1
|
Mousavi K, Niknahad H, Li H, Jia Z, Manthari RK, Zhao Y, Shi X, Chen Y, Ahmadi A, Azarpira N, Khalvati B, Ommati MM, Heidari R. The activation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling blunts cholestasis-induced liver and kidney injury. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:911-927. [PMID: 34484683 PMCID: PMC8403611 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis is a severe clinical complication that severely damages the liver. Kidneys are also the most affected extrahepatic organs in cholestasis. The pivotal role of oxidative stress has been mentioned in the pathogenesis of cholestasis-induced organ injury. The activation of the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway is involved in response to oxidative stress. The current study was designed to evaluate the potential role of Nrf2 signaling activation in preventing bile acids-induced toxicity in the liver and kidney. Dimethyl fumarate was used as a robust activator of Nrf2 signaling. Rats underwent bile duct ligation surgery and were treated with dimethyl fumarate (10 and 40 mg/kg). Severe oxidative stress was evident in the liver and kidney of cholestatic animals (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the expression and activity of Nrf2 and downstream genes were time-dependently decreased (P < 0.05). Moreover, significant mitochondrial depolarization, decreased ATP levels, and mitochondrial permeabilization were detected in bile duct-ligated rats (P < 0.05). Histopathological alterations included liver necrosis, fibrosis, inflammation and kidney interstitial inflammation, and cast formation. It was found that dimethyl fumarate significantly decreased hepatic and renal injury in cholestatic animals (P < 0.05). Based on these data, the activation of the cellular antioxidant response could serve as an efficient therapeutic option for managing cholestasis-induced organ injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Mousavi
- Department of Bio-informatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran
| | - Hossein Niknahad
- Department of Bio-informatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran
| | - Huifeng Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Zhipeng Jia
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Ram Kumar Manthari
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Science, Visakhapatnam, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management, Andhra Pradesh 530045, India
| | - Yangfei Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Xiong Shi
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Yuanyu Chen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Asrin Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalvati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj 75919-51176, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Department of Bio-informatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
De Craemer D, Pauwels M, Van den Branden C. Morphological adaptations of human liver peroxisomes in cholestasis. APMIS 1998; 106:339-44. [PMID: 9531968 DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1998.tb01355.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Part of the bile acid synthesis takes place in peroxisomes. An altered enterohepatic circulation of bile acids might influence peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzymes and peroxisomal morphology. We performed a morphological and morphometric investigation of peroxisomes in liver biopsy samples of eight patients with cholestasis of different origin: graft versus host reaction (n = 1), obstruction of the bile flow (n = 3), and drug-induced cholestatic hepatitis (n = 4). Peroxisomes were identified using catalase cytochemistry. They were regularly shaped and showed individual differences in electron density. A perinuclear distribution was observed in a variable number of hepatocytes in each sample. Morphometric analysis of peroxisomes revealed an increase in numerical density and surface density in all, and a decreased mean diameter in four liver samples. Based on previously obtained data in experimental animals, we hypothesize that the observed alterations in peroxisomal morphology indicate an enhanced metabolic activity of the enzymes in the peroxisomal matrix. Among them are enzymes involved in bile acid synthesis.
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
The morphological and morphometric characteristics of peroxisomes in normal human liver and the peroxisomal alterations in the liver of patients with acquired or congenital non-peroxisomal diseases are reviewed. Secondary peroxisomal changes are observed in steatosis, hepatitis and cirrhosis induced by various agents (viruses, alcohol, drugs, etc.), in cholestasis, in hepatomas, in extra-hepatic cancer with or without liver metastasis, in extrahepatic inflammatory processes, in metabolic disorders affecting metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and lipoproteins, glycoproteins, amino acids, bilirubin or copper, and in altered thyroid hormone levels. They are recognized as a proliferation of peroxisomes (increased in number and to a lesser extent in surface density and volume density) often accompanied by a minor reduction in size (at most to 68% of the mean diameter in control livers) but very rarely by an increase in mean peroxisomal diameter, and as proliferation-related changes in shape (tails, gastruloid cisternae, funnel-like constrictions, elongation, protrusions) in at least a few of the peroxisomes. These secondary alterations of the peroxisomes are clearly distinguishable from the primary changes in peroxisomes observed in the liver of patients with congenital peroxisomal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D De Craemer
- Menselijke Anatomie & Embryologie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Muriel P, Suarez OR, Gonzalez P, Zuñiga L. Protective effect of S-adenosyl-l-methionine on liver damage induced by biliary obstruction in rats: a histological, ultrastructural and biochemical approach. J Hepatol 1994; 21:95-102. [PMID: 7963428 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(94)80143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In human and experimental CCl4-liver damage, S-adenosyl-l-methionine-synthetase and/or the intrahepatic content of S-adenosyl-l-methionine, are diminished and in human cirrhosis phospholipid methyltransferase is markedly reduced. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of S-adenosyl-l-methionine administration on liver damage induced by 15-day bile duct ligation. Liver damage was analyzed by histological, ultrastructural and biochemical techniques. Biliary obstruction produced an increase in collagen content, dilation of the bile canaliculi and disorganization of mitochondria. These effects were not observed in the bile-duct-ligated group receiving S-adenosyl-l-methionine. Biochemical results showed that bile duct ligation increased serum bilirubins, and alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities. These effects were prevented significantly by S-adenosyl-l-methionine. On the other hand, glycogen content in the liver was depleted while lipid peroxidation was increased by biliary obstruction, S-adenosyl-l-methionine administration prevented these effects. In the bile-duct-ligated group, hepatocyte and erythrocyte plasma membrane Na+/K+ and Ca(2+)-ATPase were lower than in the control group (p < 0.05). Administration of S-adenosyl-l-methionine preserved ATPase activities. The exogenous S-adenosyl-l-methionine supply is probably responsible for restoring transmethylation lost in liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Muriel
- Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Departamento de Farmacologia y Toxicologia, Mexico
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hughes JL, Bourne AJ, Poulos A. Establishment of a normal range of morphometric values for peroxisomes in paediatric liver. VIRCHOWS ARCHIV. A, PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY 1993; 423:453-7. [PMID: 8291218 DOI: 10.1007/bf01606535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The size and number of hepatic peroxisomes was investigated in 16 control paediatric liver biopsies from patients ranging in age from 3 months to 18 years one fetal liver specimen and one paediatric autopsy liver. The area, diameter, volume density (Vv), numerical density (Nv) and surface density (Sv) of the peroxisomes was recorded using randomly selected electron micrographs. The mean diameter of peroxisomes in control paediatric liver was 0.56 microns, the mean Vv was 1.67%, the mean Nv was 0.125 per micron+3 and the mean Sv was 0.161 per micron. No correlation was found between the size and number of hepatic peroxisomes and the age or sex of the patient. Peroxisomes in the fetal liver were smaller than those in biopsy tissue and had a mean diameter of 0.42 micron. Peroxisomes were identified in autopsy tissue and were enlarged with a mean diameter of 0.75 micron, most probably due to post-mortem swelling. A range of morphometric values in paediatric liver has now been established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Hughes
- Department of Histopathology, Adelaide Children's Hospital, South Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
De Craemer D, Pauwels M, Hautekeete M, Roels F. Alterations of hepatocellular peroxisomes in patients with cancer. Catalase cytochemistry and morphometry. Cancer 1993; 71:3851-8. [PMID: 7685235 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19930615)71:12<3851::aid-cncr2820711210>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic catalase activity is decreased in patients with malignant diseases, but little is known about the organelles that contain the bulk of catalase: the peroxisomes. METHODS The authors studied the hepatocellular peroxisomes in patients with malignant diseases by means of catalase cytochemistry, light and electron microscopic study, and morphometry. RESULTS Under the light microscope, a decrease in catalase staining was observed in 21 of 39 patients with extrahepatic tumors. A peculiar perinuclear concentration of peroxisomes was seen by light microscopic study in 15 of 39 patients and reflected an increase in number in most patients. In one of two hepatoma livers, peroxisomes also showed this perinuclear configuration. Ultrastructural and morphometric analysis of 20 livers of patients with extrahepatic tumors revealed a decreased mean peroxisomal diameter and an increase in number. Electron microscopic study also showed peroxisomes with transparent matrical spots, cytoplasmic invaginations, protrusions, and gastruloid cisternae. In each liver, at least one of these changes was observed. In hepatoma livers, one-third of the peroxisomes revealed empty matrical spots. In one patient, peroxisomes were smaller but more numerous. CONCLUSIONS Alterations of the peroxisomal compartment are constant findings in the livers of patients with malignant diseases, but individual differences in peroxisomal alterations are frequent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D De Craemer
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
De Craemer D, Kerckaert I, Roels F. Hepatocellular peroxisomes in human alcoholic and drug-induced hepatitis: a quantitative study. Hepatology 1991; 14:811-7. [PMID: 1937386 DOI: 10.1002/hep.1840140512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisomes in the liver of four patients with alcoholic hepatitis and in six patients with drug-induced hepatitis are compared to eight control livers by catalase cytochemistry and morphometry. A decrease of catalase activity is observed in alcoholic, amitriptyline, aprindine, clomipramine and methiomazole hepatitis. Peroxisomes with a heterogeneous distribution of the catalase reaction product are found in most hepatitis livers. The number of organelles is increased 1.5 to 4.2 times in alcoholic, aprindine, methimazole and phenytoin hepatitis livers. In the last case, peroxisomes are also smaller. Changes in shape are seen in all hepatitis livers; they include invaginations, tails, funnel-like constrictions and gastruloid cisternae. In aprindine, phenytoin, methimazole and two alcoholic hepatitis livers, surface density exceeds the upper control value. These data indicate a loss of catalase activity in most hepatitis livers but also peroxisomal proliferation and shape modifications. It has been proposed that the latter changes are favorable for metabolic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D De Craemer
- Department of Human Anatomy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Le Bail B, Bioulac-Sage P, Senuita R, Quinton A, Saric J, Balabaud C. Fine structure of hepatic sinusoids and sinusoidal cells in disease. JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY TECHNIQUE 1990; 14:257-82. [PMID: 2338589 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.1060140307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Liver sinusoids are special capillaries that are limited by fenestrated endothelial cells, without a genuine basement membrane, surrounded by perisinusoidal cells storing vitamin A, and harbouring Kupffer cells and pit cells, resident macrophages, and large granular lymphocytes, respectively. Each nonparenchymal cell and parenchymal cell of the liver interacts with all others and with the extracellular matrix. Therefore, the functional ability of each cell is constantly being modified by the metabolic activity of the others. Human liver biopsies (132), needle or surgical, perfusion-fixed with glutaraldehyde and processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and occasionally for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were examined. The study included liver diseases (such as alcoholic liver diseases, benign and malignant liver tumors, cholestasis of various origins, fulminant hepatitis, acute rejection after orthotopic liver transplantation, Budd-Chiari syndrome), as well as general or extrahepatic diseases (such as diabetes, hemochromatosis, hypervitaminosis A, various hematological disorders), and normal controls. Ultrastructural abnormalities are described and illustrated under two different headings: 1) elementary lesions of sinusoidal cells (endothelial, Kupffer, perisinusoidal and pit cells), nonsinusoidal cells (in the space of Disse and/or in the lumen), the extracellular matrix; and 2) the major pathological entities including perisinusoidal fibrosis, capillarization of sinusoids, sinusoidal dilatation, and peliosis. In the discussion, an overview of the major abnormalities reported in the literature is presented, and some specific questions regarding 1) perisinusoidal fibrosis in liver with normal histology, 2) the overload of perisinusoidal cells with lipids in non-hypervitaminosis A intoxication and 3) the etiological relationship of sinusoidal dilatation, peliosis, perisinusoidal fibrosis, or sinusoidal tumors with drugs and toxic compounds are discussed. In the event that lesions are not specific to any diagnosis, the knowledge of the ultrastructure of sinusoids is extremely useful from the perspective of the liver as an ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Le Bail
- Laboratoire des interactions cellulaires, Université de Bordeaux II, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|