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Asif M, Hussain A, Ali I, Baloch Z, Rasool M, Achakzai NM. Cytogenetical and hematological analysis of chronic myelogenous leukemia patients with a novel case 52XX, t (1;9;22) (q23.3; q34; q11.2), +6, +8, i(9) (q10;q10), +18,+19,+21+der22 t(9;22)(q34;q11). Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31670. [PMID: 36397339 PMCID: PMC9666132 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
(9;22) (q34; q11) translocation is appear in above ninety percent of chronic myelogenous leukemia patients while variant/complex translocations were observed in almost 5% to 8% chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) positive cases. Gleevec (Imatinib Mesylate) is the first choice breakpoint cluster region (BCR)/ABL targeted oral therapy that produced a complete response almost in 71% to 80% of patients affected with CML. A complete blood count (CBC) of 37 patients was done during diagnosis, however only 21 showed abnormal CBC values which were selected for the study. Karyotyping study using bone marrow samples was performed on 21 CML patients for the conformation of 9;22, however, fluorescence in situ hybridisation was performed for the detection of the BCR-ABL fusion gene of 15 patients. Out of 21, 17 patients showed Ph-positive (9;22) (q34; q11) translocation. Sixteen CML patients showed standard translocation however only CML patients showed a three-way variant/complex translocation with six additional chromosomes, 52XX, t(1;9;22) (q23.3;q34;q11),+6,+8, i(9)(q10;q10), +18,+19,+21 + der22 t(9;22)(q34;q11)). Here we report we report a novel case of six additional chromosomes with the three-way translocation of 52XX, t(1;9;22) (q23.3;q34;q11),+6,+8, i(9)(q10;q10), +18,+19,+21 + der22 t(9;22)(q34;q11) in blast phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif
- Department of Biotechnology, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
- Office of Research Innovation and Commercialization, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Abrar Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
- * Correspondence: Niaz M. Achakzai, Department of Molecular Biology, DNA Section, Legal Medicine Directorate, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan (e-mail: )
| | - Irfan Ali
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zarak Baloch
- Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Rasool
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niaz M. Achakzai
- Department of Molecular Biology, DNA Section, Legal Medicine Directorate, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan
- * Correspondence: Niaz M. Achakzai, Department of Molecular Biology, DNA Section, Legal Medicine Directorate, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan (e-mail: )
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Dynamic length changes of telomeres and their nuclear organization in chronic myeloid leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:1086-102. [PMID: 24202335 PMCID: PMC3795380 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5031086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the t(9;22) translocation. As in most cancers, short telomeres are one of the features of CML cells, and telomere shortening accentuates as the disease progresses from the chronic phase to the blastic phase. Although most individual telomeres are short, some of them are lengthened, and long individual telomeres occur non-randomly and might be associated with clonal selection. Telomerase is the main mechanism used to maintain telomere lengths, and its activity increases when CML evolves toward advanced stages. ALT might be another mechanism employed by CML cells to sustain the homeostasis of their telomere lengths and this mechanism seems predominant at the early stage of leukemogenesis. Also, telomerase and ALT might jointly act to maintain telomere lengths at the chronic phase, and as CML progresses, telomerase becomes the major mechanism. Finally, CML cells display an altered nuclear organization of their telomeres which is characterized by the presence of high number of telomeric aggregates, a feature of genomic instability, and differential positioning of telomeres. CML represents a good model to study mechanisms responsible for dynamic changes of individual telomere lengths and the remodeling of telomeric nuclear organization throughout cancer progression.
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Yin CC, Abruzzo LV, Qiu X, Apostolidou E, Cortes JE, Medeiros LJ, Lu G. del(15q) is a recurrent minor-route cytogenetic abnormality in the clonal evolution of chronic myelogenous leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 192:18-23. [PMID: 19480932 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2009.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The del(15q) chromosomal abnormality is known to occur in acute leukemias, but has rarely been described in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Described here are five cases of CML associated with del(15q): four men and one woman. Bone marrow aspirate smears showed increased blasts in all cases at the time of del(15q) detection, in accelerated phase in two cases and myeloid blast phase in three. Conventional cytogenetic analysis showed t(9;22) and del(15q), as well as other inconsistent clonal abnormalities. All patients received imatinib mesylate; four received additional chemotherapy, and two had allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Of the three patients who did not receive ASCT, one died, one was in persistent blast phase, and one was in clinical remission with molecular evidence of residual disease at 16, 6, and 34 months, respectively, after identification of the del(15q). Of the two patients who had ASCT, one died and one was in clinical remission with molecular evidence of disease at 15 and 64 months, respectively, after identification of the del(15q). These findings indicate that del(15q) is a recurrent cytogenetic abnormality that may be seen at initial presentation of advanced disease or may emerge during disease progression. Del(15q) appears to be associated with a poor prognosis in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cameron Yin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Mitelman F, Levan G. Clustering of aberrations to specific chromosomes in human neoplasms. IV. A survey of 1,871 cases. Hereditas 2009; 95:79-139. [PMID: 7037692 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1981.tb01331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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5
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Mitelman F, Levan G. Clustering of aberrations to specific chromosomes in human neoplasms. III. Incidence and geographic distribution of chromosome aberrations in 856 cases. Hereditas 2009; 89:207-32. [PMID: 730541 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1978.tb01277.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has become a model in research and management among malignant disorders. Since the discovery of the presence of a unique and constant chromosomal abnormality slightly more than 40 years ago, substantial progress has been made in the understanding of the biology of the disease. This progress has translated into significant improvement in the longterm prognosis of patients with this disease. This change came first with the use of stem cell transplantation and interferon alfa, but recently it has opened the era of molecularly targeted therapies. Imatinib, a potent and selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, may be the best example of our attempts to identify molecular abnormalities and develop drugs directed specifically at them. Furthermore, the understanding of at least some of the mechanisms of resistance to imatinib has led to rapid development of new agents that may overcome this resistance. The outlook today for patients with CML is much brighter than just a few years ago. It is our hope that this fascinating journey in CML can be replicated in other malignancies. In this article, we review our current understanding of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Quintás-Cardama
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex 77030, USA
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Kirk JA, VanDevanter DR, Biberman J, Bryant EM. Y chromosome loss in chronic myeloid leukemia detected in both normal and malignant cells by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1994; 11:141-5. [PMID: 7530482 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.2870110302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of the Y chromosome in bone marrow (BM) cells is a normal age-associated event. Y chromosome loss is also observed in the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) positive BM cells of some patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase, but at a younger age than in normal individuals. While the significance of loss of the sex chromosome in normal males is uncertain, -Y marrow cells are not believed to be of clonal origin. However, because CML is a clonal disease, CML sub-populations with Y loss may constitute a disease-related sub-clone. We used a PCR-amplified yeast artificial chromosome containing the BCR gene region for single color interphase analysis of BCR rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Then, using two color FISH, with one fluorochrome detecting the BCR gene region and the other detecting Y chromosome repeat sequences, we surveyed peripheral and BM Y loss in both normal Ph- (BCR not disrupted) and CML Ph+ (BCR rearranged) interphase nuclei of two patients with Y loss in Ph positive cells observed by metaphase analysis. -Y was seen in a proportion of Ph+ cells in both cases, and the proportion matched that seen in Ph- cells, indicating that Y loss is probably sporadic in both normal and CML populations, and that the propensity for Y loss in normal BM cells may be a phenotype that can be retained by malignant cells in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Kirk
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98104
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Stopera SA, Ray M, Riordan D, Christie N, Wickstrom D. Variant Philadelphia translocations in chronic myeloid leukemia: correlation with cancer breakpoints, fragile sites and oncogenes. Cancer Lett 1990; 55:249-53. [PMID: 2257543 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(90)90126-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Four cases of variant Philadelphia (Ph1) translocations were found in 72 patients (5.5%) with Ph1-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). One previously unreported case was a simple variant translocation, namely, 46,XY,t(11;17)(q13;p13),t(17;22)(q25;q22); 46,XY,t(1;21)(q32;q11),t(11;17)(q13;p13), t(17;22)(q25;q11). Complex variant translocations were observed in three cases, namely, 46,XY,t(5;9;22)(q31;q34;q11),46,XX,t(8;9;22) (q22;q34;q11) and 46,XX,t(9;15;22) (q34;q15;q11). The chromosomal breakpoints in the cases of variant Ph1 translocations were the following: 1q32, 5q31, 8q22, 11q13, 15q15, 17p13, 17q25 and 21q11. Eight of the eight (100%) breakpoints were located in Giemsa-negative bands. Furthermore, seven of the eight (87%) variant Ph1 breakpoints correspond to the breakpoints present in consistent cancer arrangements. Three of the eight (38%) correspond to fragile sites and four of the eight (50%) correspond to oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Stopera
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Krulik M, Smadja N, de Gramont A, Gonzalez-Canali G, Audebert AA, Dray C, Brissaud P, Debray J. Sequential karyotype study on Ph-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia. Significance of additional chromosomal abnormalities during disease evolution. Cancer 1987; 60:974-9. [PMID: 3475159 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19870901)60:5<974::aid-cncr2820600510>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-eight patients with Ph-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), who all died of the disease, had cytogenetic studies throughout the progression of the disease: at diagnosis, during chronic phase (CP), accelerated phase (AP), and blastic transformation (BT). The aim of this sequential study was to appreciate the frequency and the significance of additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACA) during CML evolution, especially in the CP. In our series ACA were rare (five of 28 patients) and simple (four of five) in CP. They were much more frequent and complex in AP (11 of 16) and in BT (22 of 24) with complex abnormalities (13 of 24). In CP, ACA predictive value for metamorphosis was poor: only three of 13 patients had ACA within 1 year before BT, and only two of 11 within 1 year before AP. ACA were mainly observed during the last period before BT: ten of 17 patients studied within 6 months prior BT had ACA, but by then two of three were in AP. ACA, especially when complex, appear to be a hallmark of CML metamorphosis.
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Emilia G, Sacchi S, Selleri L, Zucchini P, Artusi T, Torelli U. Promyelocytic crisis of chronic myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 1987; 66:276-7. [PMID: 3475112 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1987.tb01313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Laï JL, Jouet JP, Savary JB, Fenaux P, Bauters F, Deminatti M. Chronic myelogenous leukemia with t(9;22) and t(8;11): a new chromosome anomaly. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1987; 25:103-7. [PMID: 3467825 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(87)90165-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A case of chronic myelogenous leukemia in an elderly man with a new translocation, t(8;11)(q24;q13), associated with a Philadelphia t(9;22) translocation is described. The clinical and hematologic aspects of the disease did not seem to differ from those of the usual cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia except for a basophilic blast crisis.
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Kubota K, Arai T, Shirakura T, Takeda T. Erythrocytosis and complex Ph translocation 46,XY,t(9;11;22) in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1987; 24:359-62. [PMID: 3466684 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(87)90119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A case of chronic myelogenous leukemia in the chronic phase with erythrocytosis and a complex Ph translocation is described. The karyotype was 46,XY,t(9;11;22)(q34;q13;q11). The granulocytic and erythroid overgrowth was controlled by busulfan therapy.
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13
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Abstract
The incidence of breakpoints in CML patients with variant translocations was investigated. There was no relationship between the length of various chromosomes with breakpoint frequency. However, a significantly higher (p less than 0.05) incidence of breaks were seen on the long arms as compared to the short arms due mainly to the involvement of 9q and 22q in these translocations. Chromosome 17 showed a significantly (p less than 0.005) higher involvement in these translocations, however only when 9q34-qter was not cytogenetically involved. A total of 683 breaks were found in 225 cases. 362 of these were located at c-abl and c-sis, while 110 were at other oncogenetic sites. The prognostic and hematologic features of patients with variant translocations are not significantly different from those of CML cases with the typical 9q;22q translocation. Some of these complex translocation, where the breakpoints are correlated with oncogenetic sites, are further discussed in molecular terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Verma
- Division of Genetics, Long Island College Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11201
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Swolin B, Weinfeld A, Westin J, Waldenström J, Magnusson B. Karyotypic evolution in Ph-positive chronic myeloid leukemia in relation to management and disease progression. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1985; 18:65-79. [PMID: 3861236 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(85)90041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In a prospective study of 32 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia the frequency of chromosome abnormalities in addition to the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) increased when the disease progressed. Before metamorphosis, 10 patients (31%) had developed additional abnormalities. Such abnormalities were present in three of them at the time of diagnosis; in the other seven, they were detected late in the chronic phase. New clonal abnormalities heralded or accompanied a more malignant phase of the disorder, usually a blastic leukemia. During metamorphosis, 78% of the patients had additional abnormalities, which in 68% of these cases comprised at least one of +8, +22q- or i(17q). Clones with additional abnormalities disappeared in eight cases, either spontaneously or in association with cytostatic therapy during the chronic or blastic phase. Involvement of chromosome #8, usually in the form of a trisomy, was found in 7 of 12 patients treated with busulfan, but was not found in any of the 10 hydroxyurea-treated patients, of whom 8 were splenectomized early during the chronic phase. Cells from the spleen, obtained by fine needle aspiration or splenectomy were cytogenetically examined in 18 cases during the chronic phase, but abnormalities in addition to the Ph were noted in only one patient, who was examined in the late chronic phase. The same abnormalities were present in bone marrow cells of this patient.
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Sadamori N, Matsunaga M, Yao E, Ichimaru M, Sandberg AA. Chromosomal characteristics of chronic and blastic phases of Ph-positive chronic myeloid leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1985; 15:17-24. [PMID: 3855376 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(85)90127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the appearance of chromosome changes, in addition to the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, as predictive and diagnostic parameters of transformation in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), such changes were analyzed in the chronic phase (CP) and compared with those of the blastic phase (BP) of CML. The common chromosome changes observed in the CP were loss of a Y (-Y), trisomy 8 (+8), an isochromosome for the long arm of chromosome #17 [i(17q)], a double Ph (+Ph), reciprocal translocations, and partial deletions. In most patients with chromosome changes in addition to the Ph, the percentage of abnormal clones increased steadily during the CP and was accompanied by other chromosome changes shortly before or at the onset of the BP, except for cases with -Y or i(17q) clones. In general, most chromosome changes observed shortly before or at the BP were complex. These facts suggest that complex chromosome changes could be utilized as predictive and diagnostic parameters of blastic transformation in CML.
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Harrison CJ, Chang J, Johnson D, Jack EM, Scott D, Harris R. Chromosomal evidence of a common stem cell in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic granulocytic leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1984; 13:331-6. [PMID: 6595053 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(84)90076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was found, at the time of diagnosis, to have an unusual Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) with a satellite marker. The disease evolved into the chronic phase of chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL), with persistance of the marker. Two months later, the patient died of ALL.
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Herrmann F, Komischke B, Kolecki P, Ludwig WD, Sieber G, Teichmann H, Rühl H. Ph1 positive blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukaemia exhibiting features characteristic of early T blasts. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY 1984; 32:411-6. [PMID: 6609423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1984.tb00697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Leukaemic cells from a patient in the blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukaemia were subjected to a surface marker analysis using a panel of monoclonal antibodies recognizing differentiation antigens of myeloid (MY7, MY906, VIM D5, M phi P9), erythroid (VIE G4), megakaryocyte (AN51), T-lymphoid (WT1, 10.2, OKT3, OKT4, OKT6, OKT8, OKT11A) and B-lymphoid cells (B1, B2, Y29/55), common ALL-antigen (VILA1), non-lineage-restricted antigens (OKT9, OKT10), monomorphic HLA-DR determinants (7.2) as well as TdT. When the patient entered his first blast crisis, his blasts expressed a phenotype corresponding to an immature myeloid cell (7.2+, MY7+, My906+, VIM D5-). Ph1-chromosome-positive blasts from this patient's first relapse had completely changed their surface marker characteristics: they had become TdT-positive and exhibited surface features characteristic of early T blasts (WT1+, 10.2+, OKT9+, OKT10+, 7.2-, OKT6-). Together, these features provide evidence that myeloid cells may share a common precursor with T cells.
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Friedhoff F, Rajendra B, Moody R, Alapatt T. Novel reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 8 and 9 found in a patient with myeloproliferative disorder. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1983; 9:391-4. [PMID: 6575862 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(83)90088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A reciprocal translocation between the short arm of chromosome 8 and the long arm of chromosome 9 is described. What appears to be a balanced translocation with breakage and reunion at bands 8p11 and 9q34 has not to our knowledge been previously observed. The abnormality is shown to be an acquired characteristic and was found in a patient with a myeloproliferative disorder whose clinical and laboratory findings were also compatible with Ph1-negative chronic granulocytic leukemia.
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Sadamori N, Sandberg AA. The clinical and cytogenetic significance of C-banding on chromosome #9 in patients with Ph1-positive chronic myeloid leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1983; 8:235-41. [PMID: 6572094 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(83)90140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The C-band polymorphism of chromosome #9 in 18 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with a Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) translocation between chromosomes #9 and #22 was examined using C- and Q-banding techniques on the same metaphases and the classification proposed by Patil and Lubs [1]. The C-band polymorphism of chromosome #9 in CML was found not to differ in leukemic cells with the Ph1 and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes without the Ph1 and to have a clonal origin, i.e., to arise from a single cell in which the Ph1 translocation has taken place. A comparison of the C-band polymorphism of chromosome #9, survival after diagnosis of the disease, and abnormal chromosomes in addition to the Ph1 indicates some interesting aspects. Patients with the smallest C-band (level 1) on chromosome #9 not involved in the Ph1 translocation and with a relatively large C-band (level 2) on chromosome #9 with the Ph1 translocation (C9-1,2) tend to have no clonal evolution and short survival after diagnosis of the disease. On the other hand, patients with other types of C-band patterns tend to have evidence of clonal evolution and long survival. This study suggests that the C-banding pattern in Ph1-positive CML might be utilized as a prognostic parameter in the disease and that the C-segment might have biological activity.
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Maddox AM, Keating MJ, Trujillo J, Cork A, Youness E, Ahearn MJ, McCredie KB, Freireich EJ. Philadelphia chromosome-positive adult acute leukemia with monosomy of chromosome number seven: a subgroup with poor response to therapy. Leuk Res 1983; 7:509-22. [PMID: 6578392 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(83)90046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-four adult patients were seen at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute at Houston, Texas between 1969 and 1980 with acute leukemia (AL) and a deleted G-group chromosome that was shown by Giemsa banding to be a Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome t(9;22) in 21 patients. Fourteen had the Ph1 chromosome as the sole abnormality, 12 had the Ph1 chromosome and loss of one chromosome of the C-group (identified by Giemsa banding analysis as number 7 in eight patients), while eight had the Ph1 chromosome and other changes. These three groups were similar in sex, age distribution and hematologic parameters. The median age of 40 was lower than usually seen in AL. The distribution of the morphologic subtypes was similar to that seen at this institution, with 50% being acute myeloblastic, 12% acute myelomonocytic, 20% lymphoblastic and 18% acute undifferentiated. The complete remission rate with chemotherapy was low: 25% in the Ph1 +/- 7, 50% in the Ph1 +/other group and 43% in the Ph1 +/other group. Median survival time was 8 months for the Ph1 +/- 7 group, 5.5 months for the Ph1 +/other group and 9.0 months for the Ph1 +/alone group. These patients with Ph1 + AL had higher white blood cell counts, increased extramedullary disease and poorer responses to therapy than usual for patients with AL. The deletion of chromosome 7 and the acquisition of the Ph1 chromosome identifies a group of patients with characteristics similar to all the patients with Ph1 + AL but a poor response to therapy and short remission duration.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y
- Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Middle Aged
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Smadja N, James J, Krulik M, Zittoun R, Debray J. Chronic myelogenous leukemia with a Philadelphia chromosome resulting from a complex translocation (2; 9; 22), following an undifferentiated acute leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1983; 8:1-8. [PMID: 6572546 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(83)90060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This case report concerns a patient with acute leukemia considered at diagnosis to be undifferentiated. Unfortunately, because of the failure of the culture, a cytogenetic evaluation was not possible at that stage. A full remission was induced, but 17 months after the onset of the disease the patient developed chronic myelogenous leukemia. The karyotypes prepared at that time and during the follow-up revealed the presence of a Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) in all examined cells. This Ph1 resulted from a complex translocation involving chromosomes No. 2, 9, and 22.
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Carbonell F, Benitez J, Prieto F, Badia L, Sánchez-Fayos J. Chromosome banding patterns in patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1982; 7:287-97. [PMID: 6962752 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(82)90045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
One hundred and nine patients with Ph1-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia were cytogenetically studied with banding methods. Seventy-eight patients were studied in the chronic phase and 39 patients in the blastic phase. The standard translocation was present in 107 cases. Two patients showed complex translocations involving chromosomes No. 6, 9, 22, 11 and No. 9, 22, 11, respectively. Ph1-negative cells were detected in 8 cases (7%). Chromosome aberrations in addition to the Ph1 chromosome were observed in 6 cases (8%) during the chronic phase. The karyotypic findings during the blastic phase were similar to those reported in the past [trisomy 8, iso(17q), and a second Ph1]. The significance of Ph1-negative cells, the geographic heterogeneity of the chromosomal aberrations, the effect of chemotherapy on the appearance of new clones, and the importance of the materials and methods used for the comparison of cytogenetic patterns at different laboratories are discussed.
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23
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Tomiyasu T, Sasaki M, Kondo K, Okada M. Chromosome banding studies in 106 cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia. JINRUI IDENGAKU ZASSHI. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 1982; 27:243-58. [PMID: 6962308 DOI: 10.1007/bf01901320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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24
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Geurts van Kessel AH, van Agthoven AJ, Hagemeijer A. Clonal origin of the Philadelphia translocation in chronic myeloid leukemia demonstrated in somatic cell hybrids using an adenylate kinase-1 polymorphism. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1982; 6:55-8. [PMID: 6286097 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(82)90021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid cell lines were derived from fusion of rodent cells with leukocytes from a t(9q+; 22q-)-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patient carrying a chromosome No. 9-linked adenylate kinase-1 (AK1) polymorphism (AK1 1-2). The AK1*2 allele was consistently expressed when 9q+ was present, whereas the AK1*1-coded isozyme was formed when the normal chromosome No. 9 was present. These results provide additional data confirming the clonal origin of the Ph1 translocation in CML.
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25
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Oshimura M, Ohyashiki K, Terada H, Takaku F, Tonomura A. Variant Ph1 translocations in CML and their incidence, including two cases with sequential lymphoid and myeloid crises. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1982; 5:187-201. [PMID: 6950809 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(82)90025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A serial cytogenetic study of 110 cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) has been performed with G- and/or Q-banding techniques with the following results. (1) Seven out of the 110 cases were karyotypically normal. (2) A variant Ph1 translocation was observed in three cases. In one case, the leukemic cells contained two reciprocal translocations, i.e., a t(3;9) (q21;q34) and a t(17;22)(q21;q11); therefore, a Ph1 chromosome was masked by a translocation of the deleted material from the 17q onto the band q11 of the long arm of a chromosome No. 22. In the second case, a variant Ph1 translocation involved chromosomes No. 9, 20, and 22, resulting in a karyotype interpreted as 46,XX,t(9q+;20q+;22q-); in this rearrangement, one of the segments, i.e., 9q31 or 9q33, seemed to be interstitially deleted and inserted into the interstitial region (q11) of a chromosome No. 20 and the 22q11 leads to qter was translocated onto the 9q. This is the first case in which chromosome No. 20 was involved in a variant Ph1 translocation. In the third case, the karyotype of leukemic cells was interpreted as 46,XX,t(5;9;22)(q13;q34;q11). (3) The frequency of Ph1-negative CML and that of Ph1-positive CML with various types of Ph1 translocation from 15 studies reported as series of 25 or more cases, including the present study, have been tabulated. The incidence of a variant Ph1 translocation was 4.1% (42/1027 cases of Ph1-positive CML); of the 42, 13 were of a simple type and 29 of a complex type. (4) In one case of the present study, a masked Ph1 by a translocation of material onto the short arm of the 22q- was observed in the blastic crisis but not in the chronic phase. From the present study and a review of the published cases, it appears that the incidence of such a "masked" Ph1, which cannot be detected by conventional Giemsa staining, is less than 0.6% in CML cases. (5) The first and the second cases with a variant Ph1 translocation mentioned above developed a myeloid blastic crisis after the induction of remission of a lymphoid blastic crisis. For the present, it is unclear whether the occurrence of such blast cells in the two cases and the cytogenetic findings are coincidental. However, the evidence supports the notion of "lymphoid-myeloid" multipotentiality of certain leukemic cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Bone Marrow Cells
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosomes, Human, 19-20/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, 4-5/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X/ultrastructure
- Female
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Translocation, Genetic
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Fleischman EW, Prigogina EL, Volkova MA, Frenkel MA, Zakhartchenko NA, Konstantinova LN, Puchkova GP, Balakirev SA. Correlations between the clinical course, characteristics of blast cells, and karyotype patterns in chronic myeloid leukemia. Hum Genet 1981; 58:285-93. [PMID: 6948765 DOI: 10.1007/bf00294925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Results of chromosome studies of blood and bone marrow cells from 101 patients with Ph1 positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) confirm the assumptions that clinical and morphologic manifestations of the disease correlate with karyotype peculiarities of leukemia cells. Several variants of the clinical course of CML may be distinguished. One is the variant with a short chronic phase and a comparatively long terminal phase. In blastic crisis the blast cells are peroxidase negative and do not possess cytoplasmic inclusions. Acute transformation occurs without any additional chromosome damage. The second, more common form is less severe because of longer chronic phase but it has a short and grave acute stage. The blast cells present definite signs of myeloid differentiation, they have basophilic or neutrophilic cytoplasmic granules and are peroxidase positive. Marker i(17q) often combined with trisomy 8 is a characteristic chromosome abnormality in the terminal stage of this variant. The third type has an extremely long chronic phase but ends in a rapidly progressing severe and resistant to therapy "lymphoid" blastic crisis. Blast cells have typical "lymphoid" morphology, they are peroxidase negative and contain granular PAS positive substance. Various additional chromosome changes appear in the terminal stage. Future studies of a larger series of patients may possibly reveal more CML variants.
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28
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Abstract
The bone marrow chromosomes of 15 patients with Ph1+ chronic granulocytic leukaemia were studied, using both G- and C-banding. In all cases the Ph1 chromosome was formed by the translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 and the material from chromosome 22 was found to be translocated randomly onto one or other of the pair of 9 chromosomes. Preliminary results suggest that when the translocation was on the 9 chromosome having a smaller C-band, additional abnormalities occurred in blastic transformation, whereas when the 9 chromosome with the larger C-band was involved in the translocation, additional abnormalities were not found in blastic transformation. These observations require confirmation from a larger series. C-banding also showed that there was a greatly increased heteromorphism of the C-band areas of the chromosome pair 9 in this disease, and an increased heteromorphism in the C-bands of chromosome pair 1, when compared with a control group.
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29
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Borgström GH. New types of unusual and complex Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) translocations in chronic myeloid leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1981; 3:19-31. [PMID: 6944149 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(81)90052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nine cases of Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia with an aberrant translocation are reported. In three cases an unusual translocation was found, the recipient chromosome being Nos. 14, 17, and 18, respectively. In six cases the translocation involved a third chromosome in addition to Nos. 9 and 22: there were two cases involving chromosome No. 1, two involving chromosome No. 14, one involving chromosome No. 3, and one involving chromosome No. 12. The clinical significance of the aberrant translocations and the translocation mechanism is discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Chromosomes, Human, 13-15
- Chromosomes, Human, 16-18
- Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y
- Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X
- Female
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Translocation, Genetic
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30
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Sessarego M, Bianchi Scarrà GL, Ajmar F, Salvidio E. Karyotype evolution in a case of chronic myelogenous leukemia with an unusual Philadelphia chromosome translocation, t(4;22), and an additional translocation, t(3;5). CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1981; 3:47-51. [PMID: 6944151 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(81)90055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia was found, at the time of diagnosis, to have an unusual Philadelphia chromosome translocation, t(4;22) (q35;q11) and an additional previously unreported translocation, t(3;5) (q27;q22). The blastic crisis, which occurred after 14 months, was characterized by the appearance of i(17q). Ten months later, two different hyperdiploid cell lines with 50 chromosomes were found in about 20% of the metaphases examined.
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31
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Abstract
To date, 85 cases with unusual Ph1 translocations have been described and are summarized in the present work. Of the 85 translocations, 41 were simple and 44 complex. Only chromosomes #1, #4, #8, and #20 and the Y have not been found to be involved in simple translocations and #12, #16, #18, #20 and the Y in complex ones. Chromosomes #18, #20, and Y have not been involved to date in either complex or simple Ph1 translocations. Four cases have been reported in whom more tan three chromosomes were involved in the Ph1 translocation and only four cases in whom the #9 was not involved in complex Ph1 translocations. The chromosomal changes, in addition to the Ph1, accompanying unusual Ph1 translocations in CML are not different from those seen in cases with the standard type of Ph1 translocation. Translocations (other than the Ph1) in CML occur in less than 1% of the cases and, to date, have found to involve all the chromosomes except the X and Y. With rare exceptions, in complex Ph1 translocations 1) the distal end of #22 is translocated to a third chromosome (i.e., other than #9), a part of which is translocated to #9, #2) the breaks in the involved chromosomes probably occur concomitantly, and 3) a characteristic PH1 chromosome is present. The survival of patients with CML and unusual or complex Ph1 translocations does not differ significantly from that of patients with the standard Ph1-translocation.
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32
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Carbonell F, Kratt E, Neuhaus K. Complex translocations between chromosomes #6, #9, #22, and #11 in a patient with chronic myelocytic leukemia: 46,XX,t(6;9;22;11)(p21;q34;q11;q13). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(80)90057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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33
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34
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35
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MITELMAN FELIX. Cytogenetics of Experimental Neoplasms and Non-random Chromosome Correlations in Man. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0308-2261(21)00170-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Wayne AW, Sharp JC, Joyner MV, Sterndale H, Pulford KA. The significance of Ph1 mosaicism: a report of six cases of chronic granulocytic leukaemia and two cases of acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 1979; 43:353-60. [PMID: 291438 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1979.tb03762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Six cases of chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) and two cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with dual populations of karyotypically normal and Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome-positive cells are described. GTG and QF-banding characterized the Ph1 as resulting from a 9/22 translocation in all eight cases. Four of the patients suffering from CGL presented with 100% Ph1-positive bone marrows, and after receiving intensive chemotherapy, karyotypically normal cells were demonstrated. The other two patients with CGL showed Ph1 mosaicism at presentation. The two patients with AML exhibited Ph1 mosaicism at presentation and throughout the course of the disease. In both of these patients, a marker No. 10 chromosome was found in some of the Ph1-positive cells and in one hyperdiploidy was observed to have developed only in the clone with the additional chromosome anomaly.
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37
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Kohno S, Van Den Berghe H, Sandberg AA. Chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia: XXXI. Dq- deletions and their significance in proliferative disorders. Cancer 1979; 43:1350-7. [PMID: 445335 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(197904)43:4<1350::aid-cncr2820430425>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Three cases with myeloproliferative disorders associated with Dq- deletions (13q- and 15q-) in their marrow cells are described. In addition, a summary of the experience with 14 cases of Dq- at Leuven, Belgium and the cases in the literature is presented. The findings indicate frequent involvement and susceptibility to deletion of the long arms of chromosomes No. 13 and No. 15 in lympho- and myeloproliferative disorders, thus adding these chromosomes to the list of those involved nonrandomly in human neoplasia.
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38
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Janossy G, Woodruff RK, Pippard MJ, Prentice G, Hoffbrand AV, Paxton A, Lister TA, Bunch C, Greaves MF. Relation of "lymphoid" phenotype and response to chemotherapy incorporating vincristine-prednisolone in the acute phase of Ph1 positive leukemia. Cancer 1979; 43:426-34. [PMID: 283875 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(197902)43:2<426::aid-cncr2820430204>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Forty-four patients with Ph positive leukemia (36 developing blast crisis after chronic phase and eight presenting in acute leukemia) were classified into subgroups on the basis of reactivity of blasts with an anti-serum made against non-T,non-B acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL+), levels of terminal transferase enzyme (TdT+) and morphology. Positivity with anti-ALL serum was the most sensitive and reliable marker, and TdT was an important aid. The presence of "lymphoid" blasts in blast crisis of CML was related to the response to chemotherapy incorporating Vincristine and Prednisolone (VP). Patients with ALL+ blasts frequently (14 of 15 cases) responded to therapy while 21 of 25 patients who had no ALL+ blasts failed to respond. The clinical course of the ALL+ patients was variable: eight patients remitted with return to the appearances of the chronic phase; four patients demonstrated elimination of the Ph1 positive clone with hypoplasia and this was followed by normal (Ph1 negative) marrow regeneration in two. Subsequent relapse was of either the ALL+ "lymphoid" or the ALL-myeloid type. A regimen incorporating VP should be the treatment of choice in "lymphoid" blast crisis of CML.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Neoplasm
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/etiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Lymphocytes/immunology
- Phenotype
- Prednisolone/administration & dosage
- Vincristine/administration & dosage
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39
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40
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Douglas ID, Wiltshaw E. Remission induction in chronic granulocytic leukaemia using intermittent high-dose busulphan. Br J Haematol 1978; 40:59-64. [PMID: 280361 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1978.tb03639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In a series of 19 patients, the pre-blastic phase of chronic granulocytic leukaemia was controlled with busulphan given as single doses of 50-100 mg at 2-weekly intervals. Although there was no significant increase in the incidence of Ph1-negative cells in the bone marrow, remissions of a better haematological quality were attained more rapidly than with conventional therapy.
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41
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Lindquist R, Gahrton G, Friberg K, Zech L. Trisomy 8 in the chronic phase of Philadelphia negative chronic myelocytic leukaemia. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY 1978; 21:109-14. [PMID: 279086 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1978.tb02501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An unusual case of Philadelphia negative chronic myelocytic leukaemia and an extra chromosome 8 in all bone marrow cells is described. The abnormality was present at diagnosis of the disease and throughout the chronic phase which lasted for somewhat less than 2 years. The patient died soon after the blastic transformation with no other chromosomal abnormalities.
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42
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Lyall JM, Brodie GN, Garson OM. A variant chromosomal translocation found in a series of 24 patients with Philadelphia positive chronic granulocytic leukaemia. AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 1978; 8:288-9. [PMID: 279326 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1978.tb04526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow chromosomes of 24 patients with Philadelphia positive (Ph 1) chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) were studied using banding techniques. In 23 patients, the Ph(1) had been produced by the standard translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, but in the remaining patient, the Ph(1) chromosome had been formed by a translocation between chromosomes 16 and 22. Clinical and haematological details of this patient are reported.
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43
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Abstract
A case of chronic myelogenous leukemia in which the disease pursued an atypical course is described. The presence of a previously unreported translocation t(1;20), in addition to a Ph' chromosome t(9;22), is demonstrated, and its possible significance and relationship to the disease are discussed.
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44
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Abstract
Fifty-seven Ph1-positive cases of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) were analyzed with chromosomal banding techniques and their karyotypic progression followed. These cases included 1 without evidence of a Ph1-translocation and 1 new patient with a complex Ph1-translocation involving chromosomes No. 9, No. 17 and No. 22. Of the 57 patients, 28 had the Ph1 as the only karyotypic anomaly, whereas the remaining 29 cases developed and/or were associated with chromosomal changes usually of a hyperdiploid nature, particularly in the blastic phase, in addition to the Ph1. Even though the additional karyotypic changes frequently included chromosomes No. 8, No. 17, No. 19 and No. 21, a large number of others was also involved, although less often. The series included 3 cases with different types of translocations unrelated to the Ph1. The cytogenetic observations have been correlated with some of the clinical parameters. The survival of the patients was evaluated in relation to the karyotypic findings, indicating that the chromosomal changes may not play as important a role in the prognostic and progressive aspects of Ph1-positive CML as that of other as yet undetermined factors.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, 16-18
- Chromosomes, Human, 19-20
- Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y
- Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Polyploidy
- Prognosis
- Translocation, Genetic
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45
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Najfeld V, Price TH, Adamson JW, Fialkow PJ. Myelofibrosis with complex chromosome abnormality in a patient with erythrocytosis due to hemoglobin Rainier and treated with 32P. Am J Hematol 1978; 5:63-9. [PMID: 747183 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.2830050109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A patient with familial erythrocytosis associated with Hemoglobin Rainier, and previously treated with 32P, developed myelofibrosis with a hyperdiploid chromosome clone in the myeloid cells (51,XX,+1,2q-(q33),+6,+9,+11,-19,+20q+,+mar 1.) This transformation from a benign disorder of differentiated erythrocytes to a malignant disorder may have been secondary to radiophosphorus therapy.
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46
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Lyall JM, Garson O. Non-random chromosome changes in the blastic transformation stage of Ph1-positive chronic granulocytic leukaemia. Leuk Res 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(78)90039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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47
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Abstract
Cytogenetic study of 17 cases of chronic myeloid leukaemia has shown that the Philadelphia chromosome is a variable entity, differing in size and banding pattern between individuals.
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48
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49
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Graze P, Sparkes R, Como R, Gale RP. Hematopoietic engraftment following transplantation of bone marrow cells carrying a Philadelphia (Ph')-like chromosome. Am J Hematol 1977; 3:137-42. [PMID: 341695 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.2830030204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A phenotypically normal donor for bone marrow transplantation was found to have a previously unreported karyotype, 46, XY, t(18q+;22q-), resulting in a Ph'-like chromosome. Identification of the Ph'-like chromosome in cultures of skin fibroblasts, phytohemaglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood cells, and bone marrow cells from the marrow donor, but not in cell cultures from siblings or parents, indicated that it represented an acquired somatic mutation. Demonstration of the Ph'-like chromosome in the marrow graft recipient's blood and bone marrow cells after transplantation provided a unique and definitive marker of engraftment. Hematopoiesis appeared normal in both the donor and recipient after transplantation. This study indicates that a mutation creating a Ph'-like chromosome in hematopoietic cells need not produce hematologic abnormality. Presence of this translocation did not appear to interfere with normal hematopoietic or lymphoid differentiation and replication in the transplant setting.
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50
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Sonta SI, Sandberg AA. Chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia: XXVIII. Value of detailed chromosome studies on large numbers of cells in CML. Am J Hematol 1977; 3:121-6. [PMID: 272120 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.2830030202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Comparison of the chromosome findings obtained on routine examination (10-50 cells) of the marrows from patients with Ph1-positive CML with those based on a large number (110-500 cells) of metaphases in six of these patients, in whom appropriate material was available, revealed the presence of small percentages of aneuploid cells in the marrow during the chronic phase of the disease and not seen with the routine procedure. These aneuploid cells may ultimately constitute the dominant clone during the blastic phase of the chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). Furthermore, karyotypically abnormal cells, in addition those observed on routine study, were detected in the blastic phase when a large number of cells was examined. The value and implications of these observations are discussed.
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