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Martignoni MM, Tyson RC, Kolodny O, Garnier J. Mutualism at the leading edge: insights into the eco-evolutionary dynamics of host-symbiont communities during range expansion. J Math Biol 2024; 88:24. [PMID: 38308102 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-023-02037-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The evolution of mutualism between host and symbiont communities plays an essential role in maintaining ecosystem function and should therefore have a profound effect on their range expansion dynamics. In particular, the presence of mutualistic symbionts at the leading edge of a host-symbiont community should enhance its propagation in space. We develop a theoretical framework that captures the eco-evolutionary dynamics of host-symbiont communities, to investigate how the evolution of resource exchange may shape community structure during range expansion. We consider a community with symbionts that are mutualistic or parasitic to various degrees, where parasitic symbionts receive the same amount of resource from the host as mutualistic symbionts, but at a lower cost. The selective advantage of parasitic symbionts over mutualistic ones is increased with resource availability (i.e. with host density), promoting mutualism at the range edges, where host density is low, and parasitism at the population core, where host density is higher. This spatial selection also influences the speed of spread. We find that the host growth rate (which depends on the average benefit provided by the symbionts) is maximal at the range edges, where symbionts are more mutualistic, and that host-symbiont communities with high symbiont density at their core (e.g. resulting from more mutualistic hosts) spread faster into new territories. These results indicate that the expansion of host-symbiont communities is pulled by the hosts but pushed by the symbionts, in a unique push-pull dynamic where both the host and symbionts are active and tightly-linked players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Martignoni
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, A. Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Rebecca C Tyson
- CMPS Department (Mathematics), University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Oren Kolodny
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, A. Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jimmy Garnier
- Laboratory of Mathematics, CNRS, Université Savoie-Mont Blanc, Université Grenoble Alpes, Chambery, France
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Naven Narayanan, Shaw AK. Mutualisms impact species' range expansion speeds and spatial distributions. Ecology 2024; 105:e4171. [PMID: 37776264 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Species engage in mutually beneficial interspecific interactions (mutualisms) that shape their population dynamics in ecological communities. Species engaged in mutualisms vary greatly in their degree of dependence on their partner from complete dependence (e.g., yucca and yucca moth mutualism) to low dependence (e.g., generalist bee with multiple plant species). While current empirical studies show that, in mutualisms, partner dependence can alter the speed of a species' range expansion, there is no theory that provides conditions when expansion is sped up or slowed down. To address this, we built a spatially explicit model incorporating the population dynamics of two dispersing species interacting mutualistically. We explored how mutualisms impacted range expansion across a gradient of dependence (from complete independence to obligacy) between the two species. We then studied the conditions in which the magnitude of the mutualistic benefits could hinder versus enhance the speed of range expansion. We showed that either complete dependence, no dependence, or intermediate degree of dependence on a mutualist partner can lead to the greatest speeds of a focal species' range expansion based on the magnitude of benefits exchanged between partner species in the mutualism. We then showed how different degrees of dependence between species could alter the spatial distribution of the range expanding populations. Finally, we identified the conditions under which mutualistic interactions can turn exploitative across space, leading to the formation of a species' range limits. Our work highlights how couching mutualisms and mutualist dependence in a spatial context can provide insights about species range expansions, limits, and ultimately their distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naven Narayanan
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Allison K Shaw
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Tipton AG, Nelsen D, Koziol L, Duell EB, House G, Wilson GWT, Schultz PA, Bever JD. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Taxa Show Variable Patterns of Micro-Scale Dispersal in Prairie Restorations. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:827293. [PMID: 35935243 PMCID: PMC9355535 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.827293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human land use disturbance is a major contributor to the loss of natural plant communities, and this is particularly true in areas used for agriculture, such as the Midwestern tallgrass prairies of the United States. Previous work has shown that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) additions can increase native plant survival and success in plant community restorations, but the dispersal of AMF in these systems is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the dispersal of AMF taxa inoculated into four tallgrass prairie restorations. At each site, we inoculated native plant species with greenhouse-cultured native AMF taxa or whole soil collected from a nearby unplowed prairie. We monitored AMF dispersal, AMF biomass, plant growth, and plant community composition, at different distances from inoculation. In two sites, we assessed the role of plant hosts in dispersal, by placing known AMF hosts in a “bridge” and “island” pattern on either side of the inoculation points. We found that AMF taxa differ in their dispersal ability, with some taxa spreading to 2-m in the first year and others remaining closer to the inoculation point. We also found evidence that AMF spread altered non-inoculated neighboring plant growth and community composition in certain sites. These results represent the most comprehensive attempt to date to evaluate AMF spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice G. Tipton
- Department of Biology, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Kansas Biological Survey and Center for Ecological Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- *Correspondence: Alice G. Tipton
| | - Donald Nelsen
- Kansas Biological Survey and Center for Ecological Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Liz Koziol
- Kansas Biological Survey and Center for Ecological Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Eric B. Duell
- Kansas Biological Survey and Center for Ecological Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Geoffrey House
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
- NEON, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Gail W. T. Wilson
- Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Peggy A. Schultz
- Kansas Biological Survey and Center for Ecological Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Environmental Studies Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - James D. Bever
- Kansas Biological Survey and Center for Ecological Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
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Ghosh S, Reuman D, Bever JD. Preferential allocation of benefits and resource competition among recipients allows coexistence of symbionts within hosts. Am Nat 2021; 199:468-479. [DOI: 10.1086/718643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Bever JD. Preferential allocation, physio-evolutionary feedbacks, and the stability and environmental patterns of mutualism between plants and their root symbionts. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:1503-1514. [PMID: 25561086 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The common occurrence of mutualistic interactions between plants and root symbionts is problematic. As the delivery of benefit to hosts involves costs to symbionts, symbionts that provide reduced benefit to their host are expected to increase in frequency. Plants have been shown to allocate preferentially to the most efficient symbiont and this preferential allocation may stabilize the mutualism. I construct a general model of the interactive feedbacks of host preferential allocation and the dynamics of root symbiont populations to evaluate the stability of nutritional mutualisms. Preferential allocation can promote the evolution of mutualism even when the cost to the symbiont is very large. Moreover, the physiological plasticity of preferential allocation likely leads to coexistence of beneficial and nonbeneficial symbionts. For arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which facilitate plant uptake of phosphorus (P), the model predicts greater P transfer from these fungi per unit carbon invested with decreasing concentrations of soil P and with increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2 , patterns that have been observed in laboratory and field studies. This framework connects physiological plasticity in plant allocation to population processes that determine mutualism stability and, as such, represents a significant step in understanding the stability and environmental patterns in mutualism.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Bever
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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Kurvers RHJM, Krause J, Croft DP, Wilson ADM, Wolf M. The evolutionary and ecological consequences of animal social networks: emerging issues. Trends Ecol Evol 2014; 29:326-35. [PMID: 24792356 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The first generation of research on animal social networks was primarily aimed at introducing the concept of social networks to the fields of animal behaviour and behavioural ecology. More recently, a diverse body of evidence has shown that social fine structure matters on a broader scale than initially expected, affecting many key ecological and evolutionary processes. Here, we review this development. We discuss the effects of social network structure on evolutionary dynamics (genetic drift, fixation probabilities, and frequency-dependent selection) and social evolution (cooperation and between-individual behavioural differences). We discuss how social network structure can affect important coevolutionary processes (host-pathogen interactions and mutualisms) and population stability. We also discuss the potentially important, but poorly studied, role of social network structure on dispersal and invasion. Throughout, we highlight important areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf H J M Kurvers
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Mueggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jens Krause
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Mueggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany; Humboldt University of Berlin, Faculty of Life Sciences, Invalidenstraße 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Darren P Croft
- Centre for Research In Animal Behaviour, College of Life & Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QG, UK
| | - Alexander D M Wilson
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Mueggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Wolf
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Mueggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
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Joint evolution of kin recognition and cooperation in spatially structured rhizobium populations. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95141. [PMID: 24762776 PMCID: PMC3999197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the face of costs, cooperative interactions maintained over evolutionary time present a central question in biology. What forces maintain this cooperation? Two potential ways to explain this problem are spatially structured environments (kin selection) and kin-recognition (directed benefits). In a two-locus population genetic model, we investigated the relative roles of spatial structure and kin recognition in the maintenance of cooperation among rhizobia within the rhizobia-legume mutualism. In the case where the cooperative and kin recognition loci are independently inherited, spatial structure alone maintains cooperation, while kin recognition decreases the equilibrium frequency of cooperators. In the case of co-inheritance, spatial structure remains a stronger force, but kin recognition can transiently increase the frequency of cooperators. Our results suggest that spatial structure can be a dominant force in maintaining cooperation in rhizobium populations, providing a mechanism for maintaining the mutualistic nodulation trait. Further, our model generates unique and testable predictions that could be evaluated empirically within the legume-rhizobium mutualism.
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Kubisch A, Holt RD, Poethke HJ, Fronhofer EA. Where am I and why? Synthesizing range biology and the eco-evolutionary dynamics of dispersal. OIKOS 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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