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Ellesøe AG, Shado R, Pereira IN, Madruga D, Hassan H. Soft tissue expansion using self-inflating osmotic hydrogel expanders prior to bone augmentation: healing and complications. Evidence-based review. BDJ Open 2023; 9:48. [PMID: 37952027 PMCID: PMC10640575 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-023-00175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This review aims to assess complication rates, soft tissue gain, and bone gain associated with the use of self-inflating osmotic hydrogel tissue expanders (SOHTEs) for soft tissue expansion (STE). METHODS A comprehensive search on Pubmed and Google Scholar databases was conducted to identify human studies using SOHTEs for STE; last searched in March 2023. Expansion phase details and expander variables were documented. Complication rates, soft tissue gain, and bone gain reported in each study were also recorded. The inclusion criteria encompassed human studies ranging from evidence levels II-IV (Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence), without specific date limits. For assessing bias in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), a Risk of Bias tool was employed. The synthesised results were presented through tables, sunburst plots, and bar charts. RESULTS A total of 13 studies were identified, comprising 4 RCTs, 1 cohort study, and 8 case-series. Employment of SOHTEs yielded an overall complication rate of 17% (24/140 sites), with expander perforation accounting for 9.3% (13/140) of the sites. Specific complication rates included dehiscence (1.4%, 2/140 sites), paraesthesia (1.4%, 2/140 sites), and infection (1.4%, 2/140 sites). All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were categorised at Level II. The remaining investigations primarily consisted of Level IV case-series lacking controls. All studies demonstrated some concerns towards bias. CONCLUSION STE studies using SOHTEs exhibit a reduction in complications associated with bone augmentation in scenarios of inadequate soft tissue coverage. Preliminary evidence suggests potential benefits even in cases with sufficient soft tissue. Adherence to procedural precautions may reduce the risk of expander perforations, further diminishing complications. Subsequent studies should incorporate individual patient and expander variables in their reports to explore the impact of expansion phases on complication rates, as well as bone and soft tissue augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gade Ellesøe
- Rey Juan Carlos University, Av. de Atenas, S/N, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rawand Shado
- Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University, Institute of Dentistry, Royal London Dental Hospital, Turner Street, E1 2AD, London, UK
| | - Ines Novo Pereira
- University of Porto, Faculty of Dental Medicine, R. Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393, Porto, Portugal
| | - David Madruga
- Rey Juan Carlos University, Av. de Atenas, S/N, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Haidar Hassan
- Rey Juan Carlos University, Av. de Atenas, S/N, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
- Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University, Institute of Dentistry, Royal London Dental Hospital, Turner Street, E1 2AD, London, UK.
- Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University, Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel, London, E1 2AT, UK.
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Rigotti G, Chirumbolo S, Cicala F, Parnigotto PP, Nicolato E, Calderan L, Conti G, Sbarbati A. Negative Pressure From an Internal Spiral Tissue Expander Generates New Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in an In Vivo Animal Model. Aesthet Surg J 2020; 40:448-459. [PMID: 31504155 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjz194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue expanders are widely utilized in plastic surgery. Traditional expanders usually are "inflatable balloons," which are planned to grow additional skin and/or to create space to be filled, for example, with an implant. In very recent years, reports suggest that negative pressure created by an external device (ie, Brava) induces both skin expansion and adipogenesis. OBJECTIVES The authors evaluated and assessed the adipogenetic potential of a novel internal tissue expander in an in vivo animal model. METHODS New Zealand female rabbits were enrolled in the study. A prototype spiral inner tissue expander was employed. It consisted of a-dynamic conic expander (DCE) with a valve at the end: when empty, it is flat (Archimedean spiral), whereas when filled with a fluid, it takes a conic shape. Inside the conic spiral, a negative pressure is therefore created. DCE is implanted flat under the latissimus dorsi muscle in experimental animals (rabbit) and then filled to reach the conical shape. Animals were investigated with magnetic resonance imaging, histology, and transmission electronic microscopy at 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a marked increase in newly formed adipose tissue, reaching its highest amount at 12 months after the DCE implantation. Histology confirmed the existence of new adipocytes, whereas transmission electronic microscopy ultrastructure confirmed that most of these new cells were mature adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS Tensile stress, associated with negative-pressure expanders, generated newly white subcutaneous adipose tissue.
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Byun S, Kim S, Lee H, Lim H, Kim J, Lee U, Lee J, Park S, Kim S, Song JD, Jang IS, Kim MK, Kim J. Soft tissue expander for vertically atrophied alveolar ridges: Prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Implants Res 2020; 31:585-594. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soo‐Hwan Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Dentistry Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center Kyonggi‐do Korea
- Research Society of Gangnam Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Seoul Korea
| | - Seon‐Yeong Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Ewha Womans University Medical Center Seoul Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Research Society of Gangnam Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Seoul Korea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Section of Dentistry Seoul Metropolitan Government–Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center Seoul Korea
| | - Ho‐Kyung Lim
- Research Society of Gangnam Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Seoul Korea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Korea University Medical Center Guro Hospital Seoul Korea
| | - Ju‐Won Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Dentistry Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center Kyonggi‐do Korea
- Research Society of Gangnam Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Seoul Korea
| | - Ui‐Lyong Lee
- Research Society of Gangnam Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Seoul Korea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Chung‐Ang University Hospital Seoul Korea
| | - Jong‐Bin Lee
- Department of Periodontoloy Ewha Womans University Medical Center Seoul Korea
| | - Sung‐Ho Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Ewha Womans University Medical Center Seoul Korea
| | - Sun‐Jong Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Ewha Womans University Medical Center Seoul Korea
| | - Ju-Dong Song
- Bio R&D Center Osstem implant Co., Ltd. Busan Korea
| | - Il-Seok Jang
- Bio R&D Center Osstem implant Co., Ltd. Busan Korea
| | | | - Jin‐Woo Kim
- Research Society of Gangnam Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Seoul Korea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Ewha Womans University Medical Center Seoul Korea
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Abrahamsson P, Wälivaara DÅ, Anderud J, Jimbo R. Vertical bone augmentation with titanium granule blocks in rabbit calvaria. Clin Exp Dent Res 2018; 3:100-106. [PMID: 29744186 PMCID: PMC5719821 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether it is possible to vertically augment bone utilizing a block graft from compressed titanium granules mainly used previously for contained bone defects and to determine whether there exists a difference in osteoconductive properties between the white and the grey granules. In 11 rabbits, 4 titanium blocks were inserted on each rabbit's skull bone according to a randomized scheme. These blocks were made from standardized compressed titanium granules. Type A: PTG grey, small granules (Pourus Titanium Granules, Tigran, Malmö, Sweden); Type B: PTG grey, large granules; Type C: PTG white, small granules; Type D: PTG white large granules. After 12 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and specimens were collected for histology and μCT scanning. From both the μCT and histology, it can be said that bone formation was successfully achieved for all groups, and the granules maintained their volume. The histomorphometric BA (bone area) evaluation in the entire grafted area presented that there were no statistical differences between all groups tested. The lowest 1/4 BA in contact with the rabbit skull presented that groups A and C presented the highest mean BA, and group A presented significantly higher BA than that of group D (p = 0,049). No significant differences were noted between groups A, B and C. Within the limitation of this study, no differences were noted between small white or grey PTG blocks. The large granules presented less bone ingrowth area compared to the small granules and this trend was regardless of the different PTG types. The entire grafted area was not filled with new bone suggesting that bone migration occurred mostly from the existing cortical bone side suggesting contact osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ryo Jimbo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine Malmö University SE Sweden
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Aziz J, Ahmad MF, Rahman MT, Yahya NA, Czernuszka J, Radzi Z. AFM analysis of collagen fibrils in expanded scalp tissue after anisotropic tissue expansion. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:1030-1038. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Kiani MT, Takzare N, Khoshzaban A, Jalilianfar E, Aghajanpour L, Tabrizi R. Histological Changes in the Periosteum Following Subperiosteal Expansion in Rabbit Scalp. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 76:900-904. [PMID: 28911959 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In intraoral bone grafting, tension-free coverage of the recipient site with periosteal flap results in optimal wound closure. Tissue expansion could be a suitable modality to obtain soft tissue in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to assess the histology of the periosteum after subperiosteal expansion in the rabbit scalp. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this animal study, 6 rectangular tissue expanders were placed in the skulls of 6 male white New Zealand rabbits; in 6 control rabbits, an incision was made to the periosteum but no expansion was performed. Three months after the surgeries, the rabbits were sacrificed and tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome. RESULTS The number of osteoblasts, fibroblasts, and blood vessels and the density of collagen fibers were significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the control group (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Subperiosteal tissue expansion in the rabbit scalp markedly increased the histologic components of the periosteum involved in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Taghi Kiani
- Assistant Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shahid Beheshti Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Takzare
- Assistant Professor, Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad Khoshzaban
- Senior Researcher, Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Imam Khomeini Medical Complex Hospital, Bio-Dental Materials Department, Dental Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Jalilianfar
- Dentist, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Aghajanpour
- Researcher, Stem Cell Preparation Unit, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Tabrizi
- Associate Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shahid Beheshti Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Periosteal Distraction Osteogenesis: An Effective Method for Bone Regeneration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2075317. [PMID: 28078283 PMCID: PMC5203878 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2075317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of bone defects is challenging and controversial. As a new technology, periosteal distraction osteogenesis (PDO) uses the osteogenicity of periosteum, which creates an artificial space between the bone surface and periosteum to generate new bone by gradually expanding the periosteum with no need for corticotomy. Using the newly formed bone of PDO to treat bone defects is effective, which can not only avoid the occurrence of immune-related complications, but also solve the problem of insufficient donor. This review elucidates the availability of PDO in the aspects of mechanisms, devices, strategies, and measures. Moreover, we also focus on the future prospects of PDO and hope that PDO will be applied to the clinical treatment of bone defects in the future.
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Anderud J, Jimbo R, Abrahamsson P, Adolfsson E, Malmström J, Wennerberg A. The impact of surface roughness and permeability in hydroxyapatite bone regeneration membranes. Clin Oral Implants Res 2015; 27:1047-54. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Anderud
- Department of Prosthodontics; Faculty of Odontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
- Maxillofacial Unit Halmstad; Region Halland; Halmstad Sweden
| | - Ryo Jimbo
- Department of Prosthodontics; Faculty of Odontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
| | | | | | - Johan Malmström
- Maxillofacial Unit Halmstad; Region Halland; Halmstad Sweden
| | - Ann Wennerberg
- Department of Prosthodontics; Faculty of Odontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
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Asa'ad F, Rasperini G, Pagni G, Rios HF, Giannì AB. Pre-augmentation soft tissue expansion: an overview. Clin Oral Implants Res 2015; 27:505-22. [PMID: 26037472 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the development of soft tissue expanders, their different types and their potential applications prior to bone augmentation and implant placement. MATERIAL AND METHODS A review of pertinent literature was performed using PubMed to comprehend the dynamics of soft tissue expanders and determine the current position of their pre-augmentation applications. RESULTS There is promising, albeit preliminary information regarding the benefits of pre-augmentation soft tissue expansion. Findings cannot be generalised due to relatively small sample size. CONCLUSIONS Further clinical trials with larger sample sizes and long-term follow-up are needed before soft tissue expanders can be confidently applied in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Asa'ad
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Polyclinic, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Rasperini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Polyclinic, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pagni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Polyclinic, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Hector F Rios
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Michigan Center for Oral Health Research, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aldo B Giannì
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Polyclinic, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Mertens C, Thiele O, Engel M, Seeberger R, Hoffmann J, Freier K. The Use of Self-Inflating Soft Tissue Expanders Prior to Bone Augmentation of Atrophied Alveolar Ridges. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2013; 17:44-51. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mertens
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Oliver Thiele
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Engel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Robin Seeberger
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jürgen Hoffmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Kolja Freier
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
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Park SH, Choi SK, Jang JH, Kim JW, Kim JY, Kim MR, Kim SJ. Self-inflating oral tissue expander for ridge augmentation in the severely atrophic mandible. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 39:31-4. [PMID: 24471015 PMCID: PMC3858160 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2013.39.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In dentistry, tissue expanders have been used to obtain sufficient soft tissue for alveolar bone augmentation in the severely atrophic ridge. Herein, we review two cases of soft tissue augmentation using a self-inflating tissue expander in patients in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital for bone graft and implant operations. The results of each patient were presented using pre-operative and post-operative radiographs and clinical exams. The results of our study indicate successful bone graft and implant surgery using a self-inflating tissue expander.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ho Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Keun Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Hyun Jang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Rae Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Jong Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Periosteal expansion before local bone reconstruction using a new technique for measuring soft tissue profile stability: a clinical study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 70:e521-30. [PMID: 22871307 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the outcome of intraoral soft tissue expansion by measuring the profile change using objective 3D metering equipment and to evaluate localized bone grafting after soft tissue expansion with regard to gain of bone and complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a prospective study design, we asked patients with an osseous and soft tissue defect on the buccal aspect of the alveolar process to participate in this study. In 10 patients (experimental group) a self-inflatable soft tissue expander was placed under the periosteum. After 2 weeks, the expander was removed and a particulated onlay bone graft was placed in the expanded area, protected by a titanium mesh covered with a collagen membrane. Ten patients (reference group) were treated with a mandibular ramus bone block graft. The soft tissue profile was registered before each surgical procedure. The vertical and lateral dimensions of the bone grafts were noted at the grafting procedure and at the implant installation. P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS The mean soft tissue profile change was 2.9 ± 1.1 mm after soft tissue expansion and 2.3 ± 2.1 mm at implant placement in the experimental group compared with 1.5 ± 1.4 mm at implant placement in the reference group (P = .065). Two patients had minor perforations of the soft tissue expander. In the experimental group, the mean lateral bone augmentation after soft tissue expansion was 4.5 ± 1.3 mm, and after healing, it decreased to 3.9 ± 1.4 mm (P = .063). The mean vertical augmentation was 4.1 ± 1.7 mm and had decreased at implant placement to 3.0 ± 1.4 mm (P = .041). In the reference group, the mean lateral augmentation was 3.8 ± 0.8 mm, and after healing, it reduced to 2.7 ± 0.8 mm (P = .024). The mean vertical augmentation was 2.9 ± 0.9 mm, and after healing of the bone graft at implant placement, it was reduced to 1.6 ± 0.8 mm (P = .01). When smokers were excluded, there was significantly less resorption of the bone grafts in both lateral (P = .049) and vertical (P = .012) dimensions in the experimental group compared with the reference group. CONCLUSION Hydrogel expansion of the periosteum is an applicable method to achieve a surplus of soft tissue to cover bone grafts. More refinements to the technique may be required to minimize complications, especially in smoking patients.
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Abrahamsson P, Andersson G, Wälivaara D, Isaksson S. Soft-Tissue Expansion Before Local Bone Reconstruction Using a New Technique for Measuring Soft Tissue Profile Stability. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2011.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abrahamsson P, Isaksson S, Andersson G. Guided bone generation in a rabbit mandible model after periosteal expansion with an osmotic tissue expander. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011; 22:1282-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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