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Association Between Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (G-308A) Polymorphism and Chronic Periodontitis, Aggressive Periodontitis, and Peri-implantitis: A Meta-analysis. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2021; 21:101528. [PMID: 34479676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2021.101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic periodontitis (CP), aggressive periodontitis (AP), and peri-implantitis (PI) are chronic inflammatory diseases. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-a) is an effective immune inflammatory mediator. Several studies have been conducted to explore the association between the TNF-α (G-308A) polymorphism and susceptibility to CP, AP, and PI. Our objective was to examine whether the TNF-α (G-308A) polymorphism is related to these diseases. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between the TNF-α (G-308A) polymorphism and CP, AP, and PI. The PubMed, Embase, CNKI, and Web of Science electronic databases were searched for studies published from inception to August 11, 2020; the reference lists of included studies were also searched. The included studies were assessed in the following genetic models: dominant model, recessive model, allelic model, heterozygous model, and homozygous model. RESULTS Forty articles (50 comparisons) with 2243 CP, 824 AP, 615 PI, 795 healthy peri-implant, and 3575 healthy controls were considered for the TNF-α (G-308A) polymorphism in this meta-analysis. Variant A of TNF-α (G-308A) was associated with increased AP risk in the general population, especially in Asians, and this polymorphism was significantly associated with elevated risk of CP in Asians and Caucasians. There was no association between the A allele and PI risk. None of the contrasts of the genetic model yielded a significant finding in Latin Americans. Different genotyping methods may affect the association between the TNF-α (G-308A) polymorphism and these diseases. CONCLUSION These findings supported that variant A of the TNF-α (G-308A) polymorphism may contribute to CP and AP susceptibility, particularly in Asians and Caucasians. More efforts and further studies with larger sample sizes will be required to validate the risk of CP, AP, and PI.
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Heidari Z, Moudi B, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H. Immunomodulatory factors gene polymorphisms in chronic periodontitis: an overview. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:29. [PMID: 30755190 PMCID: PMC6373099 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic periodontitis (CP), defines as destruction of the supporting tissues of the teeth and resorption of the alveolar bone. It is widespread in human populations and represent an important problem for public health. CP results from inflammatory mechanisms created by the interaction between environmental and host genetic factors that confer the individual susceptibility to the disease. AIM The aim of the current study was to explore and summarize some functional biomarkers that are associated with CP susceptibility. METHODS CP is considered to be a multifactorial disease. The pathogenesis of multifactorial diseases is characterized by various biological pathways. The studies revealed that polymorphisms were associated with susceptibility to periodontal diseases. In other word, genetic variations can change the development of CP. However, there are some conflicting results, because there are different variations in frequency of some alleles in any populations. Therefore, we conducted the current review to completely understanding the special biomarkers for CP. RESULTS There is some evidence that SNPs in the IL-1α, IL-1β, IL1RN, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, TGF-β1, IFN-γ and VDR may be associated with CP susceptibility. CONCLUSION In conclusion, numerous studies have reported the host genetic factors associated with CP susceptibility and related traits. Therefore, it is prevail to study the multiple SNPs and their effects to find the useful diagnosis methods. The current study will investigate the relationship between polymorphisms in cytokine genes and the susceptibility to the chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heidari
- 0000 0004 0612 8339grid.488433.0Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran ,0000 0004 0612 8339grid.488433.0Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 98167-43175 Iran
| | - Bita Moudi
- 0000 0004 0612 8339grid.488433.0Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran ,0000 0004 0612 8339grid.488433.0Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 98167-43175 Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb
- 0000 0004 0612 8339grid.488433.0Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran ,0000 0004 0612 8339grid.488433.0Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 98167-43175 Iran
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Kaur G, Grover V, Bhaskar N, Kaur RK, Jain A. Periodontal Infectogenomics. Inflamm Regen 2018; 38:8. [PMID: 29760828 PMCID: PMC5937045 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-018-0065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are chronic infectious disease in which the pathogenic bacteria initiate the host immune response leading to the destruction of tooth supporting tissue and eventually result in the tooth loss. It has multifactorial etiological factors including local, systemic, environmental and genetic factors. The effect of genetic factors on periodontal disease is already under extensive research and has explained the role of polymorphisms of immune mediators affecting disease response. The role genetic factors in pathogens colonisation is emerged as a new field of research as "infectogenomics". It is a rapidly evolving and high-priority research area now days. It further elaborates the role of genetic factors in disease pathogenesis and help in the treatment, control and early prevention of infection. The aim of this review is to summarise the contemporary evidence available in the field of periodontal infectogenomics to draw some valuable conclusions to further elaborate its role in disease pathogenesis and its application in the clinical practice. This will open up opportunity for more extensive research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjeet Kaur
- Department of Periodontology, Dr Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishakha Grover
- Department of Periodontology, Dr Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nandini Bhaskar
- Department of Periodontology, Dr Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rose Kanwaljeet Kaur
- Department of Periodontology, Dr Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish Jain
- Department of Periodontology, Dr Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, India
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Prevalence of periodontal pathogens as predictor of the evolution of periodontal status. Odontology 2016; 105:467-476. [PMID: 27888369 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-016-0286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, its fimA genotypes, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola and the evolution of periodontal health. In a longitudinal prospective study, samples of subgingival plaque were taken from 114 patients (37 with chronic periodontitis, 17 with gingivitis, and 60 periodontally healthy) in the course of a full periodontal examination. PCR was employed to determine the presence of the periodontopathogenic bacteria. Four years later, a second examination and sample collection were performed in 90 of these patients (20 with chronic periodontitis, 12 with gingivitis, and 58 periodontally healthy). T. forsythia, P. gingivalis, and T. denticola are the most prevalent bacteria in patients with chronic periodontitis (78.4%, 62.2 y 56.8%, respectively). The P. gingivalis bacterium and its fimA genotypes I, II, and IV showed the highest correlation between the baseline and follow-up assessments. P. gingivalis fimA genotype II and T. forsythia were associated to a significant degree with unfavourable periodontal evolution. Of the variables studied, P. gingivalis fimA genotype II and T. forsythia increase the risk of an unfavourable evolution of periodontal status.
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Nibali L, Di Iorio A, Onabolu O, Lin GH. Periodontal infectogenomics: systematic review of associations between host genetic variants and subgingival microbial detection. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43:889-900. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Nibali
- Clinical Oral Research Centre; Institute of Dentistry; Queen Mary University London (QMUL); London UK
| | - Anna Di Iorio
- Library Services; UCL Eastman Dental Institute; London UK
| | | | - Guo-Hao Lin
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; University of Michigan School of Dentistry; Ann Arbor MI USA
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Stein JM, Machulla HKG, Deschner J, Fickl S, Jockel-Schneider Y, Tamm M, Schulz S, Reichert S. Prevalence of periodontitis in individuals with human leukocyte antigens (HLA) A9, B15, A2, and B5. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20:703-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tumor necrosis factor-α G-308A (rs1800629) polymorphism and aggressive periodontitis susceptibility: a meta-analysis of 16 case-control studies. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19099. [PMID: 26750615 PMCID: PMC4707537 DOI: 10.1038/srep19099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Association between tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) G-308A (rs1800629) polymorphism and susceptibility to aggressive periodontitis (AgP) were inconsistent, hence we performed this meta-analysis to clarify the association between them using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis v2.2 software. 16 case-control studies were searched from the PubMed, Embase and CNKI databases up to February 2, 2015. The meta-analysis showed a significantly increased risk in A vs. G (OR = 1.23, 95%CI = 1.04–1.44), AA vs. GG (OR = 2.07, 95%CI = 1.11–3.87), and AA vs. AG+GG genetic models (OR = 2.09, 95%CI = 1.13–3.86); however, the non-significantly increased risk was shown in AG vs. GG (OR = 1.06, 95%CI = 0.85–1.32) and AA+AG vs. GG genetic models (OR = 1.06, 95%CI = 0.85–1.31). Cumulative analysis showed that the association changed from non-significant to significant with new studies accumulated and the CIs became more and more narrow, sensitivity analysis indicated results were statistically robust. Stratified analyses of confirmed of HWE, Asians, Caucasians, and population-based controls obtained results similar to that of overall analysis. There was no evidence of publication bias. In summary, current evidence demonstrates that TNF-a G-308A polymorphism might be associated with AgP susceptibility, especially in Asians and Caucasians.
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Özer Yücel Ö, Berker E, Mesci L, Eratalay K, Tepe E, Tezcan İ. Analysis of TNF-α (-308) polymorphism and gingival crevicular fluid TNF-α levels in aggressive and chronic periodontitis: A preliminary report. Cytokine 2015; 72:173-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Schulz S, Reichert S, Streetz K, Trautwein C, Reichert Y, Gläser C, Schaller HG, Stein JM. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Oral Inflammation in Patients With Crohn Disease. J Periodontol 2014; 85:1424-31. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.130644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Ding C, Ji X, Chen X, Xu Y, Zhong L. TNF-α gene promoter polymorphisms contribute to periodontitis susceptibility: evidence from 46 studies. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41:748-59. [PMID: 24905365 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. TNF-α gene polymorphisms can influence the TNF-α production. Many studies have focused the association between TNF-α gene promoter polymorphisms and periodontitis risk, but these results are still controversial. MATERIALS AND METHODS A meta-analysis was performed to assess the effect of TNF-α -308G/A (rs1800629), -238G/A (rs361525) and -863C/A (rs1800630) polymorphisms on either chronic (CP) or aggressive periodontitis (AgP) risk. Odds ratios (ORs) along with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of the association. Forty-six studies involving 5186 cases and 6683 controls were retrieved and analyzed. RESULTS The TNF-α -308G/A AA genotype was associated with increased CP risk in Asians, non-smoking Asians and Caucasians, and this polymorphism was significantly associated with elevated risk of AgP in Asians and Caucasians. Asian individuals carrying AA genotype had a significantly increased risk for -863C/A. No significant association was identified between TNF -238G/A polymorphism and CP. CONCLUSIONS These findings supported that TNF-α -308G/A and -863C/A polymorphisms may contribute to the susceptibility of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ding
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Reichert S, Schlitt A, Beschow V, Lutze A, Lischewski S, Seifert T, Dudakliewa T, Gawe R, Werdan K, Hofmann B, Schaller HG, Schulz S. Use of floss/interdental brushes is associated with lower risk for new cardiovascular events among patients with coronary heart disease. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:180-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Reichert
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - A. Schlitt
- Department of Cardiology; Paracelsus-Harz-Clinic Bad Suderode; Quedlinburg Germany
| | - V. Beschow
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - A. Lutze
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III; Heart Centre of the University Clinics Halle (Saale); Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - S. Lischewski
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - T. Seifert
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III; Heart Centre of the University Clinics Halle (Saale); Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - T. Dudakliewa
- Department of Internal Medicine III; Heart Centre of the University Clinics Halle (Saale); Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - R. Gawe
- Department of Internal Medicine III; Heart Centre of the University Clinics Halle (Saale); Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - K. Werdan
- Department of Internal Medicine III; Heart Centre of the University Clinics Halle (Saale); Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - B. Hofmann
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Heart Centre of the University Clinics Halle (Saale); Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - H.-G. Schaller
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - S. Schulz
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
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Schulz S, Schlitt A, Lutze A, Lischewski S, Seifert T, Dudakliewa T, Gawe R, Werdan K, Hofmann B, Gläser C, Schaller HG, Reichert S. Genetic variants in TNFα and the one-year cardiovascular outcome in patients with coronary heart disease. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:1688-90. [PMID: 23601213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schulz
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.
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Schulz S, Schlitt A, Lutze A, Lischewski S, Seifert T, Dudakliewa T, Gawe R, Werdan K, Hofmann B, Gläser C, Schaller HG, Reichert S. The importance of genetic variants in TNFα for periodontal disease in a cohort of coronary patients. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39:699-706. [PMID: 22691114 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2012.01909.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the importance of genetic variants of TNFα for the severity of periodontal disease and periodontal risk factors with respect to periodontal risk factors in a cohort of coronary patients. SUBJECTS A total of 942 consecutive patients with angiographic proven coronary heart disease were prospectively included in the study entitled "Periodontitis and Its Microbiological Agents as Prognostic Factors in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease" (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT01045070). METHODS After including of patients, an extensive periodontal examination also involving PCR-sampling for 11 periodontal bacteria was performed. In this subanalysis, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) c.-308G>A, c.-238G>A and haplotypes for TNFα were analysed by CTS-PCR-SSP Tray kit (Heidelberg, Germany). RESULTS The AG+AA genotype of SNP c.-238G>A of TNFα gene was associated with the amount of clinical attachment loss in patients with coronary heart disease in multivariate regression analysis. Moreover, Prevotella intermedia occurred more frequently in carriers who were positive for the AG+AA genotype and A-allele of SNP c.-308G>A in bivariate and multivariate analyses. Furthermore, only in bivariate analyses significant associations of genetic variants of TNFα with intensified bleeding on probing and with higher plasma level of interleukin 6 could be shown. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variants of TNFα gene, namely c.-308G>A and c.-238G>A, are associated with periodontal conditions in patients with coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schulz
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
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Schulz S, Stein JM, Altermann W, Klapproth J, Zimmermann U, Reichert Y, Gläser C, Schaller HG, Reichert S. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in interleukin-1gene cluster and subgingival colonization with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in patients with aggressive periodontitis. Hum Immunol 2011; 72:940-6. [PMID: 21672595 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is initiated by the subgingival occurrence of periodontopathogens. It is triggered by a specific host-dependent immune response that is influenced by genetic predisposition. Polymorphisms in the interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene cluster have been suggested to influence the pathogenesis of periodontitis. A total of 159 periodontitis patients (chronic disease: n = 73, aggressive disease: n = 86) and 89 periodontitis-free controls were included in the study. Polymorphisms IL-1α (rs1800587), IL-1β (rs16944, rs1143634), IL-1 receptor (rs2234650), and IL-1 receptor antagonist (rs315952) were determined by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). Subgingival bacterial colonization was assessed using a polymerase chain reaction/DNA probe test (micro-Ident). Haplotype block structure was determined using Haploview 4.2. Statistical analyses were performed applying SPSS 17.0 considering dominant, recessive, and codominant genetic models. In this case-control study, no association between genomic variants of the IL-1 gene cluster and the incidence of severe periodontitis could be shown. Carriers of the rare genotypes of rs1800587 (p(corr) = 0.009), rs1143634 (p(corr) = 0.009) and composite genotype (rs1800587+rs1143634) (p(corr) = 0.031) had a twofold higher risk for subgingival occurrence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. In forward stepwise binary logistic regression analyses considering age, gender, smoking, and approximal plaque index as potential confounders these significant associations were demonstrated. Despite the genetic background of IL-1 gene cluster could be shown to be associated with subgingival colonization of A actinomycetemcomitans, there is no evidence that it is an independent risk indicator for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schulz
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University School of Dental Medicine, Martin-Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
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Schulz S, Hierse L, Altermann W, Klapproth J, Zimmermann U, Reichert Y, Gläser C, Kluttig A, Stein JM, Schaller HG, Reichert S. The del/del genotype of the nuclear factor-kappaB -94ATTG polymorphism and its relation to aggressive periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45:396-403. [PMID: 20337891 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01251.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontitis is influenced by specific host-dependent immune responses. Periodontopathogens induce innate immune responses, amongst others, via toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), resulting in activation of the nuclear transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate links between genetic variants of these genes and chronic/aggressive periodontitis in a multivariate model. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 141 patients with periodontitis (63 with chronic periodontitis and 78 with aggressive periodontitis) and 81 controls without periodontitis were included in the study. Polymorphisms in TLR2 (Arg677Trp, Arg753Gln) and in NF-kappaB (-94ins/delATTG) were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism and fragment length analyses, respectively. Subgingival bacterial colonization was evaluated using a PCR/DNA probe test (micro-Ident). RESULTS Although there was no association of the TLR2 polymorphism Arg753Gln with periodontitis, heterozygous carriers (Arg/Gln) were at a higher risk for colonization with bacteria of the 'red complex' (corrected p-value = 0.042). The del/del genotype of the NF-kappaB polymorphism was associated with aggressive periodontitis considering age, gender, smoking and approximal plaque index as potential confounders (odds ratio = 2.81, p = 0.035, 95% confidence interval: 1.08-7.33). del/del carriers had a higher risk for subgingival colonization with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (odds ratio = 2.36, p = 0.030, 95% confidence interval: 1.09-5.1; adjusted for age, gender, smoking and pocket depth(bacteria)). CONCLUSIONS The del/del genotype of NF-kappaB was shown to be associated with the occurrence of aggressive periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schulz
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University School of Dental Medicine, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
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Gene polymorphisms in chronic periodontitis. Int J Dent 2010; 2010:324719. [PMID: 20339487 PMCID: PMC2844543 DOI: 10.1155/2010/324719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to conduct a review of the literature for gene polymorphisms associated with chronic periodontitis (CP) susceptibility. A comprehensive search of the literature in English was performed using the keywords: periodontitis, periodontal disease, combined with the words genes, mutation, or polymorphism. Candidate gene polymorphism studies with a case-control design and reported genotype frequencies in CP patients were searched and reviewed. There is growing evidence that polymorphisms in the IL1, IL6, IL10, vitamin D receptor, and CD14 genes may be associated with CP in certain populations. However, carriage rates of the rare (R)-allele of any polymorphism varied considerably among studies and most of the studies appeared under-powered and did not correct for other risk factors. Larger cohorts, well-defined phenotypes, control for other risk factors, and analysis of multiple genes and polymorphisms within the same pathway are needed to get a more comprehensive insight into the contribution of gene polymorphisms in CP.
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Srinivasan U, Misra D, Marazita ML, Foxman B. Vaginal and oral microbes, host genotype and preterm birth. Med Hypotheses 2009; 73:963-75. [PMID: 19942083 PMCID: PMC4026093 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of infant mortality and morbidity in the US and across the globe. Infection and associated inflammation are important initiators for PTB pathways; an estimated 40% of PTBs are attributed to amniochorionic-decidual or systemic inflammation. Historically, intrauterine infections have been implicated in PTB; recent evidence suggests that infections remote from the fetal site may also be causative. There is strong epidemiological evidence that bacterial vaginosis and periodontitis--two syndromes characterized by perturbations in the normal vaginal and oral bacterial microflora, respectively--are linked to infection-associated PTB. Oral and vaginal environments are similar in their bacterial microbiology; identical bacterial species have been independently isolated in periodontitis and bacterial vaginosis. Periodontitis and bacterial vaginosis also share many behavioral and sociodemographic risk factors suggesting a possible common pathophysiology. Genetic polymorphisms in host inflammatory responses to infection are shared between bacterial vaginosis, periodontitis and PTB, suggesting common mechanisms through which host genotype modify the effect of abnormal bacterial colonization on preterm birth. We review the state of knowledge regarding the risk of PTB attributable to perturbations in bacterial flora in oral and vaginal sites and the role of host genetics in modifying the risk of infection-related PTB. We posit that bacterial species that are common in perturbed vaginal and oral sites are associated with PTB through their interaction with the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Srinivasan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Dutra WO, Moreira PR, Souza PEA, Gollob KJ, Gomez RS. Implications of cytokine gene polymorphisms on the orchestration of the immune response: lessons learned from oral diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2009; 20:223-32. [PMID: 19502097 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 10 years, a plethora of information concerning the influence of gene polymorphisms on cytokine expression has been made available in the literature. Significant contribution to this field has come from studies of oral diseases, one of the widest spread health problems in the world, affecting hundreds of millions worldwide. Here we will discuss the importance of studies of gene polymorphism towards the identification of susceptible groups or prognostic indicators of oral disease. Additionally, we will highlight the differences in data obtained from genetically diverse populations and review the application of cytokine gene polymorphisms studies in oral diseases in autoimmune processes and parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walderez O Dutra
- Laboratory of Cell-Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil.
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