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Rodrigues de Souza I, Savio de Araujo-Souza P, Morais Leme D. Genetic variants affecting chemical mediated skin immunotoxicity. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2022; 25:43-95. [PMID: 34979876 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2021.2013372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The skin is an immune-competent organ and this function may be impaired by exposure to chemicals, which may ultimately result in immune-mediated dermal disorders. Interindividual variability to chemical-induced skin immune reactions is associated with intrinsic individual characteristics and their genomes. In the last 30-40 years, several genes influencing susceptibility to skin immune reactions were identified. The aim of this review is to provide information regarding common genetic variations affecting skin immunotoxicity. The polymorphisms selected for this review are related to xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (CYPA1 and CYPB1 genes), antioxidant defense (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genes), aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway (AHR and ARNT genes), skin barrier function transepidermal water loss (FLG, CASP14, and SPINK5 genes), inflammation (TNF, IL10, IL6, IL18, IL31, and TSLP genes), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and neuroendocrine system peptides (CALCA, TRPV1, ACE genes). These genes present variants associated with skin immune responses and diseases, as well as variants associated with protecting skin immune homeostasis following chemical exposure. The molecular and association studies focusing on these genetic variants may elucidate their functional consequences and contribution in the susceptibility to skin immunotoxicity. Providing information on how genetic variations affect the skin immune system may reduce uncertainties in estimating chemical hazards/risks for human health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniela Morais Leme
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, Brazil
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Ramesh K, Matta SA, Chew FT, Mok YK. Exonic mutations associated with atopic dermatitis disrupt lympho-epithelial Kazal-type related inhibitor action and enhance its degradation. Allergy 2020; 75:403-411. [PMID: 31407378 DOI: 10.1111/all.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin desquamation is facilitated by serine proteases KLK5 and KLK7, which are tightly regulated by lympho-epithelial Kazal-type related inhibitor (LEKTI). LEKTI itself is controlled through degraded by mesotrypsin. Here, we sought to determine whether LEKTI exonic mutations associated with atopic dermatitis (AD) affect the protease inhibitory activity of LEKTI or its susceptibility to mesotrypsin degradation. METHODS The inhibitory activities of the LEKTI domain 4 (D4) and D6 WT and AD-associated mutants on the enzyme activities of KLK5 and KLK7 were compared using fluorogenic substrates. A keratinocyte cell culture system using HaCat cells was established to assess the role of D6 WT and D386N on triggering inflammation via the induction of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). A degradation assay was used to assess the susceptibility of D4 and D6 mutants to mesotrypsin degradation. RESULTS Enzymatic assays revealed that the D6 D386N mutation affected the inhibitory activity of LEKTI on KLK5 but not KLK7. Other exonic mutations on D6 (N368S, V395M, and E420K) and D4 (R267Q) did not alter LEKTI inhibition. The D386N mutation disrupted the role of D6 in suppressing TSLP induction by KLK5 in HaCat cells. Although WT D4 is more susceptible to mesotrypsin degradation than WT D6, the D4 R267Q mutant was more resistant to mesotrypsin degradation, whereas the D6 E420K mutant showed enhanced mesotrypsin-mediated degradation. CONCLUSION Exonic mutations in D6, which previously have been associated with AD, may cause a disruption of inhibitory activity on KLK5 or enhance the degradation by mesotrypsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Ramesh
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore
| | - Sri Anusha Matta
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore
| | - Yu Keung Mok
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore
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Lv Z, Wu K, Qin X, Yuan J, Yan M, Zhang J, Wang L, Ji T, Cao W, Chen W. A Novel Tumor Suppressor SPINK5 Serves as an Independent Prognostic Predictor for Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:4855-4869. [PMID: 32606974 PMCID: PMC7320891 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s236266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our previous study, serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5 (SPINK5), which encodes the product of serine protease inhibitor lymphoepithelial Kazal-type-related inhibitor (LEKTI) was found to be down-regulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using oligonucleotide microarrays. However, the function and clinical implications of SPINK5/LEKTI remain obscure in HNSCC. METHODS The endogenous expression level of SPINK5/LEKTI was further verified in 9 HNSCC cell lines and HNSCCs by means of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The biological function of SPINK5/LEKTI was investigated in vitro and in vivo experiments. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to determine the correlation between SPINK5/LEKTI expression and clinical outcome. RESULTS Down-regulation expression of SPINK5/LEKTI was found in six out of nine HNSCC cell lines and in 85.7% HNSCC specimens (P<0.0001). Upon silencing of SPINK5/LEKTI, the cell proliferation, plate colony formation and cell invasion of WU-HN6 cells were significantly increased, while exogenous overexpression of SPINK5/LEKTI, the proliferation, plate colony and invasion of WU-HN13 and HN30 cells were remarkably inhibited with the arrest of G1 cell cycle (P=0.0001, P=0.003, respectively). HNSCC patients with lower LEKTI levels had significantly inferior overall survival compared to those patients with higher LEKTI (P=0.0017) by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis revealed that LEKTI expression was an independent prognostic predictor for HNSCC patients (HR=0.114, 95% CI:0.044-0.292, P<0.001). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that SPINK5/LEKTI might be a tumor suppressor in HNSCCs and serve as an independent prognostic predictor for HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjing Lv
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Ji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Wantao Chen; Wei Cao Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China Email ;
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Sohn M. Overview and challenges of current genetic research on allergic diseases in Korean children. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2018. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2018.6.s1.s77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myunghyun Sohn
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jun M, Wang HY, Lee S, Choi E, Lee H, Choi EH. Differences in Genetic Variations Between Treatable and Recalcitrant Atopic Dermatitis in Korean. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018; 10:244-252. [PMID: 29676071 PMCID: PMC5911443 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2018.10.3.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Variations in barrier- or immune response-related genes are closely related to the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). This study was designed to identify genetic variations and clinical features to predict ‘recalcitrant AD.’ Methods AD patients were classified as treatable and recalcitrant. Treatable AD patients showed satisfactory clinical improvement with basic and topical treatments. Recalcitrant AD patients used systemic immune-suppressants for over 4 weeks as they had not shown clinical improvement with basic and topical treatments. The frequency of gene variations in barrier- (FLG 3321delA, FLG K4022X, KLK7, SPINK 1156, SPINK 1188, SPINK 2475) and immune response- (DEFB1, KDR, IL-5RA, IL-9, and IL-12RB1a, b) related genes were compared between each AD group and the controls. Results Of all, 249 treatable AD and 32 recalcitrant AD were identified. Heterozygous mutations (Hetero) in KLK7 was more frequent in recalcitrant AD patients than treatable AD, without statistical significance. Hetero in DEFB1 was more frequent in treatable AD patients. However, no other significant genetic differences between treatable and recalcitrant AD was observed. Instead, higher initial Eczema Area Severity Index (EASI) score, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level, allergen specific IgE for house dust mites, and family history of atopic diseases were associated with recalcitrant AD with statistical significance. Conclusions According to our study, no genetic variation to predict recalcitrant AD was identified, suggesting that clinical manifestation, rather than genetic variations of AD patients is more likely to be an important factor in predicting the prognosis of AD. Further large-scale studies on the correlation between genetic variation and recalcitrant AD are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungsoo Jun
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hye Young Wang
- Optipharm, Inc., Wonju Eco Environmental Technology Center, Wonju, Korea
| | - Solam Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Eunhee Choi
- Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University College of Health Sciences, Wonju, Korea
| | - Eung Ho Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
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Bieber T, D'Erme AM, Akdis CA, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Lauener R, Schäppi G, Schmid-Grendelmeier P. Clinical phenotypes and endophenotypes of atopic dermatitis: Where are we, and where should we go? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:S58-S64. [PMID: 28390478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a paradigmatic chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by a complex pathophysiology and a wide spectrum of the clinical phenotype. Despite this high degree of heterogeneity, AD is still considered a single disease and usually treated according to the "one-size-fits-all" approach. Thus more tailored prevention and therapeutic strategies are still lacking. As for other disciplines, such as oncology or rheumatology, we have to approach AD in a more differentiated way (ie, to dissect and stratify the complex clinical phenotype into more homogeneous subgroups based on the endophenotype [panel of biomarkers]) with the aim to refine the management of this condition. Because we are now entering the era of personalized medicine, a systems biology approach merging the numerous clinical phenotypes with robust (ie, relevant and validated) biomarkers will be needed to best exploit their potential significance for the future molecular taxonomy of AD. This approach will not only allow an optimized prevention and treatment with the available drugs but also hopefully help assign newly developed medicinal products to those patients who will have the best benefit/risk ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bieber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE) Davos-Augsburg-Bonn-St Gallen-Zürich, St Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Angelo M D'Erme
- Unit of Dermatology, Livorno Hospital, Livomo, Italy; Unit of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE) Davos-Augsburg-Bonn-St Gallen-Zürich, St Gallen, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE) Davos-Augsburg-Bonn-St Gallen-Zürich, St Gallen, Switzerland; Institute for Environmental Medicine, Technische Universität München and Helmholtzzentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Roger Lauener
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE) Davos-Augsburg-Bonn-St Gallen-Zürich, St Gallen, Switzerland; Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St Gallen, and the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georg Schäppi
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE) Davos-Augsburg-Bonn-St Gallen-Zürich, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE) Davos-Augsburg-Bonn-St Gallen-Zürich, St Gallen, Switzerland; Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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Namkung JH, Kim E, Park YD, Park G, Yang JM. Are Podoplanin Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Atopic Dermatitis in Koreans? Ann Dermatol 2015; 27:275-82. [PMID: 26082584 PMCID: PMC4466280 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2015.27.3.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The histologic characteristics of atopic dermatitis (AD) include perivascular edema and dilated tortuous vessels in the papillary dermis. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the fms-related tyrosine kinase 4 (FLT4) gene is associated with AD. Objective To investigate the associations between podoplanin (PDPN) gene SNPs and AD. Methods We genotyped 9 SNPs from 5 genes of 1,119 subjects (646 AD patients and 473 controls). We determined the promoter activity of 1 SNP (rs355022) by luciferase assay; this SNP was further investigated using 1,133 independent samples (441 AD patients and 692 controls). Results The rs355022 and rs425187 SNPs and the C-A haplotype in the PDPN gene were significantly associated with intrinsic AD in the initial experiment. The rs355022 SNP significantly affected promoter activity in the luciferase assay. However, these results were not replicated in the replication study. Conclusion Two SNPs and the C-A haplotype in the PDPN gene are significantly associated with intrinsic AD; although, the results were confirmed by luciferase assay, they could not be replicated with independent samples. Nevertheless, further replication experiments should be performed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Namkung
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Eugene Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Doo Park
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Geontae Park
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Mo Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Hovnanian A. Netherton syndrome: new advances in the clinic, disease mechanism and treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/edm.11.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lan CCE, Tu HP, Wu CS, Ko YC, Yu HS, Lu YW, Li WC, Chen YC, Chen GS. Distinct SPINK5 and IL-31 polymorphisms are associated with atopic eczema and non-atopic hand dermatitis in Taiwanese nursing population. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:975-9. [PMID: 22017185 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The term 'hand dermatitis' describes inflammatory skin condition localized to the hands. Nurses working at hospital settings are prone to develop hand dermatitis. The current study aimed to evaluate whether certain genetic polymorphisms were associated with the development of atopic eczema or non-atopic hand dermatitis in Taiwanese population. Nurses of Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital were recruited. Atopic eczema, non-atopic hand dermatitis and normal control groups were identified. The serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 5 (SPINK5), filaggrin and interleukin-31 (IL-31) gene variants were compared between the diseased and control groups. Our results showed that rs2303070 T allele of SPINK5 (assuming recessive model; OR=3.58, 95% CI 1.63-7.84; P=0.0014) and rs7977932 G allele of IL-31 (assuming recessive model; OR=18.25, 95% CI =3.27-101.94; P=0.0009) were associated with increased risks of developing atopic eczema, while rs6892205 G allele of SPINK5 (assuming dominant model; OR=3.79, 95% CI 1.55-9.28; P=0.0036) was associated with the development of non-atopic hand dermatitis. In summary, our results showed that distinct SPINK5 and IL-31 gene variants were associated with the development of atopic eczema and non-atopic hand dermatitis. The barrier function, particularly those regulated by SPINK5, may play an important role in the development of both atopic eczema and non-atopic hand dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Che E Lan
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, , Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Reiss K, Meyer-Hoffert U, Fischer J, Sperrhacke M, Wu Z, Dimitrieva O, Krenek P, Suchanova S, Buryova H, Brauer R, Sedlacek R. Expression and regulation of murine SPINK12, a potential orthologue of human LEKTI2. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:905-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01355.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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