi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Tűzoltó u. 58, 1094, Hungary.
| | - Anna L Kiss
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Tűzoltó u. 58, 1094, Hungary.
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Kuper CF, van Bilsen J, Wijnands MVW. The Serosal Immune System of the Thorax in Toxicology. Toxicol Sci 2019; 164:31-38. [PMID: 29648628 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The thoracic cavities receive increasing attention in toxicology, because inhaled fibers and (nano)particles can reach these cavities and challenge the local lymphoid tissues. The thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are controlled by the serosal immune system with its special, loosely organized lymphoid clusters, namely the fat-associated lymphoid clusters and milky spots, which together can be denoted as serosa-associated lymphoid clusters. These clusters house numerous innate lymphoid cells, namely the nonconventional, innate B lymphoid cell and innate lymphocyte type 2 populations. The fat depots in the thorax play a significant role in the serosal immunity, and they can be modulated by health issues such as metabolic syndrome. The serosal immune system operates in a unique way at the interface of the innate and acquired immunity and therefore exposure-related modulation of the system may have a distinct impact on the body's immunity. To add to the investigation of the serosal immune system in the thorax, this review describes the (micro)anatomy of the immune system in relation to exposure, with a focus on the rat and mouse as preferred species in toxicology and immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine F Kuper
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, 3700 AJ, The Netherlands.,Retired
| | - Jolanda van Bilsen
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, 3700 AJ, The Netherlands
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Inflammation-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and GM-CSF Treatment Stimulate Mesenteric Mesothelial Cells to Transdifferentiate into Macrophages. Inflammation 2019; 41:1825-1834. [PMID: 29911275 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In our previous work, we showed that during inflammation-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), mesenteric mesothelial cells express ED1 (pan-macrophage marker), indicating that they are transformed into macrophage-like cells. In this paper, we provide additional evidences about this transition by following the phagocytic activity and the TNFα production of mesenteric mesothelial cells during inflammation. Upon injection of India ink particles or fluorescent-labeled bioparticles (pHrodo) into the peritoneal cavity of rats pretreated with Freund's adjuvant, we found that mesothelial cells efficiently engulfed these particles. A similar increase of internalization could be observed by mesothelial cells in GM-CSF pretreated primary mesenteric culture. Since macrophages are the major producers of tumor necrosis factor, TNFα, we investigated expression level of TNFα during inflammation-induced EMT and found that TNFα was indeed expressed in these cells, reaching the highest level at the 5th day of inflammation. Since TNFα is one of the target genes of early growth response (EGR1) transcription factor, playing important role in monocyte-macrophage differentiation, expression of EGR1 in mesothelial cells was also investigated by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. While mesothelial cells did not express EGR1, a marked increase was observed in mesothelial cells by the time of inflammation. Parallel to this, nuclear translocation of EGR1 was shown by immunocytochemistry at the day 5 of inflammation. Caveolin-1 level was high and ERK1/2 became phosphorylated as the inflammation proceeded showing a slight decrease when the regeneration started. Our present data support the idea that under special stimuli, mesenteric mesothelial cells are able to transdifferentiate into macrophages, and this transition is regulated by the caveolin-1/ERK1/2/EGR1 signaling pathway.
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Isaza-Restrepo A, Martin-Saavedra JS, Velez-Leal JL, Vargas-Barato F, Riveros-Dueñas R. The Peritoneum: Beyond the Tissue - A Review. Front Physiol 2018; 9:738. [PMID: 29962968 PMCID: PMC6014125 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite its complexity, the peritoneum is usually underestimated in classical medical texts simply as the surrounding tissue (serous membrane) of the gut. Novel findings on physiology and morphology of the peritoneum and mesothelial cell exist but they are usually focused or limited to Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis research and practice. This review aims to expose, describe and analyze the most recent evidence on the peritoneum’s morphology, embryology and physiology. Materials and Methods: A literature review was performed on Pubmed and MEDLINE. With no limit of publication date, original papers and literature reviews about the peritoneum, the peritoneal cavity, peritoneal fluid, and mesothelial cells were included (n = 72). Results: Peritoneum develops in close relationship to the gut from an early period in embryogenesis. Analyzing together the development of the primitive gut and the surrounding mesothelium helps understanding that the peritoneal cavity, the mesenteries and other structures can be considered parts of the peritoneum. However, some authors consider that structures like the mesenteries are different to the peritoneum. The mesothelial cell has a complex ultrastructural organization with intercellular junctions and apical microvilli. This complexity is further proven by the large array of functions like selective fluid and cell transport; physiological protective barrier; immune induction, modulation, and inhibition; tissue repair and scarring; preventing adhesion and tumoral dissemination; cellular migration; and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition capacity. Conclusion: Recent evidence on the anatomy, histology, and physiology of the peritoneum, shows that this structure is more complex than a simple serous membrane. These results call for a new conceptualization of peritoneum, and highlight the need of adequate research for identifying clinical relevance of this knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Isaza-Restrepo
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.,Department of Clinical Surgery, Hospital Universitario Mayor - Méderi, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan S Martin-Saavedra
- Clinical Research Group, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan L Velez-Leal
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Felipe Vargas-Barato
- Department of Clinical Surgery, Hospital Universitario Mayor - Méderi, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rafael Riveros-Dueñas
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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Zsiros V, Katz S, Dóczi N, Kiss AL. Autophagy is the key process in the re-establishment of the epitheloid phenotype during mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). Exp Cell Res 2017; 352:382-392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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GM-CSF and GM-CSF receptor have regulatory role in transforming rat mesenteric mesothelial cells into macrophage-like cells. Inflamm Res 2016; 65:827-36. [PMID: 27364613 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0967-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN During peritonitis, mesothelial cells assume macrophage characteristics, expressing macrophage markers, indicating that they might differentiate into macrophage-like cells. MATERIALS AND SUBJECTS Twenty-five male rats were used for in vivo experiments. For in vitro experiments, a primary mesentery culture model was developed. The mesothelial cell to macrophage-like cell transition was followed by studying ED1 expression. TREATMENTS In vitro primary mesenteric culture was treated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF, 1 ng/ml). Blocking internalization of receptor-ligand complex, Dynasore (80 µM) was used. Acute peritonitis was induced by Freund's adjuvant's (1 ml) intraperitoneal injection. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry: GM-CSF in vitro treatment resulted in a prominent ED1 expression in transformed mesothelial cells. Blocking the internalization, ED1 expression could not be detected. GM-CSF receptor (both α and β) was expressed in mesothelial cells in vitro (even if the GM-CSF was not present) and in vivo. Inflammation resulted in an increasing GM-CSF and GM-CSF-receptor level in the lysate of mesothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Mesothelial cells can differentiate into macrophage-like cells, and GM-CSF, produced by the mesothelial cells, has probably an autocrine regulatory role in this transition. Our results provide new data about the plasticity of mesothelial cell and support the idea that during inflammation macrophages can derive from non-hematopoietic sources as well.
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Lachaud CC, Rodriguez-Campins B, Hmadcha A, Soria B. Use of Mesothelial Cells and Biological Matrices for Tissue Engineering of Simple Epithelium Surrogates. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:117. [PMID: 26347862 PMCID: PMC4538307 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineering technologies have progressed rapidly through last decades resulting in the manufacture of quite complex bioartificial tissues with potential use for human organ and tissue regeneration. The manufacture of avascular monolayered tissues such as simple squamous epithelia was initiated a few decades ago and is attracting increasing interest. Their relative morphostructural simplicity makes of their biomimetization a goal, which is currently accessible. The mesothelium is a simple squamous epithelium in nature and is the monolayered tissue lining the walls of large celomic cavities (peritoneal, pericardial, and pleural) and internal organs housed inside. Interestingly, mesothelial cells can be harvested in clinically relevant numbers from several anatomical sources and not less important, they also display high transdifferentiation capacities and are low immunogenic characteristics, which endow these cells with therapeutic interest. Their combination with a suitable scaffold (biocompatible, degradable, and non-immunogenic) may allow the manufacture of tailored serosal membranes biomimetics with potential spanning a wide range of therapeutic applications, principally for the regeneration of simple squamous-like epithelia such as the visceral and parietal mesothelium vascular endothelium and corneal endothelium among others. Herein, we review recent research progresses in mesothelial cells biology and their clinical sources. We make a particular emphasis on reviewing the different types of biological scaffolds suitable for the manufacture of serosal mesothelial membranes biomimetics. Finally, we also review progresses made in mesothelial cells-based therapeutic applications and propose some possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Claude Lachaud
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine - Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER) , Seville , Spain ; Centro de Investigación en Red sobre Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Berta Rodriguez-Campins
- Departamento de I+D, New Biotechnic S.A. , Seville , Spain ; Fundación Andaluza de Investigación y Desarrollo (FAID) , Seville , Spain
| | - Abdelkrim Hmadcha
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine - Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER) , Seville , Spain ; Centro de Investigación en Red sobre Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Bernat Soria
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine - Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER) , Seville , Spain ; Centro de Investigación en Red sobre Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM) , Madrid , Spain
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Balogh P, Szabó A, Katz S, Likó I, Patócs A, L.Kiss A. Estrogen receptor alpha is expressed in mesenteric mesothelial cells and is internalized in caveolae upon Freund's adjuvant treatment. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79508. [PMID: 24244516 PMCID: PMC3828353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Transformation of epithelial cells into connective tissue cells (epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT) is a complex mechanism involved in tumor metastasis, and in normal embryogenesis, while type II EMT is mainly associated with inflammatory events and tissue regenaration. In this study we examined type II EMT at the ultrastructural and molecular level during the inflammatory process induced by Freund's adjuvant treatment in rat mesenteric mesothelial cells. We found that upon the inflammatory stimulus mesothelial cells lost contact with the basal lamina and with each other, and were transformed into spindle-shaped cells. These morphological changes were accompanied by release of interleukins IL-1alpha, -1beta and IL-6 and by secretion of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) into the peritoneal cavity. Mesothelial cells also expressed estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) as shown by immunolabeling at the light and electron microscopical levels, as well as by quantitative RT-PCR. The mRNA level of ER-α showed an inverse correlation with the secretion of TGF-β. At the cellular and subcellular levels ER-α was colocalized with the coat protein caveolin-1 and was found in the plasma membrane of mesothelial cells, in caveolae close to multivesicular bodies (MVBs) or in the membrane of these organelles, suggesting that ER-α is internalized via caveola-mediated endocytosis during inflammation. We found asymmetric, thickened, electron dense areas on the limiting membrane of MVBs (MVB plaques) indicating that these sites may serve as platforms for collecting and organizing regulatory proteins. Our morphological observations and biochemical data can contribute to form a potential model whereby ER-α and its caveola-mediated endocytosis might play role in TGF-β induced type II EMT in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Balogh
- Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Arnold Szabó
- Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Katz
- Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Likó
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, R. Gedeon Plc, Hungary
| | - Attila Patócs
- HSA-SE Lendület Hereditary Endocrine Tumors Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna L.Kiss
- Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Katz S, Balogh P, Nagy N, Kiss AL. Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition Induced by Freund’s Adjuvant Treatment in Rat Mesothelial Cells: A Morphological and Immunocytochemical Study. Pathol Oncol Res 2012; 18:641-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-011-9489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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