1
|
Rigali S, Cozzi C, Liszewski W. Identification of the pigments used in permanent makeup and their ability to elicit allergic contact dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 91:474-479. [PMID: 38825076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decorative tattoos are known to contain ingredients that may elicit allergic contact dermatitis; it is less well-known if permanent makeup pigments carry the same risk. OBJECTIVE Identify pigments used in permanent makeup inks sold in the United States and review cases of allergic contact dermatitis to these pigments. METHODS Using internet searches, permanent makeup inks sold in the United States were identified. Safety data sheets were used to catalog pigments used in permanent makeup. A subsequent literature search was performed to identify cases of allergic contact dermatitis to these pigments. RESULTS A total of 974 permanent makeup inks were reviewed, and 79 unique pigments were identified. The average product contained 4 pigments. Twenty of the pigments were inorganic metals, including carbon, iron, chromium, manganese, and molybdenum. Fifty-nine pigments were organic, of which most were azo, quinacridone, or anthraquinone dyes. A literature search revealed that 10 of the 79 pigments were associated with allergic contact dermatitis. CONCLUSION Permanent makeup primarily uses organic pigments, although some metallic pigments are still used. Physicians should also be aware that some of these pigments-both organic and inorganic-are known causes of allergic contact dermatitis. Of note, patch testing to these ingredients can be negative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rigali
- Rosalind Franklin University, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Cameron Cozzi
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Walter Liszewski
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, North Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oppel E, Kapp F, Böhm AS, Pohl R, Thomas P, Summer B. Contact sensitization to iron - a potentially underestimated metal allergen and elicitor of complications in patients with metal implants. Contact Dermatitis 2022; 86:531-538. [PMID: 35172024 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about sensitization to iron (Fe) in private, working and medical settings, particulary implantology. OBJECTIVES To investigate sensitization to metals, particularly to Fe, both in pre-implant individuals with presumed metal allergy and in patients with suspected metal implant allergy. To further characterize Fe-sensitized individuals. METHODS Analysis of patch test reactions to an Fe (II)-sulfate-containing metal series in 183 consecutive patients (41 pre-implant, 142 metal implant-bearers). Test readings on D2, D3 and D6. Evaluation of questionnaire-aided history, of metal reactivity patterns, and demographics of Fe-reactors. RESULTS Metal reactivity in pre-implant/implant/total group was: to nickel 39%/30%/32%; to cobalt 17%/15%/15%; to chromium 7%/13%/11%. Co-sensitizations cobalt/nickel (19/58) and cobalt/chromium (11/21) were significant at P < .001; co-sensitizations Fe/Nickel (4/10) and chromium/knee arthroplasty (11/73) at P = .03. Ten of 183 (5.5%) reacted to Fe (2 of 41 pre-implant patients, 8 of 142 implant-bearers) with 10 only reacting on D6. Fe-reactivity was highest in complicated knee arthroplasty (7/73). Further peculiarities of Fe reactors included frequent isolated Fe reactivity (6/10), occupational metal exposure (7/10), previous (par)enteral Fe-substitution (6/10). CONCLUSIONS The 5.5% prevalence of Fe-reactions suggests a potentially underestimated role of this metal allergen in general and in implant-bearers. The latter also show a distinct metal sensitization pattern. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Oppel
- Clinic for Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Kapp
- Clinic for Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Ann-Sophie Böhm
- Clinic for Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Pohl
- Clinic for Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Thomas
- Clinic for Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Burkhard Summer
- Clinic for Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Partovi E, Bahrami A, AfKhami A, Ghorbani Shahna F, Ghamari F, Farhadian M. Development of Membrane Hollow Fiber for Determination of Maleic Anhydride in Ambient Air as a Field Sampler. Ann Work Expo Health 2019; 63:797-805. [PMID: 31278410 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxz052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This research develops a rapid method for sampling and analysis of maleic anhydride (MA) in air using a one-step hollow fiber (HF) membrane in the liquid phase followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. A sampling chamber was prepared for sampling of MA with HF-supported de-ionized water absorbency. Several important parameters, such as sampling flow rate, sampling time, and breakthrough volume (BTV), were optimized at different concentrations using a central composite design. The results showed that sampling could be performed at the maximum period of 4 h with a flow rate of 1 mL min-1 for different concentrations (in the range of 0.05-2 mg m-3). The BTV was 240 mL. The relative standard deviations for the repeatability of interday and intraday were 7-10%, 10%, respectively, and the pooled standard deviation was 0.088. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation values were 0.033 and 0.060 mg m-3, respectively. Moreover, our findings revealed that the samples could be stored in sealed HF flexible plastic tubes in a cover at refrigerator temperature (4°C) for up to 7 days. The HF method was compared with method number 3512 National Institute Occupational Safety and Health for determination of MA. There was a good correlation (R2 = 0.99) between the two methods at a concentration of 0.05 to 2 mg m-3 in the laboratory and the average concentration of MA for both methods was 0.11 mg m-3 in the ambient air at an adhesive manufacturer. Our findings indicated that the proposed HF can act as a reliable, rapid, and effective approach for sampling of MA in workplaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Partovi
- Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdulrahman Bahrami
- Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abbas AfKhami
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farshid Ghorbani Shahna
- Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farhad Ghamari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Maryam Farhadian
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pigments in American tattoo inks and their propensity to elicit allergic contact dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 81:379-385. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
5
|
Narita K, Ishii Y, Vo PTH, Nakagawa F, Ogata S, Yamashita K, Kojima H, Itagaki H. Improvement of human cell line activation test (h-CLAT) using short-time exposure methods for prevention of false-negative results. J Toxicol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29540657 DOI: 10.2131/jts.43.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Recently, animal testing has been affected by increasing ethical, social, and political concerns regarding animal welfare. Several in vitro safety tests for evaluating skin sensitization, such as the human cell line activation test (h-CLAT), have been proposed. However, similar to other tests, the h-CLAT has produced false-negative results, including in tests for acid anhydride and water-insoluble chemicals. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the cause of false-negative results from phthalic anhydride was hydrolysis by an aqueous vehicle, with IL-8 release from THP-1 cells, and that short-time exposure to liquid paraffin (LP) dispersion medium could reduce false-negative results from acid anhydrides. In the present study, we modified the h-CLAT by applying this exposure method. We found that the modified h-CLAT is a promising method for reducing false-negative results obtained from acid anhydrides and chemicals with octanol-water partition coefficients (LogKow) greater than 3.5. Based on the outcomes from the present study, a combination of the original and the modified h-CLAT is suggested for reducing false-negative results. Notably, the combination method provided a sensitivity of 95% (overall chemicals) or 93% (chemicals with LogKow > 2.0), and an accuracy of 88% (overall chemicals) or 81% (chemicals with LogKow > 2.0). We found that the combined method is a promising evaluation scheme for reducing false-negative results seen in existing in vitro skin-sensitization tests. In the future, we expect a combination of original and modified h-CLAT to be applied in a newly developed in vitro test for evaluating skin sensitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Narita
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Yokohama National University.,Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Yuuki Ishii
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Yokohama National University
| | - Phuc Thi Hong Vo
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Yokohama National University
| | - Fumiko Nakagawa
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Yokohama National University
| | - Shinichi Ogata
- Department of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University
| | | | - Hajime Kojima
- Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Hiroshi Itagaki
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Yokohama National University
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Narita K, Vo PTH, Yamamoto K, Kojima H, Itagaki H. Preventing false-negatives in the in vitro skin sensitization testing of acid anhydrides using interleukin-8 release assays. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 42:69-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
7
|
Assessment of Industrial Antimony Exposure and Immunologic Function for Workers in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14070689. [PMID: 28672853 PMCID: PMC5551127 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated antimony exposure among employees in industries in Taiwan and evaluated whether their immunologic markers were associated with antimony exposure. We recruited 91 male workers and 42 male office administrators from 2 glass manufacturing plants, 1 antimony trioxide manufacturing plants, and 2 engineering plastic manufacturing plants. Air samples were collected at worksites and administrative offices, and each participant provided specimens of urine, blood, and hair to assay antimony levels. We also determined white blood cells, lymphocyte, and monocyte, IgA, IgE, and IgG in blood specimens. The mean antimony concentration in the air measured at worksites was much higher in the antimony trioxide plant (2.51 ± 0.57 mg/m3) than in plastic plants (0.21 ± 0.06 mg/m3) and glass plants (0.14 ± 0.01 mg/m3). Antimony levels in blood, urine, and hair measured for participants were correlated with worksites and were higher in workers than in administrators. The mean serum IgG, IgA, and IgE levels were lower in workers than in administrators (p < 0.001). Serum IgA and IgE levels in participants were negatively associated with antimony levels in air samples of workplaces, and in blood, urine, and hairs of participants. Serum IgG and IgE of all participants were also negatively associated with antimony levels in their hairs. In conclusion, the antimony exposure is greater for workers employed in the five industrial plants than for administrators. This study suggests serum IgG, IgA, and IgE levels are negatively associated with antimony exposure.
Collapse
|
8
|
Fage SW, Faurschou A, Thyssen JP. Copper hypersensitivity. Contact Dermatitis 2014; 71:191-201. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon W. Fage
- Department of Dermato-Allergology; National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; 2900 Hellerup Denmark
| | - Annesofie Faurschou
- Department of Dermato-Allergology; National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; 2900 Hellerup Denmark
| | - Jacob P. Thyssen
- Department of Dermato-Allergology; National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; 2900 Hellerup Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nicholson PJ, Llewellyn D, English JS. Evidence-based guidelines for the prevention, identification and management of occupational contact dermatitis and urticaria. Contact Dermatitis 2011; 63:177-86. [PMID: 20831687 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2010.01763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational contact dermatitis is the most frequently reported work-related skin disease in many countries. A systematic review was commissioned by the British Occupational Health Research Foundation in response to a House of Lords Science and Technology Committee recommendation. OBJECTIVES The systematic review aims to improve the prevention, identification and management of occupational contact dermatitis and urticaria by providing evidence-based recommendations. METHODS The literature was searched systematically using Medline and Embase for English-language articles published up to the end of September 2009. Evidence-based statements and recommendations were graded using the Royal College of General Practitioner's three-star system and the revised Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network grading system. RESULTS Three thousand one hundred and fifty-five abstracts were identified and screened. From these, 786 full papers were obtained and appraised. One hundred and nineteen of these studies were used to produce 36 graded evidence statements and 10 key recommendations. CONCLUSIONS This evidence review and its recommendations focus on interventions and outcomes to provide a robust approach to the prevention, identification and occupational management of occupational contact dermatitis and urticaria, based on and using the best available medical evidence.
Collapse
|
10
|
Helaskoski E, Kuuliala O, Aalto-Korte K. Occupational contact urticaria caused by cyclic acid anhydrides. Contact Dermatitis 2009; 60:214-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
11
|
Geier J, Lessmann H, Becker D, Thomas P. Allergologische Diagnostik bei Verdacht auf Implantatunverträglichkeit: Hinweise für die Praxis. Hautarzt 2008; 59:594-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00105-008-1587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
12
|
Granchi D, Cenni E, Tigani D, Trisolino G, Baldini N, Giunti A. Sensitivity to implant materials in patients with total knee arthroplasties. Biomaterials 2008; 29:1494-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
13
|
Bocca B, Forte G, Senofonte O, Violante N, Paoletti L, De Berardis B, Petrucci F, Cristaudo A. A pilot study on the content and the release of Ni and other allergenic metals from cheap earrings available on the Italian market. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2007; 388:24-34. [PMID: 17884145 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The capability of alloys used in cheap jewellery to release metal ions on contact with the skin causing allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is generally acknowledged. To reduce the diffusion of the Ni-induced ACD the Council Directive 94/27/EC [Council Directive 94/27/EC of 30 June 1994. Official Journal L 188, 22/07/1994, 1.] limited the total Ni content in alloys and its release rate in artificial sweat. In this work, three different aspects were explored: i) the frequency of skin sensitization to Ni-containing earrings in patients before and after the introduction of the Directive's limit; ii) metal composition of alloys by X-ray analysis; iii) metal leaching in artificial sweat followed by Sector Field Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS) quantification. Well-known allergenic metals, as Ni, Cr and Co, and possible emergent allergens, as Al, Ag, Au, Cd, Cu, Fe, Ir, Mn, Pb, Pd, Pt, Rh, Sn, V and Zn, were studied. Results showed that the frequency of allergy due to earrings did not decrease after the introduction of the Ni limit: in 1994 and in 2005 patients positive to Ni patch tests were 54.3% and 53.5%, respectively. The earring components analyzed were Fe-based or alloys of Cu/Zn or Fe/Cr/Ni, plated with a thin film of precious metal (Ag, Au) which, in several cases, was combined with a Ni layer beneath. Five out of 10 items were not in compliance with the Ni Directive 94/27/EC having a total Ni content >0.05%. In three cases the release of Ni concentrations was higher than the safe sensitizing limit given by the above mentioned Regulation (i.e., <0.5 microg/cm(2)/week). The release of Cu and Zn was very variable among the different pieces (Cu: 0.134-30.9 microg/cm(2)/week; Zn: 0.141-160 microg/cm(2)/week); two objects released high amounts of Fe (358 and 586 microg/cm(2)/week) and one released considerable Mn (21 microg/cm(2)/week). Lead was released from 70% of the objects, while Ag, Al, Cd, Co, Cr and Sn from ca. 30% of the items and concentrations of these elements were well below 0.5 microg/cm(2)/week. Vanadium was released by only one item whereas Au, Ir, Pd, Pt and Rh were never leached.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Bocca
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bocca B, Forte G, Petrucci F, Cristaudo A. Levels of nickel and other potentially allergenic metals in Ni-tested commercial body creams. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 44:1197-202. [PMID: 17566689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Revised: 04/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It is extensively well-known that Ni and other metals occurring as impurities in cosmetic products might give rise to contact dermatitis in subjects with pre-existing allergy. The present study on the content of 13 metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ir, Mn, Ni, Pb, Pd, Pt, Rh, and V) in moisturizing creams, labelled as "Ni-tested" (i.e., Ni content <100 ng g(-1)) and available on the Italian market, provides a basis for assessing their safety for consumers. Quantification of metals was performed by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after microwave-assisted acid digestion of products. The developed method had limits of quantification less than 0.8 ng g(-1) for all the elements; recovery was in the interval 88% (Cd, Co) to 110% (Hg), and precision was always under 7%. Nickel was present in all the products with levels between 17.5 and 153 ng g(-1); three skin creams were slightly above the concentration reported on the label. The other elements were at levels below 1 microg g(-1). The highest concentrations, in ng g(-1), of Co, Cr, Cu, and Mn were 222, 303, 51.2, and 59.9, respectively. Mean Cd, Pb, and V were below 5 ng g(-1), while Hg was absent in all the samples. Among the new emergent allergens, Ir and Rh were in traces or even undetectable, while Pt had levels of 2.65 and 6.28 ng g(-1) in two creams and Pd was equal to 1.07 ng g(-1) in one product. The overall results are below the sensitizing limit proposed for consumer products and, thus, probably have no significant toxicological effects. Nevertheless, some creams presented amounts of Co and Cr comparable to those of Ni and therefore they have to be monitored in consideration of their cross-reactivity as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Bocca
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Leis Dosil VM, Cabeza Martinez R, Suarez Fernandez RM, Lazaro Ochaita P. Allergic contact dermatitis due to manganese in an aluminium alloy. Contact Dermatitis 2006; 54:67-8. [PMID: 16426303 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-1873.2006.0729i.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
16
|
Pardo J, Rodríguez-Serna M, De La Cuadra J, Fortea JM. Allergic contact stomatitis due to manganese in a dental prosthesis. Contact Dermatitis 2004; 50:41. [PMID: 15059103 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.00271b.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Pardo
- Department of Dermatology, Valencia University General Hospital, Avenida Tres Cruces s/n, 46014 Valencia, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Salpietro CD, Gangemi S, Minciullo PL, Briuglia S, Merlino MV, Stelitano A, Cristani M, Trombetta D, Saija A. Cadmium concentration in maternal and cord blood and infant birth weight: a study on healthy non-smoking women. J Perinat Med 2003; 30:395-9. [PMID: 12442603 DOI: 10.1515/jpm.2002.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to measure, at delivery, maternal and cord blood cadmium levels (by means of atomic absorption spectrometry) in 45 healthy non-smoking pregnant women exposed to a low cadmium challenge, and to evaluate the relationship between these cadmium levels and the birth weight of the infants. Our results showed fairly low cadmium levels in maternal blood, in accordance with the fact that all women enrolled in this study lived in areas with low toxic metal contamination and that they did not smoke during their pregnancy. Furthermore, a highly significant direct correlation was found between maternal and cord blood cadmium concentrations. Since cadmium concentration appeared of the same order of magnitudine both in cord and maternal serum, one could speculate that cadmium is transferred easily from the mother to the fetus through the placenta. Finally, we found that birth weight is inversely correlated with maternal and cord blood cadmium concentrations; thus birth weight might be negatively influenced by cadmium levels as a result of the toxic effects of the metal on the placenta. Although preliminary, our data show that (also not-predictable) prenatal exposure to even low cadmium levels might be a risk factor for developmental impairment in infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo D Salpietro
- Operative Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Affiliation(s)
- W Hemmer
- Dermatologic and Pediatric Allergy Clinic, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gaddoni G, Baldassari L, Francesconi E, Motolese A. Contact dermatitis among decorators and enamellers in hand-made ceramic decorations. Contact Dermatitis 1993; 28:127-8. [PMID: 8458218 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1993.tb03370.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Gaddoni
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Faenza, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|