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Zhang D, Lv C, Fan S, Huang Y, Kang N, Gao S, Chen L. The Dynamics of Allelochemicals and Phytotoxicity in Eisenia fetida during the Decomposition of Eucalyptus grandis Litter. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2415. [PMID: 39273900 PMCID: PMC11397289 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Allelopathy is an underlying and controversial mechanism for detrimental environmental effects in the management of Eucalyptus plantations. However, little attention has been paid to the dynamics of allelochemicals and phytotoxicity in soil fauna during litter decomposition. To explore the relationship between the dynamics of phytotoxicity and allelochemicals, a decomposition experiment was conducted using 4-year-old and 8-year-old Eucalyptus grandis litter (0, 10, 20, 30, and 45 days). The acute toxicity of Eisenia fetida was assessed, and a chemical analysis of the eucalyptus leaves was performed. Biochemical markers, including total protein, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and oxidative stress levels (SOD and MDA) were measured. A comet assay was used to determine DNA damage in E. fetida cells. The results showed that after 20-30 days of decomposition, E. grandis litter exhibited stronger phytotoxic effects on E. fetida in terms of growth and biochemical levels. After 20 days of decomposition, the weight and total protein content of E. fetida first decreased and then increased over time. SOD activity increased after 20 days but decreased after 30 days of decomposition before increasing again. MDA content increased after 20 days, then decreased or was stable. AChE activity was inhibited after 30 days of decomposition and then increased or stabilized with further decomposition. Soluble allelochemicals, such as betaine, chlorogenic acid, and isoquercitrin, significantly decreased or disappeared during the initial decomposition stage, but pipecolic acid significantly increased, along with newly emerging phenolic fractions that were present. More allelochemicals were released from 8-year-old litter than from 4-year-old E. grandis litter, resulting in consistently more severe phytotoxic responses and DNA damage in E. fetida. Scientific management measures, such as the appropriate removal of leaf litter in the early stages of decomposition, might help support greater biodiversity in E. grandis plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danju Zhang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chaoyu Lv
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shaojun Fan
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yumei Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Na Kang
- Shijiazhuang Zoo, Luquan, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Shun Gao
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lianghua Chen
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
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Zhao H, Yang W, Cheng J, Huang G, Hu Y, Li C, Sheng J. The effects of N-addition on litter mixture effects depend on decomposition time: A case from mixed-litter decomposition in the Gurbantunggut Desert. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10377. [PMID: 37554399 PMCID: PMC10405231 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in nitrogen (N) deposition and litter mixtures have been shown to influence ecosystem processes such as litter decomposition. However, the interactive effects of litter mixing and N-deposition on decomposition process in desert regions remain poorly identified. We assessed the simultaneous effects of both N addition and litter mixture on mass loss in a litterbag decomposition experiment using six native plants in single-species samples with diverse quality and 14-species combinations in the Gurbantunggut Desert under two N addition treatments (control and N addition). The N addition had no significant effect on decomposition rate of single-species litter (expect Haloxylon ammodendron), whereas litter mass loss and decomposition rate differed significantly among species, with variations positively correlated with initial phosphorus concentration and negatively correlated with initial lignin concentration. After 18 months, the average mass loss across litter mixtures did not overall differ from those predicted from single species either in control or N addition treatments, that is, mixing of different species had no non-additive effects on decomposition. The N addition, however, did modify the direction of mixture effects and interacted with incubation time. Added N transformed synergistic effects of litter mixtures to antagonistic effects on mass loss after 1 month of decomposition, while transforming neutral effects of litter mixture to synergistic effects after 6 months of decomposition. Our results demonstrated that initial chemical properties played an important role in litter decomposition, while no effects of litter mixture on decomposition process in this desert region. The N addition altered the litter mixture effects on mass loss with incubation time, implying that increased N deposition in the future may have profound effects on carbon turnover to a greater extent than previously thought in desert ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Mei Zhao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes, College of Resources and EnvironmentXinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Wei‐Jun Yang
- College of AgronomyXinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Jun‐Hui Cheng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes, College of Resources and EnvironmentXinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Gang Huang
- Institute of Geography ScienceFujian Normal UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Yu‐Tong Hu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes, College of Resources and EnvironmentXinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Cong‐Juan Li
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert‐Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqiChina
| | - Jian‐Dong Sheng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes, College of Resources and EnvironmentXinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqiChina
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3
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Zhang L, Li J, Wang Z, Zhang D, Liu H, Wang J, Wu F, Wang X, Zhou X. Litter mixing promoted decomposition and altered microbial community in common bean root litter. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:148. [PMID: 37217839 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02871-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decomposition of plant litter is a key driver of carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Mixing litters of different plant species may alter the decomposition rate, but its effect on the microbial decomposer community in plant litter is not fully understood. Here, we tested the effects of mixing with maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (Linn.) Merr.] stalk litters on the decomposition and microbial decomposer communities of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) root litter at the early decomposition stage in a litterbag experiment. RESULTS Mixing with maize stalk litter, soybean stalk litter, and both of these litters increased the decomposition rate of common bean root litter at 56 day but not 14 day after incubation. Litter mixing also increased the decomposition rate of the whole liter mixture at 56 day after incubation. Amplicon sequencing found that litter mixing altered the composition of bacterial (at 56 day after incubation) and fungal communities (at both 14 and 56 day after incubation) in common bean root litter. Litter mixing increased the abundance and alpha diversity of fungal communities in common bean root litter at 56 day after incubation. Particularly, litter mixing stimulated certain microbial taxa, such as Fusarium, Aspergillus and Stachybotrys spp. In addition, a pot experiment with adding litters in the soil showed that litter mixing promoted growth of common bean seedlings and increased soil nitrogen and phosphorus contents. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that litter mixing can promote the decomposition rate and cause shifts in microbial decomposer communities, which may positively affect crop growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhilin Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Dinghong Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fengzhi Wu
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Northeast Agricultural University Library, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Xingang Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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Njoroge DM, Dossa GGO, Ye L, Lin X, Schaefer D, Tomlinson K, Zuo J, Cornelissen JHC. Fauna access outweighs litter mixture effect during leaf litter decomposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160190. [PMID: 36402317 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Decomposition rates of litter mixtures reflect the combined effects of litter species diversity, litter quality, decomposers, their interactions with each other and with the environment. The outcomes of those interactions remain ambiguous and past studies have reported conflicting results (e.g., litter mixture richness effects). To date, how litter diversity and soil fauna interactions shape litter mixture decomposition remains poorly understood. Through a sixteen month long common garden litter decomposition experiment, we tested these interaction effects using litterbags of three mesh sizes (micromesh, mesomesh, and macromesh) to disentangle the contributions of different fauna groups categorized by their size at Wuhan botanical garden (subtropical climate). We examined the decomposition of five single commonly available species litters and their full 26 mixtures combination spanning from 2 to 5 species. In total, 2325 litterbags were incubated at the setup of the experiment and partly harvested after 1, 3, 6, 9, and 16 months after exposure to evaluate the mass loss and the combined effects of soil fauna and litter diversity. We predicted that litter mixture effects should increase with increased litter quality dissimilarity, and soil fauna should enhance litter (both single species litter and litter mixtures) decomposition rate. Litter mass loss ranged from 26.9 % to 87.3 %. Soil fauna access to litterbags accelerated mass loss by 29.8 % on average. The contribution of soil mesofauna did not differ from that of soil meso- and macrofauna. Incubation duration and its interactions with litter quality dissimilarities together with soil fauna determined the litter mixture effect. Furthermore, the litter mixture effect weakened as the decomposition progresses. Faunal contribution was broadly additive to the positive mixture effect irrespective of litter species richness or litter dissimilarity. This implies that combining the dissimilarity of mixture species and contributions of different soil fauna provides a more comprehensive understanding of mixed litter decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Mburu Njoroge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Gbadamassi G O Dossa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Menglun 666303, China.
| | - Luping Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Douglas Schaefer
- Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Kyle Tomlinson
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Juan Zuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Menglun 666303, China.
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, A-LIFE, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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5
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Bonanomi G, Zotti M, Idbella M, Termolino P, De Micco V, Mazzoleni S. Field evidence for litter and self-DNA inhibitory effects on Alnus glutinosa roots. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:399-412. [PMID: 35852010 PMCID: PMC9805126 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Litter decomposition releases nutrients beneficial to plants but also induces phytotoxicity. Phytotoxicity can result from either labile allelopathic compounds or species specific and caused by conspecific DNA. Aquatic plants in flowing water generally do not suffer phytotoxicity because litter is regularly removed. In stagnant water or in litter packs an impact on root functionality can occur. So far, studies on water plant roots have been carried out in laboratory and never in field conditions. The effect of conspecific vs heterospecific litter and purified DNA were assessed on aquatic roots of the riparian woody species Alnus glutinosa L. using a novel method, using closed and open plastic tubes fixed to single roots in the field with closed tubes analogous to stagnant water. Four fresh and four decomposed litter types were used and analysed on extractable C, cellulose, lignin, N content and using 13 C-CPMAS NMR spectroscopy. Inhibitory effects were observed with fresh litter in closed systems, with a positive correlation with extractable C and negative with lignin and lignin : N ratio. Alnus self-DNA, but not heterologous one, caused acute toxic effects in the closed system. Our results demonstrate the first field-based evidence for self-DNA inhibition as causal factor of negative feedback between plants and substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Bonanomi
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IIvia Università 10080055Portici (Naples)Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome StudiesUniversity of Naples Federico II80100NaplesItaly
| | - Maurizio Zotti
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IIvia Università 10080055Portici (Naples)Italy
| | - Mohamed Idbella
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IIvia Università 10080055Portici (Naples)Italy
| | - Pasquale Termolino
- CNR‐IBBR institute of Bioscience and BioResourcesVia Università 13380055Portici (Naples)Italy
| | - Veronica De Micco
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IIvia Università 10080055Portici (Naples)Italy
| | - Stefano Mazzoleni
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IIvia Università 10080055Portici (Naples)Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome StudiesUniversity of Naples Federico II80100NaplesItaly
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6
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Grazing Effects of Soil Fauna on White-Rot Fungi: Biomass, Enzyme Production and Litter Decomposition Ability. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040348. [PMID: 35448579 PMCID: PMC9032049 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil invertebrates and microorganisms are two major drivers of litter decomposition. Even though the importance of invertebrates and microorganisms in biogeochemical soil cycles and soil food webs has been studied, the effects of invertebrates on fungi are not well understood compared to other organisms. In this work, we investigated the effects of soil invertebrates on fungi as a factor that cannot be ignored in the study of nutrient cycling. The result showed the grazing of isopods on white-rot fungi was transitive and persistent. The grazed fungi appeared “compensatory” growing. The biomass of fungi increased after grazing. The activities of enzymes associated with nutrient cycling were increased under grazing. The zymography images showed the enzyme hotspots and activities also increased significantly in the grazing area. The results suggest that invertebrate grazing can significantly increase the fungal biomass and enzyme activity, accelerating litter decomposition in the unreached grazer area. The grazing effects of invertebrate plays an important role in promoting the nutrient cycling of the forest ecosystem. We believe that this study will be a good reference related to showing the relationship between soil invertebrates, fungi and soil biogeochemical cycles.
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7
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Influence of rhizosphere activity on litter decomposition in subtropical forest: implications of estimating soil organic matter contributions to soil respiration. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467422000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Litter decomposition plays an important role in the carbon cycle and is affected by many factors in forest ecosystems. This study aimed to quantify the rhizosphere priming effect on litter decomposition in subtropical forest southwestern China. A litter decomposition experiment including control and trenching treatments was conducted using the litter bag method, and the litter decomposition rate was calculated by litter dry mass loss. Trenching did not change soil temperature, but increased the soil water content by 14.5%. In this study, the interaction of soil temperature and soil water content controlled the litter decomposition rate, and explained 87.4 and 85.5% of the variation in litter decomposition in the control and trenching treatments, respectively. Considering changes in soil environmental factors due to trenching, the litter decomposition rates were corrected by regression models. After correction, the litter decomposition rates of the control and trenching treatments were 32.47 ± 3.15 and 25.71 ± 2.72% year–1, respectively, in the 2-year period. Rhizosphere activity significantly primed litter decomposition by 26.3%. Our study suggested a priming effect of rhizosphere activity on litter decomposition in the subtropical forest. Combining previous interaction effect results, we estimated the contributions of total soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition, total litter decomposition, and root respiration to soil respiration in the subtropical forest, and our new method of estimating the components of soil respiration provided basic theory for SOM decomposition research.
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8
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Plant Litter from Rare Species Increases Functional Diversity and Decomposition of Species Mixtures. Ecosystems 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-022-00740-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Wambsganss J, Freschet GT, Beyer F, Bauhus J, Scherer-Lorenzen M. Tree Diversity, Initial Litter Quality, and Site Conditions Drive Early-Stage Fine-Root Decomposition in European Forests. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00728-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDecomposition of dead fine roots contributes significantly to nutrient cycling and soil organic matter stabilization. Most knowledge of tree fine-root decomposition stems from studies in monospecific stands or single-species litter, although most forests are mixed. Therefore, we assessed how tree species mixing affects fine-root litter mass loss and which role initial litter quality and environmental factors play. For this purpose, we determined fine-root decomposition of 13 common tree species in four European forest types ranging from boreal to Mediterranean climates. Litter incubations in 315 tree neighborhoods allowed for separating the effects of litter species from environmental influences and litter mixing (direct) from tree diversity (indirect). On average, mass loss of mixed-species litter was higher than those of single-species litter in monospecific neighborhoods. This was mainly attributable to indirect diversity effects, that is, alterations in microenvironmental conditions as a result of tree species mixing, rather than direct diversity effects, that is, litter mixing itself. Tree species mixing effects were relatively weak, and initial litter quality and environmental conditions were more important predictors of fine-root litter mass loss than tree diversity. We showed that tree species mixing can alter fine-root litter mass loss across large environmental gradients, but these effects are context-dependent and of moderate importance compared to environmental influences. Interactions between species identity and site conditions need to be considered to explain diversity effects on fine-root decomposition.
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11
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Luan J, Li S, Dong W, Liu Y, Wang Y, Liu S. Litter decomposition affected by bamboo expansion is modulated by litter‐mixing and microbial composition. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Luan
- Institute of Resources and EnvironmentKey Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan Beijing PR China
| | - Siyu Li
- Institute of Resources and EnvironmentKey Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan Beijing PR China
| | - Wei Dong
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou PR China
| | - Yanchun Liu
- School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Resources and EnvironmentKey Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan Beijing PR China
| | - Shirong Liu
- The Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing PR China
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12
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Kou L, Jiang L, Hättenschwiler S, Zhang M, Niu S, Fu X, Dai X, Yan H, Li S, Wang H. Diversity-decomposition relationships in forests worldwide. eLife 2020; 9:e55813. [PMID: 32589142 PMCID: PMC7402676 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant species diversity affects carbon and nutrient cycling during litter decomposition, yet the generality of the direction of this effect and its magnitude remains uncertain. With a meta-analysis including 65 field studies across the Earth's major forest ecosystems, we show here that decomposition was faster when litter was composed of more than one species. These positive biodiversity effects were mostly driven by temperate forests but were more variable in other forests. Litter mixture effects emerged most strongly in early decomposition stages and were related to divergence in litter quality. Litter diversity also accelerated nitrogen, but not phosphorus release, potentially indicating a decoupling of nitrogen and phosphorus cycling and perhaps a shift in ecosystem nutrient limitation with changing biodiversity. Our findings demonstrate the importance of litter diversity effects for carbon and nutrient dynamics during decomposition, and show how these effects vary with litter traits, decomposer complexity and forest characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Kou
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lei Jiang
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | - Miaomiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijingChina
| | - Shuli Niu
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoli Fu
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoqin Dai
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Han Yan
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shenggong Li
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Huimin Wang
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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13
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Bonanomi G, Maisto G, De Marco A, Cesarano G, Zotti M, Mazzei P, Libralato G, Staropoli A, Siciliano A, De Filippis F, La Storia A, Piccolo A, Vinale F, Crasto A, Guida M, Ercolini D, Incerti G. The fate of cigarette butts in different environments: Decay rate, chemical changes and ecotoxicity revealed by a 5-years decomposition experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114108. [PMID: 32044614 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette butts (CBs) are the most common litter item on Earth but no long-term studies evaluate their fate and ecological effects. Here, the role of nitrogen (N) availability and microbiome composition on CBs decomposition were investigated by a 5-years experiment carried out without soil, in park grassland and sand dune. During decomposition, CBs chemical changes was assessed by both 13C CPMAS NMR and LC-MS, physical structure by scanning electron microscope and ecotoxicity by Aliivibrio fischeri and Raphidocelis subcapitata. Microbiota was investigated by high-throughput sequencing of bacterial and eukaryotic rRNA gene markers. CBs followed a three-step decomposition process: at the early stage (∼30 days) CBs lost ∼15.2% of their mass. During the subsequent two years CBs decomposed very slowly, taking thereafter different trajectories depending on N availability and microbiome composition. Without soil CBs showed minor chemical and morphological changes. Over grassland soil a consistent N transfer occurs that, after de-acetylation, promote CBs transformation into an amorphous material rich in aliphatic compounds. In sand dune we found a rich fungal microbiota able to decompose CBs, even before the occurrence of de-acetylation. CBs ecotoxicity was highest immediately after smoking. However, for R. subcapitata toxicity remained high after two and five years of decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Bonanomi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giulia Maisto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, via Cinthia ed. 7, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna De Marco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaspare Cesarano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Maurizio Zotti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mazzei
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFARMA), University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Libralato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, via Cinthia ed. 7, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Staropoli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy; Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Portici, Italy
| | - Antonietta Siciliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, via Cinthia ed. 7, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca De Filippis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta La Storia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piccolo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l'Ambiente, l'Agroalimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Francesco Vinale
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Portici, Italy; University of Naples Federico II, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Via F. Delpino, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Crasto
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, via Cinthia ed. 7, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Guido Incerti
- DI4A, Department of Agri-Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
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14
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Grossman JJ, Cavender‐Bares J, Hobbie SE. Functional diversity of leaf litter mixtures slows decomposition of labile but not recalcitrant carbon over two years. ECOL MONOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jake J. Grossman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota–Twin Cities 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue Saint Paul Minnesota55108USA
| | - Jeannine Cavender‐Bares
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota–Twin Cities 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue Saint Paul Minnesota55108USA
| | - Sarah E. Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota–Twin Cities 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue Saint Paul Minnesota55108USA
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15
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Succession of litter-decomposing microbial organisms in deciduous birch and oak forests, northern Japan. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2019.103485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Chen C, Chen HYH, Chen X. Functional diversity enhances, but exploitative traits reduce tree mixture effects on microbial biomass. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management Lakehead University Thunder Bay ON Canada
| | - Han Y. H. Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management Lakehead University Thunder Bay ON Canada
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco‐geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Xinli Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management Lakehead University Thunder Bay ON Canada
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17
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Sercu BK, Hertzog LR, De Groote SR, Baeten L, Lens L, Martel A, Bonte D, Verheyen K. Soil heterogeneity in tree mixtures depends on spatial clustering of tree species. Basic Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Santonja M, Rodríguez-Pérez H, Le Bris N, Piscart C. Leaf Nutrients and Macroinvertebrates Control Litter Mixing Effects on Decomposition in Temperate Streams. Ecosystems 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-019-00410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Yang X, Qu YB, Yang N, Zhao H, Wang JL, Zhao NX, Gao YB. Litter species diversity is more important than genotypic diversity of dominant grass species Stipa grandis in influencing litter decomposition in a bare field. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 666:490-498. [PMID: 30802664 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Studies have indicated that plant litter diversity can affect litter decomposition at both species diversity and genotypic diversity level within a species. However, the essence and relative importance of these two diversity levels on litter decomposition remain unknown. Here, two independent one-factor experiments, litter species diversity and litter genotypic diversity of the dominant species-Stipa grandis, were carried out to explore the effects of initial litter quality, litter composition and diversity on decomposition of mass, nitrogen (N), carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) simultaneously. The results showed that: (1) there were significant relationships between the initial litter N, C/N, lignin/N and the decomposition rate of N, between the initial litter P, N/P and the decomposition rate of P, and the litter composition significantly influenced litter mass, N, C and P remaining in both litter species and genotypic diversity experiments; and (2) litter species diversity significantly affected litter mass, N, C and P remaining, and non-additive relative mixture effects were mainly contributed by synergistic effects especially in 6-species mixtures; however, similar patterns were not found in litter genotypic diversity experiment. The present results emphasized that initial litter quality played the most important role in influencing litter decomposition of mass N, C and P, and suggested that litter species mixtures rather than litter genotypic mixtures of a dominant species could favor nutrient cycling in ecosystem of the semi-arid Inner Mongolia Steppe of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yao-Bing Qu
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China; College of Agronomy & Resources and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Jin-Long Wang
- College of Agronomy & Resources and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, PR China.
| | - Nian-Xi Zhao
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Yu-Bao Gao
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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20
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Yang S, Liu W, Qiao C, Wang J, Deng M, Zhang B, Liu L. The decline in plant biodiversity slows down soil carbon turnover under increasing nitrogen deposition in a temperate steppe. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiangshan, Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Weixing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiangshan, Beijing China
| | - Chunlian Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiangshan, Beijing China
- College of Life Science Xinyang Normal University Xinyang China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiangshan, Beijing China
- The College of Life Sciences Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Meifeng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiangshan, Beijing China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiangshan, Beijing China
| | - Lingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiangshan, Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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21
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Tang L, Lin Y, He X, Han G. Acid rain decelerates the decomposition of
Cunninghamia lanceolata
needle and
Cinnamomum camphora
leaf litters in a karst region in China. Ecol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Tang
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences Jishou University Jishou China
| | - Yonghui Lin
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences Jishou University Jishou China
| | - Xingbing He
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences Jishou University Jishou China
| | - Guomin Han
- School of Life Sciences Anhui Agricultural University Hefei China
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22
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Zieger SL, Holczinger A, Sommer J, Rath M, Kuzyakov Y, Polle A, Maraun M, Scheu S. Beech trees fuel soil animal food webs via root-derived nitrogen. Basic Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Marian F, Sandmann D, Krashevska V, Maraun M, Scheu S. Leaf and root litter decomposition is discontinued at high altitude tropical montane rainforests contributing to carbon sequestration. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:6432-6443. [PMID: 28861246 PMCID: PMC5574766 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated how altitude affects the decomposition of leaf and root litter in the Andean tropical montane rainforest of southern Ecuador, that is, through changes in the litter quality between altitudes or other site-specific differences in microenvironmental conditions. Leaf litter from three abundant tree species and roots of different diameter from sites at 1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 m were placed in litterbags and incubated for 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months. Environmental conditions at the three altitudes and the sampling time were the main factors driving litter decomposition, while origin, and therefore quality of the litter, was of minor importance. At 2,000 and 3,000 m decomposition of litter declined for 12 months reaching a limit value of ~50% of initial and not decomposing further for about 24 months. After 36 months, decomposition commenced at low rates resulting in an average of 37.9% and 44.4% of initial remaining after 48 months. In contrast, at 1,000 m decomposition continued for 48 months until only 10.9% of the initial litter mass remained. Changes in decomposition rates were paralleled by changes in microorganisms with microbial biomass decreasing after 24 months at 2,000 and 3,000 m, while varying little at 1,000 m. The results show that, irrespective of litter origin (1,000, 2,000, 3,000 m) and type (leaves, roots), unfavorable microenvironmental conditions at high altitudes inhibit decomposition processes resulting in the sequestration of carbon in thick organic layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Marian
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Dorothee Sandmann
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Valentyna Krashevska
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Mark Maraun
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Stefan Scheu
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land UseUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
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24
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Mao B, Mao R, Zeng DH. Species diversity and chemical properties of litter influence non-additive effects of litter mixtures on soil carbon and nitrogen cycling. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180422. [PMID: 28686660 PMCID: PMC5501526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Decomposition of litter mixtures generally cannot be predicted from the component species incubated in isolation. Therefore, such non-additive effects of litter mixing on soil C and N dynamics remain poorly understood in terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, litters of Mongolian pine and three dominant understory species and soil were collected from a Mongolian pine plantation in Northeast China. In order to examine the effects of mixed-species litter on soil microbial biomass N, soil net N mineralization and soil respiration, four single litter species and their mixtures consisting of all possible 2-, 3- and 4-species combinations were added to soils, respectively. In most instances, species mixing produced synergistic non-additive effects on soil microbial biomass N and soil respiration, but antagonistic non-additive effects on net N mineralization. Species composition rather than species richness explained the non-additive effects of species mixing on soil microbial biomass N and net N mineralization, due to the interspecific differences in litter chemical composition. Both litter species composition and richness explained non-additive soil respiration responses to mixed-species litter, while litter chemical diversity and chemical composition did not. Our study indicated that litter mixtures promoted soil microbial biomass N and soil respiration, and inhibited net N mineralization. Soil N related processes rather than soil respiration were partly explained by litter chemical composition and chemical diversity, highlighting the importance of functional diversity of litter on soil N cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Daqinggou Ecological Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Rong Mao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - De-Hui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Daqinggou Ecological Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail:
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25
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Ockleford C, Adriaanse P, Berny P, Brock T, Duquesne S, Grilli S, Hernandez-Jerez AF, Bennekou SH, Klein M, Kuhl T, Laskowski R, Machera K, Pelkonen O, Pieper S, Stemmer M, Sundh I, Teodorovic I, Tiktak A, Topping CJ, Wolterink G, Craig P, de Jong F, Manachini B, Sousa P, Swarowsky K, Auteri D, Arena M, Rob S. Scientific Opinion addressing the state of the science on risk assessment of plant protection products for in-soil organisms. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04690. [PMID: 32625401 PMCID: PMC7009882 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from EFSA, the Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues developed an opinion on the science behind the risk assessment of plant protection products for in-soil organisms. The current risk assessment scheme is reviewed, taking into account new regulatory frameworks and scientific developments. Proposals are made for specific protection goals for in-soil organisms being key drivers for relevant ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes such as nutrient cycling, soil structure, pest control and biodiversity. Considering the time-scales and biological processes related to the dispersal of the majority of in-soil organisms compared to terrestrial non-target arthropods living above soil, the Panel proposes that in-soil environmental risk assessments are made at in- and off-field scale considering field boundary levels. A new testing strategy which takes into account the relevant exposure routes for in-soil organisms and the potential direct and indirect effects is proposed. In order to address species recovery and long-term impacts of PPPs, the use of population models is also proposed.
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26
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McDaniel MD, Grandy AS, Tiemann LK, Weintraub MN. Eleven years of crop diversification alters decomposition dynamics of litter mixtures incubated with soil. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. D. McDaniel
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire 03824 USA
| | - A. S. Grandy
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire 03824 USA
| | - L. K. Tiemann
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire 03824 USA
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
| | - M. N. Weintraub
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Toledo Toledo Ohio 43604 USA
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27
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Litter Chemistry, Community Shift, and Non-additive Effects Drive Litter Decomposition Changes Following Invasion by a Generalist Pathogen. Ecosystems 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-016-0017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Frainer A, Jabiol J, Gessner MO, Bruder A, Chauvet E, McKie BG. Stoichiometric imbalances between detritus and detritivores are related to shifts in ecosystem functioning. OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Frainer
- Dept of Ecology and Environmental Science; Umeå Univ.; SE-901 87 Umeå Sweden
- Dept of Arctic and Marine Biology; Univ. of Tromsø; NO-9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Jérémy Jabiol
- Univ. de Toulouse; INP, UPS; EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement);; 118 Route de Narbonne FR-31062 Toulouse France
- CNRS, EcoLab; FR-31062 Toulouse France
| | - Mark O. Gessner
- Dept of Experimental Limnology; Leibniz Inst. of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB); DE-16775 Stechlin Germany
- Dept of Ecology; Berlin Inst. of Technology (TU Berlin); DE-10587 Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Bruder
- Dept of Aquatic Ecology; Eawag: Swiss Federal Inst. of Aquatic Science and Technology; Ch-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Inst. of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH Zurich; CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
- Dept of Zoology; Univ. of Otago; 9054 Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Eric Chauvet
- Univ. de Toulouse; INP, UPS; EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement);; 118 Route de Narbonne FR-31062 Toulouse France
- CNRS, EcoLab; FR-31062 Toulouse France
| | - Brendan G. McKie
- Dept of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment; Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences; SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
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29
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Frainer A, Moretti MS, Xu W, Gessner MO. No evidence for leaf-trait dissimilarity effects on litter decomposition, fungal decomposers, and nutrient dynamics. Ecology 2015; 96:550-61. [PMID: 26240875 DOI: 10.1890/14-1151.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Biodiversity and ecosystem-functioning theory suggest that litter mixtures composed of dissimilar leaf species can enhance decomposition due to species trait complementarity. Here we created a continuous gradient of litter chemistry trait variability within species mixtures to assess effects of litter dissimilarity on three related processes in a natural stream: litter decomposition, fungal biomass accrual in the litter, and nitrogen and phosphorus immobilization. Litter from a pool of eight leaf species was analyzed for chemistry traits affecting decomposition (lignin, nitrogen, and phosphorus) and assembled in all of the 28 possible two-species combinations. Litter dissimilarity was characterized in terms of a range of trait-diversity measures, using Euclidean and Gower distances and dendrogram-based indices. We found large differences in decomposition rates among leaf species, but no significant relationships between decomposition rate of individual leaf species and litter trait dissimilarity, irrespective of whether decomposition was mediated by microbes alone or by both microbes and litter-consuming invertebrates. Likewise, no effects of trait dissimilarity emerged on either fungal biomass accrual or changes during decomposition of nitrogen or phosphorus concentrations in individual leaf species. In line with recent meta-analyses, these results provide support for the contention that litter diversity effects on decomposition, at least in streams, are less pronounced than effects on terrestrial primary productivity.
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30
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Potential Shift in Plant Communities with Climate Change: Outcome on Litter Decomposition and Nutrient Release in a Mediterranean Oak Forest. Ecosystems 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-015-9896-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Handa IT, Aerts R, Berendse F, Berg MP, Bruder A, Butenschoen O, Chauvet E, Gessner MO, Jabiol J, Makkonen M, McKie BG, Malmqvist B, Peeters ETHM, Scheu S, Schmid B, van Ruijven J, Vos VCA, Hättenschwiler S. Consequences of biodiversity loss for litter decomposition across biomes. Nature 2014; 509:218-21. [DOI: 10.1038/nature13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Schuster MJ, Dukes JS. Non-additive effects of invasive tree litter shift seasonal N release: a potential invasion feedback. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Schuster
- Dept of Forestry and Natural Resources; Purdue Univ.; 715 West State Street West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Dukes
- Dept of Forestry and Natural Resources; Purdue Univ.; 715 West State Street West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Dept of Biological Sciences; Purdue Univ.; 15 West State Street West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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33
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Purahong W, Kapturska D, Pecyna MJ, Schulz E, Schloter M, Buscot F, Hofrichter M, Krüger D. Influence of different forest system management practices on leaf litter decomposition rates, nutrient dynamics and the activity of ligninolytic enzymes: a case study from central European forests. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93700. [PMID: 24699676 PMCID: PMC3974784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf litter decomposition is the key ecological process that determines the sustainability of managed forest ecosystems, however very few studies hitherto have investigated this process with respect to silvicultural management practices. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of forest management practices on leaf litter decomposition rates, nutrient dynamics (C, N, Mg, K, Ca, P) and the activity of ligninolytic enzymes. We approached these questions using a 473 day long litterbag experiment. We found that age-class beech and spruce forests (high forest management intensity) had significantly higher decomposition rates and nutrient release (most nutrients) than unmanaged deciduous forest reserves (P<0.05). The site with near-to-nature forest management (low forest management intensity) exhibited no significant differences in litter decomposition rate, C release, lignin decomposition, and C/N, lignin/N and ligninolytic enzyme patterns compared to the unmanaged deciduous forest reserves, but most nutrient dynamics examined in this study were significantly faster under such near-to-nature forest management practices. Analyzing the activities of ligninolytic enzymes provided evidence that different forest system management practices affect litter decomposition by changing microbial enzyme activities, at least over the investigated time frame of 473 days (laccase, P<0.0001; manganese peroxidase (MnP), P = 0.0260). Our results also indicate that lignin decomposition is the rate limiting step in leaf litter decomposition and that MnP is one of the key oxidative enzymes of litter degradation. We demonstrate here that forest system management practices can significantly affect important ecological processes and services such as decomposition and nutrient cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witoon Purahong
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Soil Ecology, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Chair for Soil Science, Technical University of Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Danuta Kapturska
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Soil Ecology, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, Zittau, Germany
| | - Marek J. Pecyna
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, Zittau, Germany
| | - Elke Schulz
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Soil Ecology, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Schloter
- Research Unit for Environmental Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - François Buscot
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Soil Ecology, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle - Jena - Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Hofrichter
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, Zittau, Germany
| | - Dirk Krüger
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Soil Ecology, Halle (Saale), Germany
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