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Recent Developments of Circulating Tumor Cell Analysis for Monitoring Cutaneous Melanoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040859. [PMID: 35205608 PMCID: PMC8870206 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) originating from cutaneous melanoma patients have been studied for several decades as surrogates for real-time clinical status and disease outcomes. Here, we will review clinical studies from the last 15 years that assessed CTCs and disease outcomes for melanoma patients. Assessment of multiple molecular melanoma-associated antigen (MAA) markers by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was the most common assay allowing for the improvement of assay sensitivity, to address tumor heterogeneity, and to predict patient outcomes. Multicenter studies demonstrate the utility of CTC assays reducing the bias observed in single-center trials. Recent development of CTC enrichment platforms has provided reproducible methods. CTC assessment enables both multiple mRNAs and DNAs genomic profiling. CTC provides specific important translational information on tumor progression, prediction of treatment response, and survival outcomes for cutaneous melanoma patients. Abstract Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been studied using multiple technical approaches for interrogating various cancers, as they allow for the real-time assessment of tumor progression, disease recurrence, treatment response, and tumor molecular profiling without the need for a tumor tissue biopsy. Here, we will review studies from the last 15 years on the assessment of CTCs in cutaneous melanoma patients in relation to different clinical outcomes. The focus will be on CTC detection in blood samples obtained from cutaneous melanoma patients of different clinical stages and treatments utilizing multiple platforms. Assessment of multiple molecular melanoma-associated antigen (MAA) markers by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was the most common assay allowing for the improvement of assay sensitivity, tumor heterogeneity, and to predict patient outcomes. Multicenter studies demonstrate the utility of CTC assays reducing the bias observed in single- center trials. The recent development of CTC enrichment platforms has provided reproducible methods. CTC assessment enables both multiple mRNAs and DNAs genomic aberration profiling. CTC provides specific important translational information on tumor progression, prediction of treatment response, and survival outcomes for cutaneous melanoma patients. The molecular studies on melanoma CTCs have provided and may set standards for other solid tumor CTC analyses.
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Datz E, Zeman F, Koller M, Szeimies RM, Berneburg M, Landthaler M, Bosserhoff AK, Karrer S. Phototherapy-induced elevation of serum level of melanoma inhibitory activity. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2019; 35:255-260. [PMID: 30815924 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phototherapy is a frequently used treatment modality for a variety of dermatologic diseases. UV radiation has different effects on the skin, for example increased production and release of cytokines and other proteins, and is involved in the initiation and progression of skin cancer. Objective of this clinical trial was to investigate potential systemic effects of UV phototherapy on cytokine profiles in blood. METHODS In a prospective, mono-centric, one-armed study, the serum levels of the melanoma tumour marker "melanoma inhibitory activity" (MIA), Il-1α, Il-4, Il-6, Il-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ of 115 patients with different skin diseases were compared before and 24-48 hours as well as 2-4 weeks after the first phototherapy with PUVA (psoralen and ultraviolet A), UVA or UVB, or both. Data were analysed using linear mixed models. RESULTS Estimated marginal means of MIA levels were 6.05 ng/mL (95%-CI: 5.37-6.72, range: 2.83-14.49) before the first treatment, which had significantly increased to 6.79 ng/mL 2-4 weeks after the first phototherapy (CI 95%: 6.12-7.47, range: 3.09-15.45; P = 0.0042). MIA levels 2-4 weeks after the first phototherapy were significantly higher than 24-48 hours after the first phototherapy (P = 0.0083). 2-4 weeks after the first treatment, TNF-α levels had decreased significantly (P = 0.033) more in patients with psoriasis who had responded well to phototherapy than in patients unresponsive to treatment. Serum levels of the other cytokines had not changed significantly. CONCLUSIONS Short-term phototherapy significantly increased the serum levels of the melanoma tumour marker MIA. The potential clinical relevance of these findings (ie an increased risk of melanoma) is unclear and should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Datz
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Zeman
- Centre for Clinical Studies, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Koller
- Centre for Clinical Studies, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rolf-Markus Szeimies
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Klinikum Vest GmbH, Recklinghausen, Germany
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Landthaler
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja K Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sigrid Karrer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Arenberger P, Fialova A, Gkalpakiotis S, Pavlikova A, Puzanov I, Arenbergerova M. Melanoma antigens are biomarkers for ipilimumab response. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 31:252-259. [PMID: 27557295 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel immunotherapy modalities significantly improve survival of patients with metastatic melanoma. However, CTLA-4-blocking monoclonal antibody ipilimumab is effective only in a small proportion of patients. Biomarkers for prediction of treatment response are indispensably needed. OBJECTIVE To determine the utility of multimarker detection of circulating melanoma cells as prognostic and pharmacodynamic biomarker in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with ipilimumab. METHODS Patients (n = 62) with metastatic melanoma in unresectable stage III or metastatic stage IV treated with ipilimumab were recruited prospectively. The values of four melanoma markers on circulating cells Melan-A, gp100, MAGE-3 and melanoma inhibitory antigen prior to the treatment and within the therapy were compared to the data collected at baseline - after the melanoma surgery. RESULTS The immunotherapy pretreatment marker level was found to be prognostic of overall survival; lower levels were linked to longer survival time. Moreover, longitudinal follow-up of melanoma markers in patients treated with ipilimumab correlates with therapy response. A decline of marker levels by >30% at week 6 (in 83% of the responding subjects) to week 9 (in all responders) of ipilimumab administration was associated with response to therapy. Elevation of the tumour markers during the treatment precedes clinical progression and gives an early warning of treatment failure. CONCLUSION Melanoma circulating cells hold potential as predictive and pharmacodynamic biomarker of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Arenberger
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Faculty Hospital of Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Fialova
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Faculty Hospital of Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S Gkalpakiotis
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Faculty Hospital of Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Pavlikova
- Institute for Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty Hospital of Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - I Puzanov
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Arenbergerova
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Faculty Hospital of Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
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Arenberger P, Fialova A, Gkalpakiotis S, Pavlikova A, Arenbergerova M. Quantitative changes of melanoma-associated antigens as a biomarker for targeted therapy response. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:727-9. [PMID: 27561960 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Arenberger
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Faculty Hospital of Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Fialova
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Faculty Hospital of Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Spyridon Gkalpakiotis
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Faculty Hospital of Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Pavlikova
- Institute for Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty Hospital of Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Arenbergerova
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Faculty Hospital of Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
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Tachtsidis A, McInnes LM, Jacobsen N, Thompson EW, Saunders CM. Minimal residual disease in breast cancer: an overview of circulating and disseminated tumour cells. Clin Exp Metastasis 2016; 33:521-50. [PMID: 27189371 PMCID: PMC4947105 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-016-9796-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Within the field of cancer research, focus on the study of minimal residual disease (MRD) in the context of carcinoma has grown exponentially over the past several years. MRD encompasses circulating tumour cells (CTCs)—cancer cells on the move via the circulatory or lymphatic system, disseminated tumour cells (DTCs)—cancer cells which have escaped into a distant site (most studies have focused on bone marrow), and resistant cancer cells surviving therapy—be they local or distant, all of which may ultimately give rise to local relapse or overt metastasis. Initial studies simply recorded the presence and number of CTCs and DTCs; however recent advances are allowing assessment of the relationship between their persistence, patient prognosis and the biological properties of MRD, leading to a better understanding of the metastatic process. Technological developments for the isolation and analysis of circulating and disseminated tumour cells continue to emerge, creating new opportunities to monitor disease progression and perhaps alter disease outcome. This review outlines our knowledge to date on both measurement and categorisation of MRD in the form of CTCs and DTCs with respect to how this relates to cancer outcomes, and the hurdles and future of research into both CTCs and DTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tachtsidis
- St. Vincent's Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - L M McInnes
- School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - N Jacobsen
- School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - E W Thompson
- University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - C M Saunders
- School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Contador-Troca M, Alvarez-Barrientos A, Merino JM, Morales-Hernández A, Rodríguez MI, Rey-Barroso J, Barrasa E, Cerezo-Guisado MI, Catalina-Fernández I, Sáenz-Santamaría J, Oliver FJ, Fernandez-Salguero PM. Dioxin receptor regulates aldehyde dehydrogenase to block melanoma tumorigenesis and metastasis. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:148. [PMID: 26242870 PMCID: PMC4524442 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The dioxin (AhR) receptor can have oncogenic or tumor suppressor activities depending on the phenotype of the target cell. We have shown that AhR knockdown promotes melanoma primary tumorigenesis and lung metastasis in the mouse and that human metastatic melanomas had reduced AhR levels with respect to benign nevi. Methods Mouse melanoma B16F10 cells were engineered by retroviral transduction to stably downregulate AhR expression, Aldh1a1 expression or both. They were characterized for Aldh1a1 activity, stem cell markers and migration and invasion in vitro. Their tumorigenicity in vivo was analyzed using xenografts and lung metastasis assays as well as in vivo imaging. Results Depletion of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a1 (Aldh1a1) impairs the pro-tumorigenic and pro-metastatic advantage of melanoma cells lacking AhR expression (sh-AhR). Thus, Aldh1a1 knockdown in sh-AhR cells (sh-AhR + sh-Aldh1a1) diminished their migration and invasion potentials and blocked tumor growth and metastasis to the lungs in immunocompetent AhR+/+ recipient mice. However, Aldh1a1 downmodulation in AhR-expressing B16F10 cells did not significantly affect tumor growth in vivo. Aldh1a1 knockdown reduced the high levels of CD133+/CD29+/CD44+ cells, melanosphere size and the expression of the pluripotency marker Sox2 in sh-AhR cells. Interestingly, Sox2 increased Aldh1a1 expression in sh-AhR but not in sh-AhR + sh-Aldh1a1 cells, suggesting that Aldh1a1 and Sox2 may be co-regulated in melanoma cells. In vivo imaging revealed that mice inoculated with AhR + Aldh1a1 knockdown cells had reduced tumor burden and enhanced survival than those receiving Aldh1a1-expressing sh-AhR cells. Conclusions Aldh1a1 overactivation in an AhR-deficient background enhances melanoma progression. Since AhR may antagonize the protumoral effects of Aldh1a1, the AhRlow-Aldh1a1high phenotype could be indicative of bad outcome in melanoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0419-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Contador-Troca
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, 06071, Badajoz, Spain.
| | | | - Jaime M Merino
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, 06071, Badajoz, Spain.
| | | | - María I Rodríguez
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Javier Rey-Barroso
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, 06071, Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Eva Barrasa
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, 06071, Badajoz, Spain.
| | - María I Cerezo-Guisado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, 06071, Badajoz, Spain.
| | | | - Javier Sáenz-Santamaría
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina, 06071, Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Oliver
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, 18016, Granada, Spain.
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Vendittelli F, Paolillo C, Autilio C, Lavieri MM, Silveri SL, Capizzi R, Capoluongo E. Absolute quantitative PCR for detection of molecular biomarkers in melanoma patients: a preliminary report. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 444:242-9. [PMID: 25727516 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma is the most malignant tumours of skin and mucous membranes mainly due to its aggressive biological behaviour and tendency to generate early metastases. Unfortunately, the mechanisms underlying the development, progression and the expression of an aggressive melanoma phenotype still remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine whether a multi-panel of molecular transcripts can be predictive for risk of recurrent disease in malignant melanoma patients. RESULTS Peripheral blood was collected from 31 malignant melanoma patients in follow-up for melanoma and from 30 healthy volunteers randomly selected. Each specimen was examined by qRT-PCR analysis for the expression of six markers: PAX3d, TYR, MITFm, MCAM, TGFβ2 and ABCB5. Malignant melanoma patients expressed an important number of markers, with a median value of four markers. Only PAX3d displayed a trend in terms of differences when the levels of gene expression were made in function of Breslow index. Furthermore, PAX3d showed the best diagnostic capacity among the remaining residual markers or in combination with TGFβ2 and MTIF. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the usefulness of multimarker qRT-PCR to detect circulating melanoma cells in blood and to potentially assessing patient disease status or progression, especially when PAX3d was used in combination with MTIFm and TGFβ2.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vendittelli
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular and Personalized Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - C Paolillo
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular and Personalized Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - C Autilio
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular and Personalized Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - M M Lavieri
- Unit of Dermatology, Cristo Re Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - S L Silveri
- Department of Dermatology, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - R Capizzi
- Department of Dermatology, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - E Capoluongo
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular and Personalized Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
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Rapanotti MC, Suarez Viguria TM, Costanza G, Ricozzi I, Pierantozzi A, Di Stefani A, Campione E, Bernardini S, Chimenti S, Orlandi A, Bianchi L. Sequential molecular analysis of circulating MCAM/MUC18 expression: a promising disease biomarker related to clinical outcome in melanoma. Arch Dermatol Res 2014; 306:527-37. [PMID: 24902661 PMCID: PMC4107285 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-014-1473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
MCAM/MUC18 is a cell adhesion molecule associated with higher incidence of relapse in melanoma. The purpose of our study was to evaluate its role as a promising disease biomarker of progression through sequential molecular MCAM/MUC18 RT-PCR assay on serial blood samples collected during the clinical follow-up of 175 melanoma patients in different American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stages. MCAM/MUC18 molecular detection, found at least once in 22 out of the 175 patients, was significantly associated with poor prognosis and death (p < 0.001), regardless of the AJCC stages. Positive expression, either if primarily present or later acquired, was associated with melanoma progression, whereas patients primarily negative or with subsequent loss gained clinical remission or stable disease, even if in advanced stages (p < 0.005). Six AJCC advanced stages always MCAM/MUC18 negative are in complete remission or with a stable disease (p < 0.007). Semiquantitative immunohistochemical MCAM/MUC18 staining on corresponding primary melanomas was related to peripheral molecular expression. Correlations between circulating molecular and tissutal immunohistochemical detection, primary tumour thickness, AJCC stages and clinical outcome were statistically evaluated using Student's t test, ANOVA, Spearman's rank correlation test, Pearson χ (2)-test and McNemar's test. In our investigation, MCAM/MUC18 expression behaves as a "molecular warning of progression" even in early AJCC patients otherwise in disease-free conditions. Achievement of this molecule predicted the emergence of a clinically apparent status, whereas absence or persistent loss was related to a stable disease or to a disease-free status. If confirmed in larger case series, MCAM/MUC18 molecular expression could predict good or poor clinical outcome, possibly becoming a promising prognostic factor.
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Contador-Troca M, Alvarez-Barrientos A, Barrasa E, Rico-Leo EM, Catalina-Fernández I, Menacho-Márquez M, Bustelo XR, García-Borrón JC, Gómez-Durán A, Sáenz-Santamaría J, Fernández-Salguero PM. The dioxin receptor has tumor suppressor activity in melanoma growth and metastasis. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:2683-93. [PMID: 23843039 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly metastatic and malignant skin cancer having poor rates of patient survival. Since the incidence of melanoma is steadily increasing in the population, finding prognostic and therapeutic targets are crucial tasks in cancer. The dioxin receptor (AhR) is required for xenobiotic-induced toxicity and carcinogenesis and for cell physiology and organ homeostasis. Yet, the mechanisms by which AhR affects tumor growth and dissemination are largely uncharacterized. We report here that AhR contributes to the tumor-stroma interaction, blocking melanoma growth and metastasis when expressed in the tumor cell but supporting melanoma when expressed in the stroma. B16F10 cells engineered to lack AhR (small hairpin RNA for AhR) exacerbated melanoma primary tumorigenesis and lung metastasis when injected in AhR+/+ recipient mice but not when injected in AhR- /- mice or when co-injected with AhR-/- fibroblasts in an AhR+/+ stroma. Contrary, B16F10 cells expressing a constitutively active AhR had reduced tumorigenicity and invasiveness in either AhR genetic background. The tumor suppressor role of AhR in melanoma cells correlated with reduced migration and invasion, with lower numbers of cancer stem-like cells and with altered levels of β1-integrin and caveolin1. Human melanoma cell lines with highest AHR expression also had lowest migration and invasion. Moreover, AHR expression was reduced in human melanomas with respect to nevi lesions. We conclude that AhR knockdown in melanoma cells requires stromal AhR for maximal tumor progression and metastasis. Thus, AhR can be a molecular marker in melanoma and its activity in both tumor and stromal compartments should be considered.
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Reid AL, Millward M, Pearce R, Lee M, Frank MH, Ireland A, Monshizadeh L, Rai T, Heenan P, Medic S, Kumarasinghe P, Ziman M. Markers of circulating tumour cells in the peripheral blood of patients with melanoma correlate with disease recurrence and progression. Br J Dermatol 2012; 168:85-92. [PMID: 23013138 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimarker quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) represents an effective method for detecting circulating tumour cells in the peripheral blood of patients with melanoma. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether the phenotype of circulating melanoma cells represents a useful indicator of disease stage, recurrence and treatment efficacy. METHODS Peripheral blood was collected from 230 patients with melanoma and 152 healthy controls over a period of 3years and 9months. Clinical data and blood samples were collected from patients with primary melanoma (early stages, 0-II, n=154) and metastatic melanoma (late stages, III-IV, n=76). Each specimen was examined by qRT-PCR analysis for the expression of five markers: MLANA, ABCB5, TGFβ2, PAX3d and MCAM. RESULTS In total, 212 of the patients with melanoma (92%) expressed markers in their peripheral blood. Two markers, MLANA and ABCB5, had the greatest prognostic value, and were identified as statistically significant among patients who experienced disease recurrence within our study period, being expressed in 45% (MLANA) and 49% (ABCB5) of patients with recurrence (P=0·001 and P=0·031, respectively). For patients administered nonsurgical treatments, MCAM expression correlated with poor treatment outcome. CONCLUSIONS Circulating tumour cells were detectable at all stages of disease and long after surgical treatment, even when patients were considered disease free. Specifically, expression of ABCB5 and MLANA had significant prognostic value in inferring disease recurrence, while MCAM expression was associated with poor patient outcome after treatment, confirming multimarker qRT-PCR as a potential technique for monitoring disease status.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Reid
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Phillips JC, Lembcke LM, Noltenius CE, Newman SJ, Blackford JT, Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT. Evaluation of tyrosinase expression in canine and equine melanocytic tumors. Am J Vet Res 2012; 73:272-8. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.73.2.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jatana KR, Lang JC, Chalmers JJ. Identification of circulating tumor cells: a prognostic marker in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck? Future Oncol 2011; 7:481-4. [PMID: 21463135 DOI: 10.2217/fon.11.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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