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Ge LL, Wang ZC, Wei CJ, Huang JX, Liu J, Gu YH, Wang W, Li QF. Unraveling intratumoral complexity in metastatic dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans through single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:4415-4429. [PMID: 37938367 PMCID: PMC10992304 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03577-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) stands as a rare and locally aggressive soft tissue tumor, characterized by intricated molecular alterations. The imperative to unravel the complexities of intratumor heterogeneity underscores effective clinical management. Herein, we harnessed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to conduct a comprehensive analysis encompassing samples from primary sites, satellite foci, and lymph node metastases. Rigorous preprocessing of raw scRNA-seq data ensued, and employing t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (tSNE) analysis, we unveiled seven major cell populations and fifteen distinct subpopulations. Malignant cell subpopulations were delineated using infercnv for copy number variation calculations. Functional and metabolic variations of diverse malignant cell populations across samples were deciphered utilizing GSVA and the scMetabolism R packages. Additionally, the exploration of differentiation trajectories within diverse fibroblast subpopulations was orchestrated through pseudotime trajectory analyses employing CytoTRACE and Monocle2, and further bolstered by GO analyses to elucidate the functional disparities across distinct differentiation states. In parallel, we segmented the cellular components of the immune microenvironment and verified the presence of SPP1+ macrophage, which constituted the major constituent in lymph node metastases. Remarkably, the CellChat facilitated a comprehensive intercellular communication analysis. This study culminates in an all-encompassing single-cell transcriptome atlas, propounding novel insights into the multifaceted nature of intratumor heterogeneity and fundamental molecular mechanisms propelling metastatic DFSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Ge
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Chao Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Jiang Wei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Xuan Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hui Gu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Feng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is an uncommon dermal neoplasm that exhibits a high rate of local recurrence and infiltrative behavior, but has a low risk of metastasis. It arises as a slowly progressive, painless pink or violet plaque. Histologically, DFSP is characterized by a monomorphous spindle cell proliferation in a storiform pattern. The gold standard of treatment is surgical resection with negative margins. In cases where obtaining clear margins is not possible, radiation and systemic therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib mesylate, has been shown to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey Allen
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, 517 Moye Boulevard, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
| | - Christine Ahn
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 4618 Country Club Road, Winston Salem, NC 27104, USA
| | - Omar P Sangüeza
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 4618 Country Club Road, Winston Salem, NC 27104, USA
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Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans: An Immunomarker Study of 57 Cases That Included Putative Mesenchymal Stem Cell Markers. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018; 25:586-591. [PMID: 28362700 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a low-grade fibroblastic sarcoma with a superficial location that has been suggested to potentially be a type of mesenchymal stem cell tumor. We studied the expression of various immunomarkers, including putative stem cell markers, in a series of 57 DFSPs including variants, and 12 dermatofibromas (DFs). CD105, a mesenchymal stem cell marker, was weakly expressed in 24 DFSPs, whereas other stem cell markers, including CD133, ALK-1, and Oct3/4, were completely negative in all samples. The expression rates of CD105 and CD34 were significantly higher in DFSP (42% and 93%) than in DF (0% and 17%), and CD10 and D2-40 were significantly lower in DFSP (40% and 3.5%) than in DF (100% and 33%), respectively. CD99, CD117, PDGFB, and PDGFRβ expression was comparable between the groups. CD105 mesenchymal cells were not observed in non-neoplastic dermis. In summary, we did not obtain sufficient immunohistochemical evidence to support the DFSP as a cutaneous mesenchymal stem cell tumor. CD34 alone was the most consistent marker of DFSP, irrespective of its variants. Because CD34 non-neoplastic mesenchymal cells were distributed in a location similar to that of DFSP, we suggest that DFSP might have originated from CD34 mesenchymal cells in the dermis.
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Gerhards NM, Sayar BS, Origgi FC, Galichet A, Müller EJ, Welle MM, Wiener DJ. Stem Cell-Associated Marker Expression in Canine Hair Follicles. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 64:190-204. [PMID: 26739040 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415627679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional hair follicle (HF) stem cells (SCs) are crucial to maintain the constant recurring growth of hair. In mice and humans, SC subpopulations with different biomarker expression profiles have been identified in discrete anatomic compartments of the HF. The rare studies investigating canine HF SCs have shown similarities in biomarker expression profiles to that of mouse and human SCs. The aim of our study was to broaden the current repertoire of SC-associated markers and their expression patterns in the dog. We combined analyses on the expression levels of CD34, K15, Sox9, CD200, Nestin, LGR5 and LGR6 in canine skin using RT-qPCR, the corresponding proteins in dog skin lysates, and their expression patterns in canine HFs using immunohistochemistry. Using validated antibodies, we were able to define the location of CD34, Sox9, Keratin15, LGR5 and Nestin in canine HFs and confirm that all tested biomarkers are expressed in canine skin. Our results show similarities between the expression profile of canine, human and mouse HF SC markers. This repertoire of biomarkers will allow us to conduct functional studies and investigate alterations in the canine SC compartment of different diseases, like alopecia or skin cancer with the possibility to extend relevant findings to human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora M Gerhards
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (NMG, BSS, AG, EJM, MMW, DJW)
| | - Beyza S Sayar
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (NMG, BSS, AG, EJM, MMW, DJW),Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, Institute of Animal Pathology and DermFocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (BSS, AG, EJM)
| | - Francesco C Origgi
- Center for Fish and Wildlife Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (FCO)
| | - Arnaud Galichet
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (NMG, BSS, AG, EJM, MMW, DJW),Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, Institute of Animal Pathology and DermFocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (BSS, AG, EJM)
| | - Eliane J Müller
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (NMG, BSS, AG, EJM, MMW, DJW),Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, Institute of Animal Pathology and DermFocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (BSS, AG, EJM),Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (EJM)
| | - Monika M Welle
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (NMG, BSS, AG, EJM, MMW, DJW)
| | - Dominique J Wiener
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (NMG, BSS, AG, EJM, MMW, DJW)
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Abstract
CONTEXT Immunohistochemistry is not a diagnostic test but a highly valuable tool that requires interpretation within a context. OBJECTIVE To review the current status and limitations of immunohistochemistry in dermatopathology. DATA SOURCES English-language literature published between 1980 and 2014. CONCLUSIONS Although immunohistochemistry is rarely completely specific or sensitive, it is an important adjunctive technique in dermatopathology and can be helpful in a series of diagnostic dilemmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammie Ferringer
- From the Departments of Dermatology and Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
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Wollina U. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in a 10-year-old child. J Dermatol Case Rep 2013; 7:121-4. [PMID: 24421865 DOI: 10.3315/jdcr.2013.1160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a rare mesenchymal malignancy in childhood and adolescence. The tumor is characterized by dermal spindle cell proliferation with infiltration of subcutaneous tissue, expression of CD34, and a specific fusion of the platelet-derived growth factor beta with the collagen type 1alpha1 gene. MAIN OBSERVATION We observed a 10-year-old girl with a medaillon-like, asymptomatic plaque on the chest that was diagnosed as DSFP. The tumor was completely removed by delayed Mohs surgery. Follow-up so far has shown a complete response. CONCLUSIONS The prognosis of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in children is excellent as long as early diagnosis is followed by complete excision with Mohs surgery as a golden standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Dresden, Germany
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Serra-Guillén C, Llombart B, Nagore E, Requena C, Traves V, Llorca D, Kindem S, Alcalá R, Guillén C, Sanmartín O. High immunohistochemical nestin expression is associated with greater depth of infiltration in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: a study of 71 cases. J Cutan Pathol 2013; 40:871-8. [PMID: 23962157 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) was recently shown to express nestin, a marker that has been associated with poorer prognosis when present in high levels in certain tumors. The objective of this study is to explore the association between high nestin expression and deep invasion. METHODS We performed a retrospective, observational study in which we evaluated the degree of nestin expression in 71 DFSP. The odds of fascial involvement was calculated before and after adjusting for the following confounders: age, sex, tumor size, time to diagnosis, tumor site, the presence of fibrosarcomatous areas, pleomorphism, number of mitotic figures and predominant histopathologic pattern. We also calculated the Spearman Rho correlation coefficient between nestin staining intensity and depth of invasion. RESULTS Nestin immunopositivity was found in 98.6% of the tumors, and high expression levels were significantly associated with invasion of the fascia. The odds of fascial involvement in tumors with strong nestin staining was 6.56 (p = 0.001) before adjustment for confounders and 14.86 after adjustment (p = 0.007). The Spearman rho correlation coefficient between nestin expression and deep invasion was 0.287 (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION High inmunohistochemical nestin expression appears to be associated with deeper invasion in DFSP.
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Abstract
Urinary diversion after radical cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer normally takes the form of an ileal conduit or neobladder. However, such diversions are associated with a number of complications including increased risk of infection. A plausible alternative is the construction of a neobladder (or bladder tissue) in vitro using autologous cells harvested from the patient. Biomaterials can be used as a scaffold for naturally occurring regenerative stem cells to latch onto to regrow the bladder smooth muscle and epithelium. Such engineered tissues show great promise in urologic tissue regeneration, but are faced with a number of challenges. For example, the differentiation mesenchymal stem cells from various sources can be difficult and the smooth muscle cells formed do not precisely mimic the natural cells.
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