Trends of oral and pharyngeal cancer in Israel, by gender, age, ethnic group, and country of origin: 1970-2006

Factors associated with recurrence in patients with oral cancer in Mongolia

INTRODUCTION

In Mongolia, there has been limited research on the posttreatment survival rate, recurrence, and occurrence of oral cancer. The goal of this study is to investigate the risk factors that contribute to the recurrence of oral cancer to increase survival rates, facilitate early detection, and improve treatment accuracy.

METHOD

A retrospective cohort method was used, with medical records from 173 patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth at the National Cancer Center of Mongolia's Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Radio, and Chemotherapy between 2012 and 2017. The Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences' Research Ethics Committee approved the project.

RESULTS

The findings revealed that 109 cases (63.0%) were men and 64 (37.0%) were females, with a large proportion of patients (28.3%) falling between the ages of 61 and 70. Men had a 3.8 times higher risk of cancer recurrence than women (OR = 3.79, CI = 1.24-11.57). Furthermore, lymph node metastases and treatment were linked to oral cancer recurrence.

CONCLUSION

This study offers light on the factors that influence the recurrence of oral cancer, giving useful insights for improving patient outcomes through early detection and proper treatment.

Commonest Cancers in Pakistan - Findings and Histopathological Perspective from a Premier Surgical Pathology Center in Pakistan

CONTEXT

There are no recent authoritative data about incidence and prevalence of various types of cancers in Pakistan.

AIM

To determine the frequency of malignant tumors seen in our practice and provide a foundation for building a comprehensive cancer care strategy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

10,000 successive cases of solid malignant tumors reported in 2014 were included. All cases had formalin fixed, paraffin embedded specimens available and diagnosis was based on histological examination of H and E stained slides plus ancillary studies at the Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. The latest WHO classifications were used along with the latest CAP protocols for reporting and the most updated TNM staging.

RESULTS

There were 9,492 (94.9%) primary tumors while 508 (5.1%) were metastatic. Some 5,153 (51.5%) were diagnosed in females and 4,847 (48.5%) in males. The commonest malignant tumors in females were breast (32%), esophagus (7%), lymphomas (6.8%), oral cavity (6.7%) and ovary (4.8%), while in males they were oral cavity (13.9%), lymphomas (12.8%), colorectum (7.9%), stomach (6.9%) and esophagus (6.6%). Malignant tumors were most common in the 5th, 6th and 7th decades. About 8% were seen under 20 years of age.

CONCLUSIONS

Oral cavity and gastrointestinal cancers continue to be extremely common in both genders. Breast and esophageal cancers are prevalent in females. Lung and prostate cancer are less common than in the west. Ovarian cancer was very common but cervix cancer was less so.

Trends in human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal cancer in Israel

BACKGROUND

The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in oropharyngeal cancer (SCC) is well established. The annual incidence of oropharyngeal SCC in Israel is considerably lower than that in the United States. The purpose of this study was to assess the rate of HPV-related oropharyngeal SCC in Israel.

METHODS

The cohort included patients with oropharyngeal SCC who were treated during 1999 to 2011 in Israel. HPV typing was carried out using reverse hybridization and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS

Of the 74 patients analyzed, 25 (33.7%) had detectable HPV DNA. Patients in the HPV-positive group tended to be younger, with a higher rate of nodal metastases, and no history of smoking (p < .02).

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrated a rate of HPV-related oropharyngeal SCC in Israel as approximately 3-fold lower than in Western countries. Low exposure to HPV-16, a lower rate of transformation, to cancer or protective genetic factors may contribute to the lower rate of oropharyngeal SCC in Israel. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E274-E278, 2016.

Burden of human papillomavirus infection and related diseases in Israel

This manuscript provides the available data on the burden of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and HPV-related diseases in Israel. The incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) among Jewish women was 17.4 per 100,000 in 2007, showing an increase since 1997. The incidence of cervical cancer was 5.3 per 100,000 Israeli Jewish women and 2.3 per 100,000 Israeli non-Jewish women in 2007. This rate is relatively low compared to other developed countries, and could be explained by cultural and religious factors such as male circumcision or sexual behavior. Mortality rates were around 1.5 per 100,000 Israeli women in 2007. Incidences of other anogenital, oral cavity, and pharynx cancers are very low, below 1.0 per 100.000 Israeli women and men. Information is scarce on HPV prevalence and HPV type distribution among women with cervical cancer. HPV types 16 and 18 were the two most common types in both preneoplastic lesions and cervical cancer, representing 60% of total invasive cases. Data on genital warts show an incidence rate of 239 per 100,000 men and 185 per 100,000 women, similar to that found in other Western countries. Despite these low incidences, it is important to improve the information on the overall burden of HPV-related morbidity and on the HPV prevalence to evaluate an organized cervical cancer screening program and the introduction of the HPV vaccine in the national school-based vaccine program. This article forms part of a regional report entitled "Comprehensive Control of HPV Infections and Related Diseases in Israel" Vaccine Volume 31, Supplement 8, 2013. Updates of the progress in the field are presented in a separate monograph entitled "Comprehensive Control of HPV Infections and Related Diseases" Vaccine Volume 30, Supplement 5, 2012.

Oral and pharyngeal cancer among the Arab population in Israel from 1970 to 2006

BACKGROUND

Israeli Arabs are considered as a developing society characterized by poverty and high levels of smoking among men. The purpose of this study was to describe their incidence, mortality and survival rates for oral and pharyngeal cancer between the years 1970-2006. Studies such as this in the Arab world, where the population is almost the same as the Arab population in Israel, are rare.

METHODS

The incidence and survival data were derived from all relevant registered data at the National Cancer Registry. The group of lesions included cancer of the lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth, salivary glands, gums, palate and pharynx. Morphological description was according to WHO classification.

RESULTS

Most diagnosed patients were male. The mean age was 54.4 years, and mean years of survival were 3.83. The oropharynx was the most common site (28.3%) while the palate was the least frequent (3.12%). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common histological feature (66.3%), while basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was the least (3.9%). The overall 5 years survival rate was 59.4%, this being highest for BCC (82.1%), while SCC was significantly lower (56.2%) (p<0.001). Lip cancers survived better than other sites.

CONCLUSIONS

Data from this society are similar to other developing societies in the majority of the results. The incidence of oral and pharyngeal cancer is lower among the Arab population, in comparison to the Jewish population in Israel.

Trends and distribution of oral and pharyngeal lymphoma in Israel

OBJECTIVES

To describe the distribution and trends of oral and pharyngeal lymphoma cases in Israel.

METHODS

Incidence rates were derived from the Israel National Cancer Registry and included all registered data from 1970 to 2006. Oral lymphoma included the tongue, mouth, salivary glands, tonsils, and pharynx. Morphological description was according to WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms.

RESULTS

A total of 670 cases were diagnosed, mean age 59.5 years, half were over 65 years old. Tonsils were the most prevalent site of involvement (36.0%), followed by the pharyngeal region and salivary glands. Over the years, the prevalence of lymphoma in salivary glands increased by 49%, whereas in tonsils lymphoma decreased by 28.6%. The overall 5-year survival rate was 57% with best rates among young people.

CONCLUSION

The correlation of survival, type of lymphoma and age, was similar to extra-oral lymphoma. A trend of increased cases in the parotid region, dissimilar to other oral sites, raises a question of possible external factors or an increase in autoimmune diseases. Head and neck clinicians should be aware of different sites, types, and prognoses for the different age groups.

Public awareness about prevention and early detection of oral cancer: a population-based study in Northern Germany

INTRODUCTION

This study investigated the knowledge about oral cancer in a representative population sample of the state of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A representative survey (n=1000) was carried out by means of computer-aided phone interviews among the population of Schleswig-Holstein. Descriptive statistics of demographic variables and responses to the questionnaires were reported by means of counts and percentages. Knowledge about diagnostic items and risk factors was further analysed for socioeconomic factors.

RESULTS

66% of the sample was aware that oral cancer lesions are most often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Only 20-40% knew the two most common sites. More than 70% identified tobacco consumption and a prior oral cancer lesion as risk factors, consumption of alcohol and older age were identified by about 50%. The detailed analysis showed a relationship between a low level of knowledge and certain socioeconomic factors, e.g. older age, low level of education and employment.

CONCLUSIONS

This survey highlighted a general lack of public awareness about signs and symptoms of oral cancer and its risk factors. A low level of knowledge was associated with a low level of certain socioeconomic factors. These results should have implications for the design of a state-wide public awareness campaign.

The challenges of defining oral cancer: analysis of an ontological approach

An important inconsistency currently exists in the literature on oral cancer. Reviewing this literature, one finds that the term oral cancer is defined and described with great variation. In a search in PubMed, at least 17 different terms were found for titles of papers reporting data on oral cancer. The variability of the terms used for designating anatomic regions and type of malignant neoplasms for reporting oral cancer has hampered the ability of researchers to effectively retrieve information concerning oral cancer. Therefore, it is sometimes extremely difficult to provide meaningful comparisons among various studies of oral cancer. Recently, a new ontological strategy that is rooted in consensus-based controlled vocabularies has been proposed to improve the consistency of data in dental research (Smith et al. in J Am Dent Assoc 141:1173-1175, 2010). In this paper, we analyzed the terminology dilemma on oral cancer and explained the current situation. We proposed a possible solution to the dilemma using an ontology-based approach. The advantages for applying this strategy are also discussed.

Lip cancer: incidence, trends, histology and survival: 1970-2006

BACKGROUND

High levels of lip cancer have been reported among Israelis over the last four decades. Epidemiological descriptions and analyses for this region have not previously been presented.

OBJECTIVES

To establish the incidence, trends and histology of lip cancer and associated demographic variables in Israel over time.

METHODS

Data for 1970-2006 were derived from the Israel National Cancer Registry. Incidence and trends over time and analyses by lip site, sex, age, origin, histology and 5-year survival were studied.

RESULTS

Of 4337 new cases, most were found among men (61.4%), people aged over 53 years (75.5%), and those with lighter skin (62.6%). Lip cancer cases were 40 times more prevalent in the external than in the inner lip. The dominant tumour type was squamous cell carcinoma at the external lower lip and intraoral lip mucosa (predominantly in men) and basal cell carcinoma (originating from skin) at the external upper lip (predominantly in women). Minor salivary gland tumours, melanoma and metastases were also reported. Slight increases in the trend of upper lip cancer and decreases for lower lip cancer were reported.

CONCLUSIONS

Men, fair-skinned individuals and those over 53 years of age were at higher risk for lip cancer. A higher incidence of external lip cancer, compared with internal, may indicate a major role for sun exposure rather than smoking. The effect of public awareness campaigns as well as occupational changes, both related to sun exposure, should be studied carefully as potential factors in the changing incidence of lip tumours.