1
|
Adhikari RP, Haudenschild C, Sterba PM, Sahandi S, Enterlein S, Holtsberg FW, Aman MJ. Development of a novel multiplex electrochemiluminescent-based immunoassay for quantification of human serum IgG against 10 Staphylococcus aureus toxins. J Immunol Methods 2016; 430:33-42. [PMID: 26826278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemiluminescent (ECL)-based multiplex immunoassay using Meso-Scale Discovery (MSD) technology was developed for detecting antibody response toward 10 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) exotoxins. These 10 antigens included three different groups of toxins: 1) single component pore-forming toxins such as alpha- and delta-hemolysins, 2) the bicomponent pore-forming toxin Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), comprised of LukS-PV and LukF-PV subunits, and 3) enterotoxin/superantigens - Staphylococcal enterotoxins A (SEA), B (SEB), C1 (SEC1), D (SED), K (SEK) and Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). Assay development included optimization steps with a conventional SEB ELISA-based serological assay and then optimized parameters were transferred and re-optimized in a singleplex ECL format. Finally, two pentaplex solid-phase ECL formats were developed. As proof of concept, one set of pentaplex ECL data was compared with conventional ELISA results. During the assay development controls were screened and developed for both the singleplex and multiplex assays. ECL-based multiplex assays were more sensitive with a wide dynamic range and proved more time-efficient than conventional ELISAs. Using the newly developed ECL method we showed, for the first time, that delta-hemolysin toxin can induce an immune response as antibody titers could be detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajan P Adhikari
- Integrated Biotherapeutics Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States.
| | | | - Patricia M Sterba
- Integrated Biotherapeutics Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States
| | - Sara Sahandi
- Integrated Biotherapeutics Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States
| | - Sven Enterlein
- Integrated Biotherapeutics Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States
| | | | - M Javad Aman
- Integrated Biotherapeutics Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saraiva L, Rebeis ES, Martins EDS, Sekiguchi RT, Ando-Suguimoto ES, Mafra CES, Holzhausen M, Romito GA, Mayer MPA. IgG sera levels against a subset of periodontopathogens and severity of disease in aggressive periodontitis patients: a cross-sectional study of selected pocket sites. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41:943-51. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Saraiva
- Department of Periodontology; Dental School; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Estela S. Rebeis
- Department of Periodontology; Dental School; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Eder de S. Martins
- Department of Periodontology; Dental School; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Ricardo T. Sekiguchi
- Department of Periodontology; Dental School; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Ellen S. Ando-Suguimoto
- Department of Microbiology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | | | - Marinella Holzhausen
- Department of Periodontology; Dental School; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Giuseppe A. Romito
- Department of Periodontology; Dental School; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Marcia P. A. Mayer
- Department of Microbiology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brígido JA, da Silveira VRS, Rego RO, Nogueira NAP. Serotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in relation to periodontal status and geographic origin of individuals-a review of the literature. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2014; 19:e184-91. [PMID: 24316700 PMCID: PMC4015043 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.19304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Several studies have focused on the relationship among serotype distribution, ethnical status and geographic populations, and periodontal conditions. Studies that have investigated the prevalence and the distribution of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes and the relation between the different serotypes of the bacterium and periodontal status were reviewed.
Material and Methods: A systematic literature search for publications regarding the distribution of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes in subgingival samples of periodontitis patients and periodontally healthy subjects by employing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted.
Results: From the 85 studies identified in the first analysis, only 12 met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical isolates from diverse geographic populations with different periodontal conditions were evaluated. Serotypes a, b and c were largely found, and serotype c was the most prevalent. They were isolated from various periodontal conditions, including aggressive periodontitis.
Conclusions: The available literature suggests that serotypes a, b, and c are globally dominant, serotypes d and e are rare, and the prevalence of the most recently identified serotype fis still unknown. It is widely accepted that distribution patterns of A. actinomycetemcomitans vary among subjects of different ethnicity and geographic regions. The correlation of different serotypes with various periodontal conditions remains unclear.
Key words:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, serotypes, periodontal disease, prevalence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J-A Brígido
- Rua Monsenhor Furtado s/n, Bairro Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60430-170, Brazil,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Connective tissue graft plus resin-modified glass ionomer restoration for the treatment of gingival recession associated with non-carious cervical lesions: microbiological and immunological results. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:67-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0690-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
5
|
Ando ES, De-Gennaro LA, Faveri M, Feres M, DiRienzo JM, Mayer MPA. Immune response to cytolethal distending toxin of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in periodontitis patients. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45:471-80. [PMID: 20337882 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) is a genotoxin produced by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. In spite of its association with pathogenesis, little is known about the humoral immune response against the CDT. This study aimed to test whether subgingival colonization and humoral response to A. actinomycetemcomitans would lead to a response against CDT. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sera from periodontally healthy, localized and generalized aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis subjects (n = 80) were assessed for immunoglobulin G titers to A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes a/b/c and to each CDT subunit (CdtA, CdtB and CdtC) by ELISA. A. actinomycetemcomitans subgingival levels and neutralization of CDT activity were also analyzed. RESULTS Sera from 75.0% localized and 81.8% generalized aggressive periodontitis patients reacted to A. actinomycetemcomitans. A response to serotype b was detected in localized (66.7%) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (54.5%). Reactivity to A. actinomycetemcomitans correlated with subgingival colonization (R = 0.75, p < 0.05). There was no correlation between A. actinomycetemcomitans colonization or response to serotypes and the immunoglobulin G response to CDT subunits. Titers of immunoglobulin G to CdtA and CdtB did not differ among groups; however, sera of all generalized aggressive periodontitis patients reacted to CdtC. Neutralization of CDT was not correlated with levels of antibodies to CDT subunits. CONCLUSION Response to CdtA and CdtB did not correlate with the periodontal status of the subject in the context of an A. actinomycetemcomitans infection. However, a response to CdtC was found in sera of generalized but not of localized aggressive periodontitis subjects. Differences in response to CdtC between generalized and localized aggressive periodontitis subjects indicate that CDT could be expressed differently by the infecting strains. Alternatively, the antibody response to CdtC could require the colonization of multiple sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E S Ando
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kawamoto D, Ando ES, Longo PL, Nunes ACR, Wikström M, Mayer MPA. Genetic diversity and toxic activity ofAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansisolates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 24:493-501. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2009.00547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
7
|
Faveri M, Mayer MPA, Feres M, de Figueiredo LC, Dewhirst FE, Paster BJ. Microbiological diversity of generalized aggressive periodontitis by 16S rRNA clonal analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 23:112-8. [PMID: 18279178 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2007.00397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The purpose of this study was to determine the bacterial diversity in the subgingival plaque of subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis by using culture-independent molecular methods based on 16S ribosomal DNA cloning. METHODS Samples from 10 subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis were selected. DNA was extracted and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified with the universal primer pairs 9F and 1525R. Amplified genes were cloned, sequenced, and identified by comparison with known 16S rRNA sequences. RESULTS One hundred and ten species were identified from 10 subjects and 1007 clones were sequenced. Of these, 70 species were most prevalent. Fifty-seven percent of the clone (40 taxa) sequences represented phylotypes for which no cultivated isolates have been reported. Several species of Selenomonas and Streptococcus were found at high prevalence and proportion in all subjects. Overall, 50% of the clone libraries were formed by these two genera. Selenomonas sputigena, the species most commonly detected, was found in nine of 10 subjects. Other species of Selenomonas were often present at high levels, including S. noxia, Selenomonas sp. EW084, Selenomonas sp. EW076, Selenomonas FT050, Selenomonas sp. P2PA_80, and Selenomonas sp. strain GAA14. The classical putative periodontal pathogens, such as, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, was below the limit of detection and was not detected. CONCLUSION These data suggest that other species, notably species of Selenomonas, may be associated with disease in generalized aggressive periodontitis subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Faveri
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Teng YTA. The role of acquired immunity and periodontal disease progression. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ORAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ORAL BIOLOGISTS 2003; 14:237-52. [PMID: 12907693 DOI: 10.1177/154411130301400402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the pathogenesis in human periodontal diseases is limited by the lack of specific and sensitive tools or models to study the complex microbial challenges and their interactions with the host's immune system. Recent advances in cellular and molecular biology research have demonstrated the importance of the acquired immune system not only in fighting the virulent periodontal pathogens but also in protecting the host from developing further devastating conditions in periodontal infections. The use of genetic knockout and immunodeficient mouse strains has shown that the acquired immune response-in particular, CD4+ T-cells-plays a pivotal role in controlling the ongoing infection, the immune/inflammatory responses, and the subsequent host's tissue destruction. In particular, studies of the pathogen-specific CD4+ T-cell-mediated immunity have clarified the roles of: (i) the relative diverse immune repertoire involved in periodontal pathogenesis, (ii) the contribution of pathogen-associated Th1-Th2 cytokine expressions in periodontal disease progression, and (iii) micro-organism-triggered periodontal CD4+ T-cell-mediated osteoclastogenic factor, 'RANK-L', which is linked to the induction of alveolar bone destruction in situ. The present review will focus on some recent advances in the acquired immune responses involving B-cells, CD8+ T-cells, and CD4+ T-cells in the context of periodontal disease progression. New approaches will further facilitate our understanding of their underlying molecular mechanisms that may lead to the development of new treatment modalities for periodontal diseases and their associated complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Tung A Teng
- Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vilkuna-Rautiainen T, Pussinen PJ, Mattila K, Vesanen M, Ahman H, Doğan B, Asikainen S. Antigenically diverse reference strains and autologous strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans are equally efficient antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:4640-5. [PMID: 12454165 PMCID: PMC154631 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.12.4640-4645.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2002] [Revised: 09/06/2002] [Accepted: 09/23/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a major pathogen in periodontitis. Data on the clinical relevance of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels against this species are controversial. The aim of the present study was to elucidate how different strains used as antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) influence the detection of individuals with elevated serum IgG levels against A. actinomycetemcomitans. We hypothesized that the highest antibody levels are targeted to the autologous strains. A total of 19 strains-six antigenically diverse reference strains (serotypes a through e and a nonserotypeable strain) and 13 serotyped autologous strains-were used as whole-cell antigens in ELISA. Serum samples were from 26 untreated adult patients with periodontitis, whose subgingival bacterial samples were either culture positive (n = 13) or culture negative (n = 13) for A. actinomycetemcomitans, and from 10 culture-negative nonperiodontitis subjects. The highest individual (P < 0.05) IgG levels against the reference strains were most commonly against serotypes a and b in patients and against serotype c in nonperiodontitis subjects. The culture-positive patients had the highest (P < 0.05) IgG antibody levels against their autologous strains and against the reference strains of the same serotype. On the contrary, for these patients the levels of antibody against the reference strains of other serotypes were comparable to those of the nonperiodontitis subjects. The results indicated that the serum IgG antibody levels against A. actinomycetemcomitans strongly depend on the strains used as antigens in the ELISA. Elevated serum IgG levels against A. actinomycetemcomitans can be detected equally well using either the autologous strains or a variety of antigenically diverse reference strains as antigens.
Collapse
|
10
|
Pussinen PJ, Vilkuna-Rautiainen T, Alfthan G, Mattila K, Asikainen S. Multiserotype enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a diagnostic aid for periodontitis in large-scale studies. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:512-8. [PMID: 11825965 PMCID: PMC153358 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.2.512-518.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2001] [Revised: 09/20/2001] [Accepted: 11/08/2001] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common chronic oral infection caused by gram-negative bacteria, including Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Periodontitis evokes inflammatory host response locally in the periodontium but also systemically. The systemic humoral antibody response against oral pathogens can conveniently be measured by an immunoassay. The aim of the study was to measure serum immunoglobulin G class antibodies against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in which mixtures of several serotypes of the pathogens were used as antigens to avoid biasing of the results in favor of a particular strain. For A. actinomycetemcomitans the antigen consisted of six strains representing serotypes a, b, c, d, and e and one nonserotypeable strain. In the P. gingivalis ELISA, antigens representing serotypes a, b, and c were used. Serum samples from 90 subjects, including 35 samples from patients with diagnosed periodontitis, 10 samples from periodontally healthy controls, and 45 samples from randomly selected apparently healthy volunteers (referred to as "healthy subjects"), were tested. For both pathogens the antibody levels (means +/- standard deviations) of the patients--xpressed as area under the dilution curve--were significantly higher than those for healthy controls or healthy subjects, with values for A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis, respectively, as follows: patients, 22.60 +/- 9.94 mm(2) and 26.72 +/- 11.13 mm(2); healthy controls, 9.99 +/- 3.92 mm(2) and 6.90 +/- 3.38 mm(2); and healthy subjects, 16.85 +/- 6.67 mm(2) and 8.51 +/- 4.23 mm(2). The serotype mixture ELISA is suitable for measuring antibodies against periodontal pathogens in large epidemiological studies in order to evaluate the role of periodontitis as a risk factor for other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Pussinen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|