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Ścieżyńska A, Sobiepanek A, Kowalska PD, Soszyńska M, Łuszczyński K, Grzywa TM, Krześniak N, Góźdź A, Włodarski PK, Galus R, Kobiela T, Malejczyk J. A Novel and Effective Method for Human Primary Skin Melanocytes and Metastatic Melanoma Cell Isolation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246244. [PMID: 34944864 PMCID: PMC8699606 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The present paper describes a simple, non-enzymatic and effective method of melanocyte or metastatic melanoma cell isolation from skin or lymph node explants, respectively. The method is based on selective harvesting of melanocytes or melanoma cells emigrating from the explants. Thus, isolated cells display specific phenotypical and functional features of melanocytes/melanoma cells such as tyrosinase and Melan-A expression and melanin production. Furthermore, melanocyte or melanoma cell cultures are not contaminated by keratinocytes and/or fibroblasts. The method appears to be a useful tool for studies on the biology of melanocytes and malignant melanoma. Abstract The development of an effective method of melanocyte isolation and culture is necessary for basic and clinical studies concerning skin diseases, including skin pigmentation disorders and melanoma. In this paper, we describe a novel, non-enzymatic and effective method of skin melanocyte and metastatic melanoma cell isolation and culture (along with the spontaneous spheroid creation) from skin or lymph node explants. The method is based on the selective harvesting of melanocytes and melanoma cells emigrating from the cultured explants. Thereby, isolated cells retain their natural phenotypical features, such as expression of tyrosinase and Melan-A as well as melanin production and are not contaminated by keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Such melanocyte and melanoma cell cultures may be very useful for medical and cosmetology studies, including studies of antitumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Ścieżyńska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Ś.); (M.S.); (K.Ł.); (A.G.); (R.G.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Sobiepanek
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Interactions Studies, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (P.D.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Patrycja D. Kowalska
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Interactions Studies, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (P.D.K.); (T.K.)
- Polish Stem Cell Bank, 00-867 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Soszyńska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Ś.); (M.S.); (K.Ł.); (A.G.); (R.G.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Łuszczyński
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Ś.); (M.S.); (K.Ł.); (A.G.); (R.G.)
| | - Tomasz M. Grzywa
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Krześniak
- Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Prof. W. Orlowski Memorial Hospital, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Agata Góźdź
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Ś.); (M.S.); (K.Ł.); (A.G.); (R.G.)
| | - Paweł K. Włodarski
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ryszard Galus
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Ś.); (M.S.); (K.Ł.); (A.G.); (R.G.)
| | - Tomasz Kobiela
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Interactions Studies, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (P.D.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Jacek Malejczyk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Ś.); (M.S.); (K.Ł.); (A.G.); (R.G.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Benito-Martínez S, Zhu Y, Jani RA, Harper DC, Marks MS, Delevoye C. Research Techniques Made Simple: Cell Biology Methods for the Analysis of Pigmentation. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:257-268.e8. [PMID: 31980058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pigmentation of the skin and hair represents the result of melanin biosynthesis within melanosomes of epidermal melanocytes, followed by the transfer of mature melanin granules to adjacent keratinocytes within the basal layer of the epidermis. Natural variation in these processes produces the diversity of skin and hair color among human populations, and defects in these processes lead to diseases such as oculocutaneous albinism. While genetic regulators of pigmentation have been well studied in human and animal models, we are still learning much about the cell biological features that regulate melanogenesis, melanosome maturation, and melanosome motility in melanocytes, and have barely scratched the surface in our understanding of melanin transfer from melanocytes to keratinocytes. Herein, we describe cultured cell model systems and common assays that have been used by investigators to dissect these features and that will hopefully lead to additional advances in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Benito-Martínez
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Yueyao Zhu
- Department of Biology Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Riddhi Atul Jani
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Dawn C Harper
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael S Marks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Cédric Delevoye
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France.
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Ando H, Yoshimoto S, Yoshida M, Shimoda N, Tadokoro R, Kohda H, Ishikawa M, Nishikata T, Katayama B, Ozawa T, Tsuruta D, Mizutani KI, Yagi M, Ichihashi M. Dermal Fibroblasts Internalize Phosphatidylserine-Exposed Secretory Melanosome Clusters and Apoptotic Melanocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165789. [PMID: 32806720 PMCID: PMC7461560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigmentation in the dermis is known to be caused by melanophages, defined as melanosome-laden macrophages. In this study, we show that dermal fibroblasts also have an ability to uptake melanosomes and apoptotic melanocytes. We have previously demonstrated that normal human melanocytes constantly secrete melanosome clusters from various sites of their dendrites. After adding secreted melanosome clusters collected from the culture medium of melanocytes, time-lapse imaging showed that fibroblasts actively attached to the secreted melanosome clusters and incorporated them. Annexin V staining revealed that phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), which is known as an 'eat-me' signal that triggers the internalization of apoptotic cells by macrophages, is exposed on the surface of secreted melanosome clusters. Dermal fibroblasts were able to uptake secreted melanosome clusters as did macrophages, and those fibroblasts express TIM4, a receptor for PtdSer-mediated endocytosis. Further, co-cultures of fibroblasts and melanocytes demonstrated that dermal fibroblasts internalize PtdSer-exposed apoptotic melanocytes. These results suggest that not only macrophages, but also dermal fibroblasts contribute to the collection of potentially toxic substances in the dermis, such as secreted melanosome clusters and apoptotic melanocytes, that have been occasionally observed to drop down into the dermis from the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideya Ando
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Japan; (S.Y.); (M.Y.); (N.S.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-256-9726
| | - Satoshi Yoshimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Japan; (S.Y.); (M.Y.); (N.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Moemi Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Japan; (S.Y.); (M.Y.); (N.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Nene Shimoda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Japan; (S.Y.); (M.Y.); (N.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Ryosuke Tadokoro
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Japan; (S.Y.); (M.Y.); (N.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Haruka Kohda
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (H.K.); (M.I.); (T.N.)
| | - Mami Ishikawa
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (H.K.); (M.I.); (T.N.)
| | - Takahito Nishikata
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (H.K.); (M.I.); (T.N.)
| | - Bunpei Katayama
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (B.K.); (T.O.); (D.T.)
| | - Toshiyuki Ozawa
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (B.K.); (T.O.); (D.T.)
| | - Daisuke Tsuruta
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (B.K.); (T.O.); (D.T.)
| | - Ken-ichi Mizutani
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe 650-8586, Japan; (K.M.); (M.I.)
| | | | - Masamitsu Ichihashi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe 650-8586, Japan; (K.M.); (M.I.)
- Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Doshisha University, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
- Arts Ginza Clinic, Tokyo 105-0004, Japan
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Sorg O, Kasraee B, Salomon D, Saurat JH. The Potential Depigmenting Activity of Retinaldehyde. Dermatology 2013; 227:231-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000354294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Wolnicka-Glubisz A, Pecio A, Podkowa D, Kolodziejczyk LM, Plonka PM. Pheomelanin in the skin of Hymenochirus boettgeri (Amphibia: Anura: Pipidae). Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:537-40. [PMID: 22716250 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pheomelanin is supposed to be the first type of melanin found in vertebrates, in contrast to the main type - eumelanin. Our study aimed at detecting pheomelanin in the skin of Hymenochirus boettgerii. We employed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), supplemented with standard histology and immunochemistry. We identified pheomelanin in the dorsal skin of adult frogs (not only in the dermis, but also in the epidermis) and in the dorsal tadpole. Our work identifies Hymenochirus boettgerii as a model in the basic study on the mechanism, evolution and role of melanogenesis in animals, including human.
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